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the Entire March 2002 Issue in PDF (7.7MB)
Tracking Down Virulence in Plague
(pdf
file, 2MB)
Bioscientists at Livermore and elsewhere across the Department of Energy
complex are studying the plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis) as part of
the National Nuclear Security Administrations Chemical and Biological
National Security Program. At Livermore, work continues on the development
of DNA signatures that can be used to quickly detect and identify plague
outbreaks. In the Pathogen Pathway Project, Y. pestis is being used as
a prototype for studying virulence and the interactions of a pathogen
and its host. Another Yersinia bacterium (Y. pseudotuberculosis) has been
sequenced for comparative purposes. Its DNA is very similar to that of
Y. pestis, but it causes only mild intestinal discomfort. Suppression
subtractive hybridization is being used to compare the DNA of the two
Yersinia genomes. The response of thousands of Y. pestis genes is being
determined with transcript profiling. A gene elimination, or knock-out,
experiment to learn about specific genes is just getting under way. A
mass spectrometry approach is being used to identify virulence proteins.
L-Gel Decontaminates Better Than Bleach
(pdf
file, 1.5MB)
A team of Livermore researchers has developed a decontamination compound
called L-Gel, which combines a mild, commercially available oxidizer with
a silica gelling agent. The material is nontoxic, noncorrosive, easy to
manufacture, easily deployable, and relatively inexpensive (about $1 for
every square meter applied). L-Gel sticks to walls, ceilings, and other
materials for effective decontamination. Tests in Livermores laboratories
and field trials at U.S. and foreign facilities show that L-Gel is extremely
effective at decontaminating all classes of chemical warfare agents as
well as surrogates for biological warfare agents. The material is premixed
and then shipped and stored as a semisolid. If unopened, its shelf life
is expected to exceed a year. It is reliquefied to a house-paint consistency
by shaking or stirring and can be applied using any type of commercially
available spray device.
Faster Inspection of Laser Coatings
(pdf
file, 1MB)
A new microscopic
tool speeds inspection of coatings on laser optics.
From Kilobytes to Petabytes in 50 Years
(pdf
file, 3MB)
From
the beginning, Livermore researchers pushed the limits of the fastest,
most powerful computers available in their drive to better understand
and predict complex scientific phenomena.
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April 15, 2002
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