Male hypogonadism is the inability of the testicles to produce testosterone, sperm or both. The condition also is known as testosterone deficiency.
As part of their reproductive systems, men have external genital organs called testicles (testes). These two oval-shaped organs reside in a pouch of skin (scrotum) that hangs below the abdomen and behind the penis. In addition to producing the sperm cells that are used in reproduction, the testicles secrete the male hormone testosterone. This hormone plays an important role in the development and maintenance of typical masculine physical characteristics.
During fetal development, testosterone is necessary to form male genital organs. During puberty, testosterone is essential for the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, greater muscle mass and a deeper voice. In adult males, testosterone maintains muscle mass and strength, fat distribution, bone mass, sperm production, sex drive and potency.
Treatment of male hypogonadism depends on the cause and may involve testosterone replacement therapy. Hypogonadism affects approximately one in 500 males.
