Malignant mesothelioma is a diffuse tumor that affects men more frequently than women. Sustained exposure to asbestos is the predominant risk factor. The latent period between asbestos exposure and onset of symptoms can be 20 to 50 years or even longer.

The median age of diagnosis is 60. The tumor can spread rapidly to involve the pericardium (sac around the heart), mediastinum, and opposite pleura. Progressive pain and shortness of breath can occur. The tumor is usually associated with a pleural effusion.

Differentiation of the tumor from other conditions of the pleura and other types of cancer can be difficult, even when experienced pathologists are viewing biopsy samples.

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Cough
• Weight loss

• Chest X-ray showing tumor and possibly showing pleural effusion (which may be bloody)
• Thoracic CT
• Cytology from pleural fluid
• Open lung biopsy

Results of treatment for malignant mesothelioma have been disappointing. When found in the early stages, surgery may result in cure. Chemotherapy and radiation may help to increase the chance of cure after surgery.

When the disease is too advanced for surgery, chemotherapy or radiation may be used to reduce symptoms. Cure is usually not possible.

A 2002 study showed that a chemotherapy regimen of two drugs -- cisplatin and a new drug called pemetrexed -- appears promising in improving survival and decreasing symptoms. Consider participating in a clinical trial (test of new treatments), which may give you additional treatment options.

Supportive treatment (such as pain relief and oxygen) may also help to relieve symptoms.

Rapid spread of the tumor to other organs is a complication.