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Thrombocytopenia

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Definition   

Thrombocytopenia is any disorder in which there are not enough platelets. Platelets are cells in the blood that help blood to clot. This condition is sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors   

Thrombocytopenia is often divided into three major causes of low platelets:

  1. Low production of platelets in the bone marrow
  2. Increased breakdown of platelets in the bloodstream (called intravascular)
  3. Increased breakdown of platelets in the spleen or liver (called extravascular)

Disorders that involve low production in the bone marrow include:

Disorders that involve the breakdown of platelets include:

Symptoms   

Other symptoms may be present as well, depending on the cause of the condition. Mild thrombocytopenia can occur without symptoms.

Signs and tests   

Treatment   

Treatment depends on the cause of the condition. In some cases, a transfusion of platelets may be required to stop or prevent bleeding.

Expectations (prognosis)   

The outcome depends on the disorder causing the low platelet counts.

Complications   

Calling your health care provider   

Call your healthcare provider if you experience unexplained bleeding or bruising.

Prevention   

Prevention depends on the specific cause.

Update Date: 8/12/2004

Updated by: Stephen Grund, M.D. Ph.D., Chief of Hematology/Oncology and Director of the George Bray Cancer Center at New Britain General Hospital, New Britain, CT. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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