MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Gum biopsy

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Gum biopsy

Contents of this page:
Illustrations Alternative names Definition How the test is performed How to prepare for the test How the test will feel	Why the test is performed Normal Values What abnormal results mean What the risks are Special considerations

Illustrations

Tooth anatomy

Gum biopsy

Alternative names Return to top

Biopsy - gingiva (gums)

Definition Return to top

A gum biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small piece of gingival (gum) tissue is removed for examination.

How the test is performed Return to top

A topical anesthetic may (or may not) be sprayed in the mouth on the suspicious area of gum tissue (in some cases injection of local anesthesia may be required). A small piece of the gum tissue is removed using a biopsy forcep and sent to the laboratory for examination.

How to prepare for the test Return to top

There is no special preparation, although fasting for a few hours before the test may be advisable.

Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experiences, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:

infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

How the test will feel Return to top

The topical anesthetic, if used, should numb the area during the procedure, although some tugging or pressure may be felt. After the anesthetic wears off, the area may be tender for a few days.

Why the test is performed Return to top

This test is performed when examination of the mouth reveals abnormal-appearing gum tissue, particularly if amyloid or other abnormality is suspected.

Normal Values Return to top

This test is only performed when there is an abnormality.

What abnormal results mean Return to top

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
amyloid
oral cancer (for example, squamous cell carcinoma)
noncancerous mouth sores (the specific cause can be determined in many cases)

What the risks are Return to top

bleeding from the biopsy site
infection of the gums
soreness

Special considerations Return to top

Avoid brushing the biopsy area for 1 week.

Update Date: 10/27/2003

Updated by: James L. Demetroulakos M.D. F.A.C.S., Department Of Otolaryngology, North Shore Medical Center, Salem, MA. Clinical Instructor in Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 2002 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.