Bibliographic Services Division | |
Last modified: June 30, 2004
This document is prepared for those who lease MEDLINE® from NLM and other interested parties. Other sections will be added in the future and revisions will be made as needed.
OVERVIEW
The initial baseline MEDLINE database is distributed to licensees in several hundred files via ftp or, alternatively, on a DLT tape. The baseline files also include completed and quality reviewed non-MEDLINE records found in PubMed (MedlineCitation Status = PubMed-not-MEDLINE). Files containing other non-MEDLINE records in PubMed (MedlineCitation Status = In-process or In-Data-Review) are distributed via ftp as part of the MEDLINE daily update files that are available after the baseline files are generated. Update files containing new, maintained, and deleted MEDLINE and non-MEDLINE records picking up from the baseline records are distributed via ftp each Tuesday through Saturday except there is a hiatus during November and December as NLM makes the transition to a new year of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH®) vocabulary used to index the articles.
MEDLINE XML ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES
THE ELEMENTS AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES IN MEDLINECITATIONSET
The MEDLINE elements and their attributes are presented in this section in the order they appear in the distributed MEDLINE record, per the DTD. An alphabetical list of all element names is at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/licensee/elements_alphabetical.html. Information on the elements used at NLM to create the journal source is also available.
USE OF LISTS AND ATTRIBUTE "CompleteYN"
Three of the MEDLINE elements (<AuthorList>, <GrantList>, and <DataBankList>) use "lists" with the corresponding attribute of "CompleteYN". 'Y', meaning Yes, represents that NLM has entered all list items that appear in the published journal article. 'N', meaning No, represents that NLM has not entered all list items that appear in the published journal article. The latter case (incomplete list) occurs on records indexed during periods of time when NLM policy was to enter fewer than all items that qualified. NLM recommends the following when encountering 'N' for the element lists:
<AuthorList> when attribute = N, then supply the literal "et al." after last author name
<GrantList> when attribute = N, then supply the literal "etc." after the last grant number
<DataBankList> when attribute = N, then supply the literal "etc." after the last occurrence
Other MEDLINE elements possibly containing multiple values use 'lists'; however, they do not use attributes to indicate completeness. For those elements, all lists are complete.
<MedlineCitation Owner="Value"> The party responsible for creating and validating the citation is recorded as the MedlineCitation Owner attribute. Each citation has only one MedlineCitation Owner and there are eight possible values for this attribute: NLM | NASA | PIP | KIE | HSR | HMD | SIS | NOTNLM. The valid Owner values for the various NLM departments and outside collaborating data partners are:
NLM - National Library of Medicine, Index Section (the vast majority of citations carry this value)
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PIP - Population Information Program, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (not a current value; only on older citations)
KIE - Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University
HSR - National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care Technology, National Library of Medicine
HMD - History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine
SIS - Specialized Information Services Division, National Library of Medicine (not yet used; reserved for possible future use)
NOTNLM - for licensees' use; NLM will never use this value on citations it exports; licensees may want to use this value if they want to adapt the MEDLINE DTD for other applications.
Some of the above Owner attributes - NASA, PIP, and KIE - may also be used with <GeneralNote> and <KeywordList> elements if the citation has been enriched with additional data by a collaborating partner.
<MedlineCitation Status="Value">
The Status attribute indicates the stage of a citation. There are five possible values for the MedlineCitation Status attribute: Completed | In-Process | PubMed-not-MEDLINE | In-Data-Review | Publisher, as described below in the order in which processing at NLM occurs.
Examples are:
<PMID>10097079</PMID>
<PMID>6012557</PMID>
<PMID>10</PMID>
Additional information/background:
Prior to the 2004 version of MEDLINE, all records contained a <MedlineID> in addition to the <PMID>. Beginning with the 2004 baseline database first distributed in December 2003, NLM no longer exports the <MedlineID>. The <PMID> has become the single element to uniquely identify the MEDLINE record.
An example is:
<DateCreated>
<Year>2002</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
</DateCreated>
This is contrasted with <DateCompleted> that is the date processing ends. <DateCreated> is not the same as NLM's PubMed Entrez Date (EDAT) that is the date the record entered PubMed. The PubMed Entrez Date does not reside on records distributed to licensees as it is generated when the record gets to PubMed.
Additional information/background:
For citations up to about the year 2000, the Date of Entry element in NLM's legacy ELHILL® system was used to set both <DateCreated> and <DateCompleted>.Additional information/background:
An example is:
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2002</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</DateCompleted>
An example is:
<DateRevised>
<Year>2002</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
</DateRevised>
Additional information/background:
When the 10 million+ MEDLINE records through the 2000 production year were converted to XML from NLM's legacy ELHILL system, all records were assigned a <DateRevised> of 20001218 (December 18, 2000). Subsequently, many of these records have been or will be maintained, thus have or in the future will have a later <DateRevised> value.
Examples are:
<ISSN>0017-0011</ISSN>
<ISSN>0951-418X</ISSN>
Some records do not contain an <ISSN> value. Some journals are published electronically (online) in addition to or instead of in print. For journals published in both media (referred to as hybrid journals), NLM chooses one version to use for MeSH indexing and the ISSN for that version appears in the MEDLINE citation. There is no indication in the MEDLINE citation whether the ISSN present is for the print or electronic version. See also <NlmUniqueID>.
Information about journals cited in MEDLINE, including the complete title of the journal, is found in:
Examples are:
<JournalIssue PrintYN="Y">
<Volume>14</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2000</Year>
<Month>Jan</Month>
</PubDate>
<JournalIssue PrintYN="N">
<Volume>2004</Volume>
<Issue>4</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2004</Year>
<Month>Jan</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
NOTE: NLM has learned from our experience with the <JournalIssue> PrintYN and <ElectronicPubDate> OfficialDateYN attributes and plans to make changes to the DTD for 2005.
Examples are:
<Volume>7</Volume>
<Volume>5 Spec No</Volume>
<Volume>49 Suppl 20</Volume>
<Volume>Doc No 93</Volume>
The last example is for a journal published electronically. This format occurs rarely, as NLM prefers to put electronic document numbers in the <Pagination> element.
Examples are:
<Issue>Pt 1</Issue>
<Issue>Pt B</Issue>
<Issue>3 Spec No</Issue>
<Issue>7 Pt 1</Issue>
<Issue>First Half</Issue>
<Issue>3 Suppl</Issue>
<Issue>3 Suppl 1</Issue>
Examples are:
<PubDate>
<Year>2001</Year>
<Month>Apr</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
</PubDate>
<PubDate>
<Year>2001</Year>
<Month>Apr</Month>
</PubDate>
<PubDate>
<Year>2001</Year>
</PubDate>
The date of publication for the great majority of records will reside in the separate date-related elements within <PubDate> as shown above and in these cases the record will not contain <MedlineDate>. The date of publication of the article will be found in <MedlineDate> when parsing for the separate fields is not possible; i.e., cases where dates do not fit the Year, Month, or Day pattern.
Examples are:
<PubDate>
<MedlineDate>1998 Dec-1999 Jan</MedlineDate>
</PubDate>
<PubDate>
<MedlineDate>2000 Spring</MedlineDate>
</PubDate>
<PubDate>
<MedlineDate>2000 Spring-Summer</MedlineDate>
</PubDate>
<PubDate>
<MedlineDate>2000 Nov-Dec</MedlineDate>
</PubDate>
<PubDate>
<MedlineDate>2000 Dec 23-30</MedlineDate>
</PubDate>
Additional information/background:
When the only date is an electronic date of publication, it goes in the regular <PubDate> field and not in the <ElectronicPubDate> field. It's only when two dates are involved that the latter comes into play.
Records distributed with [In Process Citation] in <ArticleTitle> are non-English language citations in In-Process <MedlineCitation> status that do not yet have the article title translated into English.
Examples are:
<ArticleTitle>The Kleine-Levin syndrome as a neuropsychiatric disorder: a case report.</ArticleTitle>
<ArticleTitle>Why is xenon not more widely used for anaesthesia?</ArticleTitle>
<ArticleTitle>[Biological rhythms and human disease]</ArticleTitle>
<ArticleTitle>[In Process Citation]</ArticleTitle>
<ArticleTitle>[Anterior panhypopituitarism after sella turcica fracture (author's trans)]</ArticleTitle>
<ArticleTitle>Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Northeast Italy: a multicentre study. GISU. Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Ulcer.</ArticleTitle>
The complete pagination is found in the <MedlinePgn> element. The <StartPage> and <EndPage> elements are not distributed.
Examples are:
<MedlinePgn>12-9</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>304-10</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>335-6</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>1199-201</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>24-32, 64</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>34, 72, 84 passim</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>31-7 cntd</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>176-8 concl</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>iii-viii</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>XC-CIII</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>P32-4</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>32P-35P</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>suppl 111-2</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>564</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>[6021 words; 81 paragraphs]</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>E101-6</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>44; discussion 44-8</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>925; author reply 925-6</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>e66</MedlinePgn>
<MedlinePgn>1 p preceding table of contents</MedlinePgn>
Additional information/background:
Beginning in December 2002, new rules are followed for pagination for letters to the editor that include text consisting of an author reply. If the reply is written by one or more of the authors of the original article, the words "author reply" are used in the pagination field rather than the word "discussion". "Discussion" continues to be used within pagination for other types of articles, such as an article presented at a meeting that is followed by the text of a separate discussion or verbal exchange by a panel or others attending the meeting. This new rule for pagination that includes "author reply" applies only to citations with <PublicationType> Letter.
An example is:
<AbstractText> Many disorders may result in delay of language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . The reason for suggesting this diagnostic category is to stress that these children do initially behave in a similar way to those who are peripherally deaf. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</AbstractText>
Structured abstracts, describing key aspects of the purposes, methods, and results in a consistent way, are published in some journals. The key aspects of structured abstracts are capitalized to stand out: e.g. "BACKGROUND" OBJECTIVES, "METHOD," etc. The text is not broken into paragraphs. Structured abstracts were not truncated in the past, even if they surpassed the previous 250 or 400 word limit.
An example is:
<AbstractText> BACKGROUND: Superantigens produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are among the most lethal of toxins. Toxins in this family trigger an excessive cellular immune response leading to toxic shock. OBJECTIVES: To design an antagonist that is effective in vivo against a broad spectrum of superantigen toxins. METHODS: Short peptide antagonists were selected for their ability to inhibit superantigen-induced expression of human genes for cytokines that mediate shock. The ability of these peptides to protect mice against lethal toxin challenge was examined. RESULTS: Antagonist peptide protected mice against lethal challenge with staphylococcal enterotoxin B and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, superantigens that share only 6% overall amino acid homology. Moreover, . . . </AbstractText>
Additional information/background:
History - Original policy on inclusion of abstracts set a limit of 250 words for acceptance. Effective with the January 1984 data (i.e., NLM's ELHILL legacy system 8401 Entry Month) two changes were made in this policy: 1) the word limit was expanded to 400 words for abstracts from articles 10 pages or more in length or from articles in the core journals identified by the National Cancer Institute and 2) abstracts exceeding the 250- or 400-word limit are to be included in truncated form at the end of the sentence closest to the word limit. The percentage of records with abstracts has increased over the years as more publishers gave permission for NLM to include these data. A chart showing the number of MEDLINE records containing abstracts in various segments of MEDLINE is available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/medline_lang_distr.html. The maximum length of abstracts for records created after 2000 is 10,000 characters.
<CopyrightInformation> associated with <AbstractText> was introduced in 1999, and appears on a limited but increasing number of records. This singly-occurring element contains a copyright statement provided by the publisher of the journal and appears only on records supplied electronically to NLM by the publisher. NLM suggests that licensees display this information at the end of the abstract.
An example is:
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>Aphidicolin, a selective inhibitor of DNA polymerase, totally blocks DNA replication in the micronucleus but not in the macronucleus of Paramecium caudatum. The ciliates no longer divide and after 4 days the DNA content of the macronucleus has increased by 64%. Concomitantly the cell volume has increased by 53%.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright 1999 Academic Press.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
Publishers or authors may still claim copyright on abstracts in records lacking <CopyrightInformation>. Per Section F3 of the NLM License to Lease NLM Databases: "The Licensee and its users shall be solely responsible for compliance with any copyright restrictions; NLM assumes no responsibility or liability associated with the Licensee's (or any of the Licensee's users') use and/or reproduction of copyrighted material. Anyone contemplating reproduction of all or any portion of any of the NLM databases should consult legal counsel."
Regarding author affiliations:
The affiliation of the first author resides in the separate <Affiliation> element preceding <AuthorList>. Starting in 1988, NLM began to include the address of the first author's affiliation on the record. Originally the address was intended to help differentiate between two authors of the same name, not to provide detailed mailing information. It evolved that the institution, city, and state including zip code for U.S. addresses, and country for foreign countries, were included if provided in the journal; sometimes the street address was also included if provided in the journal. In 1995, NLM began to add the designation USA at the end of <Affiliation> where the first author's affiliation is in the 50 United States or the District of Columbia. Effective January 1, 1996, NLM includes the primary author's electronic mail (e-mail) address at the end of <Affiliation>, if present in the journal. Starting in 2003 the complete first author address is entered as it appears in the article with no words omitted.
Examples are:
<Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center Charlottesville 22908, USA. med2p@virginia.edu</Affiliation>
<Affiliation>Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation>
<Affiliation>Center for Children With Special Needs, Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, CM:09, Seattle, WA 98105-0371, USA. jneff@chmc.org</Affiliation>
Regarding investigator affiliations (see <InvestigatorList>):
The investigator affiliation identifies the organization that the researcher was affiliated with at the time the article was written and as published in the journal. Unlike <Affiliation> associated with Author names, this affiliation generally does not include detailed address information.
Examples are:
<Affiliation>Marquette U, Milwaukee, WI</Affiliation>
<Affiliation>VA Med Ctr, Richmond, VA</Affiliation>
Personal name <Author> data resides in the following elements:
<LastName> contains the surname
<ForeName> contains the remainder of name except for suffix
<Suffix> contains a valid MEDLINE suffix (e.g., 2nd, or 3rd, etc., Jr or Sr). Honorifics (e.g., PhD, MD, etc.) are not carried in the data.
<Initials> contains up to two initials
Additional information about initials:
Initials are found at the beginning of the name string or following a break. A break is a space or hyphen. Only capital letters in ForeName are candidates for initials except for the letter following a hyphen. The letter following a hyphen is a candidate for an initial unless the string following the hyphen is 'ichi'. If ForeName is only initials, there will be spaces between initials. Initial includes the following particles: de, do, da, du, del, dos, el-, le and el. All except 'el-' are followed by a space and are preceded by a space or are at the beginning of the name string. If found, all particles will be converted to lower case in <Initials>. If language is Bulgarian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian (Roman), or Ukrainian, then Initial may be a 2-4 character transliterated mixed-case initial.
Full first and middle names, if published, are entered in <ForeName> beginning with items published in 2002. Prior to 2002 NLM did not enter full first or middle names; instead only initials were entered and pre-2002 records were not maintained to include full names. Full personal names are included, however, on all citations owned by one of NLM's collaborating data producers, the Kennedy Institute of Bioethics (KIE), (MedlineCitationOwner="KIE") regardless of year of publication. KIE also supplied full author names for some NLM-owned citations that predate 2002; those data are found in the <GeneralNote> element.
Examples are:
<Author>
<LastName>Melosh</LastName>
<ForeName>H J</ForeName>
<Suffix>3rd</Suffix>
<Initials>HJ</Initials>
</Author>
<Author>
<LastName>Abrams</LastName>
<ForeName>Judith</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Author>
<Author>
<LastName>Buncke</LastName>
<ForeName>Gregory M</ForeName>
<Initials>GM</Initials>
</Author>
<Author>
<LastName>Amara</LastName>
<ForeName>Mohamed el-Walid</ForeName>
<Initials>Mel-W</Initials>
</Author>
<Author>
<LastName>Gonzales-loza</LastName>
<ForeName>María del R</ForeName>
<Initials>Mdel R</Initials>
</Author>
<Author>
<LastName>Krylov</LastName>
<ForeName>Iakobish K</ForeName>
<Initials>IaK</Initials>
</Author>
Collective or corporate name <Author> data resides in <CollectiveName>, which was introduced to MEDLINE in 2001. Prior to 2001, corporate author information was contained only at the end of <ArticleTitle>, where it remains for those retrospective records (see <ArticleTitle>). As they are encountered, these retrospective records may be individually maintained to move the collective/corporate name from <ArticleTitle> to <CollectiveName>. For records entering MEDLINE beginning in 2001, the collective/corporate name is found in <CollectiveName>. These names enter MEDLINE exactly as they appear in the journal; NLM will not edit the names to standardize them or translate them into English. NLM enters the Roman alphabet words (e.g., German, French) into <CollectiveName>. Transliterated Russian or other cyrillic names are also entered into <CollectiveName> but for Japanese, Chinese, Hebrew, and Arabic NLM puts the English translation of the name into the <CollectiveName>.
A complete <AuthorList> example including <CollectiveName> is:
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author>
<LastName>Gunnars</LastName>
<ForeName>B</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
</Author>
<Author>
<LastName>Nygren</LastName>
<ForeName>P</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Author>
<Author>
<CollectiveName>SBU-group. Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care</CollectiveName>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
When an author's name has been corrected from a published erratum, the corrected name is placed in <AuthorList>, and the incorrect name originally published is retained in the last occurrence. In this circumstance, <ErratumIn> under <CommentsCorrections> has an associated <Note> clarifying the correct and incorrect names (see <CommentsCorrections>).
An example is:
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author>
<LastName>Dunkel</LastName>
<ForeName>E C</ForeName>
<Initials>EC</Initials>
</Author>
.
.
.
<Author>
<LastName>Whitley</LastName> (this is the corrected name)
<ForeName>R J</ForeName>
<Initials>RJ</Initials>
</Author>
.
.
.
<Author>
<LastName>Whitely</LastName> (this is the originally published name)
<ForeName>R J</ForeName>
<Initials>RJ</Initials>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
.
.
.
<CommentsCorrections>
<ErratumIn>
<RefSource>J Infect Dis 1998 Aug;178(2):601</RefSource>
<Note>Whitely RJ[corrected to Whitley RJ]</Note>
</ErratumIn>
</CommentsCorrections>
Additional information/background:
NLM expended much effort to parse the data converted from the legacy ELHILL format at the end of the 2000 production year accurately. Many citations from the 1966-1974 timeframe were changed to follow data entry conventions established later; e.g., particles such as "van der" were moved from the suffix position to the last name, and the abbreviations 2d and 3d were changed to 2nd and 3rd. It is possible to have particles associated with initials, such as <ForeName>María del R</ForeName> <Initials>Mdel </Initials>. It is also possible to have only a <LastName>. Some occurrences of author data in this category are in error and will be corrected manually as time permits and subsequently redistributed as revised records.
Examples are:
<Language>eng</Language>
<Language>rus</Language>
A table listing all languages found in MEDLINE is at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/language_table.html. A chart showing the number of English language MEDLINE articles in various segments of MEDLINE is available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/medline_lang_distr.html.
Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Data Libraries under Accession No. M16978.
The 8 data banks registering molecular sequence data at the present time are:
MEDLINE Abbreviation | Databank |
---|---|
CSD | Complex Carbohydrate Research Center |
GDB | Johns Hopkins University Genome Data Bank |
GENBANK | GenBank Nucleic Acid Sequence Database |
OMIM | Mendelian Inheritance in Man (McKusick) |
PDB | Protein Data Bank |
PIR | Protein Identification Resource |
PRFSEQDB | Protein Research Foundation |
SWISSPROT | Protein Sequence Database |
If an article has more databank numbers than entered into MEDLINE then <DataBank CompleteYN="N"> indicates the list is not complete in which case NLM suggests supplying the literal "etc." after the last occurrence for display purposes.
Additional information/background:
NLM first began to include this information with the 1988 indexing year. Prior to 2000, NLM's policy was to enter up to 30 databank accession numbers for each record. Some global maintenance was done over the years to add databank names/accession numbers whether or not the article itself contained those references. From 2000 forward, NLM enters all databank accession numbers published in the journal. <DataBank> data in <DataBankList> are sorted first by DataBank name and then by <AccessionNumber>.
Examples are:
<DataBankList CompleteYN="N">
<DataBank>
<DataBankName>GENBANK</DataBankName>
<AccessionNumberList>
<AccessionNumber>AF078607</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078608</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078609</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078610</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078611</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078612</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078613</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078614</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078615</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078616</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078617</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078618</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078619</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078620</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078621</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078622</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078623</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078624</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078625</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078626</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078627</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078628</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078629</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078630</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078631</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078632</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078633</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078634</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078635</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF078636</AccessionNumber>
</AccessionNumberList>
</DataBank>
</DataBankList>
<DataBankList CompleteYN="Y">
<DataBank>
<DataBankName>GENBANK</DataBankName>
<AccessionNumberList>
<AccessionNumber>AF321191</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>AF321192</AccessionNumber>
</AccessionNumberList>
</DataBank>
<DataBank>
<DataBankName>OMIM</DataBankName>
<AccessionNumberList>
<AccessionNumber>118200</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>145900</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>162500</AccessionNumber>
<AccessionNumber>605253</AccessionNumber>
</AccessionNumberList>
</DataBank>
</DataBankList>
If an article has more grant numbers than entered into MEDLINE then <GrantList CompleteYN ="N"> indicates the list is not complete in which case NLM suggests supplying the literal "etc." after the last occurrence for display purposes.
A list of the possible values for the grant <Acronym> and <Agency> is available from the PubMed help at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query/static/help/pmhelp.html#grantacronym. Please be advised that while NLM enters the grant number, acronym and agency values are derived by using a machine algorithm against the grant number string. This may result in some inaccurate derivations, but the overall benefit of supplying the separate acronym and agency was considered to be worth the risk of some inaccuracies.
Examples are:
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y">
<Grant>
<GrantID>GM07283</GrantID>
<Acronym>GM</Acronym>
<Agency>NIGMS</Agency>
</Grant>
<GrantList CompleteYN="N">
<Grant>
<GrantID>DK-44935</GrantID>
<Acronym>DK</Acronym>
<Agency>NIDDK</Agency>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>GM-37753</GrantID>
<Acronym>GM</Acronym>
<Agency>NIGMS</Agency>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>GM-44100</GrantID>
<Acronym>GM</Acronym>
<Agency>NIGMS</Agency>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
Additional information/background:
Through 1999 NLM entered up to 3 grant numbers for each record. Beginning in 2000, NLM began to transition to an unlimited number of grant numbers or contract numbers. Some MEDLINE citations from 2000 and 2001 may still be limited to 3 grant numbers or contract numbers, but beginning in 2002 NLM does not limit the number of grant numbers or contract numbers. Some collaborating partners record grant numbers for agencies outside the U.S. Public Health Service in the <GeneralNote> element.
An example is:
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType>Retracted Publication</PublicationType>
<PublicationType>Review</PublicationType>
<PublicationType>Review, Tutorial</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
The <PublicationType> values with their descriptions may be downloaded from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh. The publication type headings contain the value D in the Record Type (RY) field and the value 3 in the DescriptorName Form (DF) field. A simple list of the Publication Types is available at from the PubMed online Help at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query/static/help/pmhelp.html#PublicationTypes.
Examples are:
<VernacularTitle>Temoignages et lettres.</VernacularTitle>
<VernacularTitle>Wplyw przebiegu rozwoju plodu i noworodka na ujawnienie sie niektórych chorób okresu doroslego.</VernacularTitle>
Examples are:
<ElectronicPubDate OfficialDateYN="Y">
<Year>2004</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</ElectronicPubDate>
<ElectronicPubDate OfficialDateYN="N">
<Year>1999</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>25</Day>
</ElectronicPubDate>
Additional information/background:
NLM does not display the <ElectronicPubDate> if a publisher submits it and is identical to the <PubDate>. The NISO standard (Z39.29-200X Bibliographic References) stipulates display of an electronic date only when it predates a subsequent issue date. Licensees may also wish to follow this convention. Be advised that the same intellectual date may be present in both fields using slightly different formats, i.e., the use of a leading zero in the Month or Day elements.
NOTE: NLM has learned from our experience with the <JournalIssue> PrintYN and <ElectronicPubDate> OfficialDateYN attributes and plans to make changes to the DTD for 2005.
Examples are:
<Country>United States</Country>
<Country>UNITED STATES</Country>
<Country>FRANCE</Country>
<Country>Unknown</Country>
Country data are not maintained when names may change over time. These data are where the journal is published, not where the research was conducted.
Examples are:
<MedlineTA>JAMA</MedlineTA>
<MedlineTA>J Pediatr</MedlineTA>
<MedlineTA>J Comp Physiol B</MedlineTA>
<MedlineTA>Ann Biol Clin (Paris)</MedlineTA>
Information about journals cited in MEDLINE, including the complete title of the journal, is found in:
The LocatorPlus accession number for the Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases is 100893704 and the MEDLINE records contain:
<NlmUniqueID>100893704</NlmUniqueID>.
The LocatorPlus accession number for Sicilia Sanitaria is 20740130R and the MEDLINE records contain: <NlmUniqueID>20740130R</NlmUniqueID>.
<RegistryNumber> contains the unique 5 to 9 digit number in hyphenated format assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to specific chemical substances; for enzymes, the E.C. number derived from Enzyme Nomenclature is placed in this element. A zero (0) is a valid value when an actual number cannot be located or is not yet available.
<NameOfSubstance> is the name of the substance that the registry number or the E.C. number identifies. The MeSH Vocabulary database that contains all <NameOfSubstance> values with their descriptions may be downloaded from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh. These records are of two types: 1) Supplementary Concept Records in the MeSH file, identified with a Record Type of C, or 2) MeSH Category D descriptors identified with a Record Type of D and a tree number that begins with D.
An example of a chemical list is:
<Chemical List>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>69-93-2</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance>Uric Acid</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistyNumber>6964-20-1</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance>tiadenol</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>EC 3.1.1.34</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance>Lipoprotein Lipase</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>EC 3.5.2.6</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance>beta-Lactamases</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
The value is true at the time the record was created; if the status of a journal changes, the value on the MEDLINE record does not change.
The values and their definitions for <CitationSubset> are as follows. Note that several are closed subsets no longer being assigned to current data):
AIM = citations from Abridged Index Medicus journals, a list of about 120 core clinical, English language journals.
B = citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field of biotechnology (not currently used).
C = citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field of communication disorders (not currently used).
D = citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field of dentistry; these citations appeared in Index to Dental Literature.
E = citations in the field of bioethics. (includes records from the former BIOETHICS database)
F = older citations from one journal prior to its selection for Index Medicus; used to augment the database for NLM's International MEDLARS Centers (not currently used)
H = citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field of health administration. (includes records from the former HealthSTAR database)
IM = citations from Index Medicus journals.
J = citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field of population information. (not currently used; on records from the former POPLINE® database)
K = citations from non-Index Medicus journals relating to consumer health.
N = citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field of nursing; these citations appeared in the International Nursing Index.
R = citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field of population and reproduction; these citations appeared in Population Sciences (not currently used).
Q = citations in the field of the history of medicine. (includes records from the former HISTLINE® database)
QO is subset of Q - indicates older history of medicine journal citations that were created before the former HISTLINE file was converted to a MEDLINE-like format. (For NLM use because they require special handling at NLM).
S = citations in the field of space life sciences. (includes records from the former SPACELINE™ database)
T = citations from non-Index Medicus journals in the field of health technology assessment. (includes records from the former HealthSTAR database)
X = citations in the field of AIDS/HIV. (includes records from the former AIDSLINE® database)
Examples are:
<CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<CitationSubset>X</CitationSubset>
Each of the <CommentsCorrections> elements above will have an associated <RefSource>, usually the associated <PMID>, and possibly a clarifying <Note>.
<RefSource> contains the citation of the associated record.
<PMID> contains the PMID of associated record in PubMed (if available) thus providing a link between an article and its related comments, published errata, republished information, retractions, updates, or original articles and their patient summaries.
<Note> clarifies the data in <CommentsCorrection> and
is used infrequently. It is most often used with <ErratumIn> for corrected author names (see
<AuthorList>). Other uses of <Note> include: correction of dosage error in abstract (with <ErratumIn>), and clarification when only
one meeting abstract covered by an 'overall' citation for the entire conference is retracted
(<RetractionOf> and <RetractedIn>).
Additional information/background:
Some <CommentCorrection> elements do not have the PMID present. For some, a PMID will never exist where there are only one-way links; for others, record maintenance must take place before NLM can supply the correct PMID and these corrected records will be eventually be distributed as Revised records. Journal title abbreviations in <CommentOn> and <CommentIn> in retrospective data through the 2000 production year end with a period whereas journal title abbreviations in other <CommentsCorrections> elements (such as <ErratumIn>) do not end with a period. This apparent discrepancy is a result of parsing the data as it moved from one field to another during conversion from the legacy system in 2000. Current data entry convention is to use a period after the journal title abbreviation. <RefSource> for <RetractionOf> and <RetractionIn> may contain author names.
See the NLM Fact Sheet "Errata, Retraction, Duplicate Publication and Comment Policy for MEDLINE®" at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/errata.html for additional information.
Examples are:
<CommentsCorrections>
<ErratumIn>
<RefSource>J Infect Dis 1998 Aug;178(2):601</RefSource>
<Note>Whitely RJ[corrected to Whitley RJ]</Note>
</ErratumIn>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections>
<ErratumIn>
<RefSource>Eur Respir J 2002 Feb;19(2):384</RefSource>
<Note>Correction of dosage error in abstract.</Note>
</ErratumIn>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections>
<RetractionOf>
<RefSource>Gut. 2001 Mar;48 Suppl 1:A1-124</RefSource>
<PMID>11286195</PMID>
<Note>abstract no. 071 only</Note>
</RetractionOf>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections>
<RetractionIn>
<RefSource>Gut. 2001 Jun;48(6):873</RefSource>
<PMID>11411464</PMID>
<Note>abstract no. 071 only</Note>
</RetractionIn>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections>
<ErratumIn>
<RefSource>Mol Pharmacol 1997 Mar;51(3):533</RefSource>
</ErratumIn>
<RetractionIn>
<RefSource>Wu D, Yang CM, Lau YT, Chen JC. Mol Pharmacol. 1998 Feb;53(2):346</RefSource>
</RetractionIn>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections>
<SummaryForPatientsIn>
<RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jun 18;136(12):I-56</RefSource>
<PMID>12069573</PMID>
</SummaryForPatientsIn>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections>
<OriginalReportIn>
<RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jun 18;136(12):884-7</RefSource>
<PMID>12069562</PMID>
</OriginalReportIn>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections>
<CommentOn>
<RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2001 Apr 17;134(8):663-94</RefSource>
<PMID>11304107</PMID>
</CommentOn>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections>
<CommentIn>
<RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jun 18;136(12):926-7; discussion 926-7</RefSource>
<PMID>12069567</PMID>
</CommentIn>
<CommentIn>
<RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jun 18;136(12):926-7; discussion 926-7</RefSource>
<PMID>12069568</PMID>
</CommentIn>
</CommentsCorrections>
The following is how NLM uses the data in these elements for display purposes after the source pagination: For each <CommentsCorrections> element which exists in the record, take the tag name and make it a constant label: for example: <RetractionIn> would produce the label 'Retraction in:' (a space is entered between the two words on the tag label and only the first word has an initial capital letter). Follow each label with a colon, space, and the content of the associated <RefSource> tag, then the contents of the associated <Note>, if present. Exception to the Label rule: Instead of the label 'Republished in:' and similarly for <RepublishedFrom>, create 'Corrected and republished from:'. If multiple occurrences exist on a label, repeat literal label and separate with a period, space.
Examples are:
Retraction in: Gut. 2001 Jun;48(6):873. abstract no. 071 only
Retraction in: Wu D, Yang CM, Lau YT, Chen JC. Mol Pharmacol. 1998 Feb;53(2):346
Original report in: Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jun 18;136(12):884-7
Examples are:
<GeneSymbolList>
<GeneSymbol>pyrB</GeneSymbol>
<GeneSymbol>Ghox-lab</GeneSymbol>
<GeneSymbol>pulC</GeneSymbol>
</GeneSymbolList>
Additional information/background:
In the gene symbol field, SGML is used to designate Greek characters, superscripts, and subscripts that may appear as part of the gene symbol. The ampersand (&) and semicolon (;) are the respective beginning and ending delimiters for Greek characters with specified alphabetic codes to designate the appropriate letter and whether it is upper or lower case. The less than/greater than signs are used to define superscripted and subscripted regions. The beginning of a super-scripted region will be designated <up> while </up> signal its end. Similarly, <down> indicates the beginning of a sub-scripted region; while </down> indicates the end. A table, originally published on page 32 of the Sep - Oct 1990 NLM Technical Bulletin, displays the code designations for the Greek characters and may be found at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/license/greek_symbol.html.
The MajorTopic attribute for <DescriptorName> is set to Y (for YES) when the MeSH Heading alone is a central concept of the article (without a QualifierName).
<QualifierName>, along with its MajorTopic attribute indicates when the combination of that <QualifierName> with its associated <DescriptorName > is a central concept of the article. Qualifiers are also known as subheadings.
The presentation of <DescriptorName> is alphabetical. The <QualifierName> associated with a <DescriptorName> is also in alphabetical order, disregarding presence of the MajorTopic attribute.
Examples are:
<MeshHeadingList>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">Cardiovascular Diseases</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName MajorTopicYN="Y">mortality</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">English Abstract</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">Fetal Growth Retardation</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName MajorTopicYN="Y">physiopathology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">Human</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
In the above example, the mortality aspect of cardiovascular diseases and the physiopathology aspect of fetal growth retardation are the central concepts of the article. Note that the MeSH Heading English Abstract (also present in above example) means that a substantive English language abstract is present in the journal or written by one of NLM's collaborating data producers. The abstract may or may not be present in the MEDLINE citation as the input policy changed over the years. There are many older non-English language citations without abstracts in MEDLINE but with the MeSH Heading English Abstract; this indicates that an English abstract is present in the journal, even if not a part of the online record.
<MeshHeadingList>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">Animal</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">Dogs</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y">Myocardial Contraction</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">Myocardium</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y">Oxygen Consumption</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N">Surface Tension</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
In the above example, myocardial contraction, the metabolism aspect of myocardium, and oxygen consumption are the central concepts of the article.
An example is:
<NumberOfReferences>21</NumberOfReferences>
Additional information/background:
When collaborating partners recorded the number of references for non-review articles, these data are found in the <GeneralNotes> element.
An example is:
<PersonalNameSubjectList>
<PersonalNameSubject>
<LastName>Koop</LastName>
<ForeName>C Everett</ForeName>
<Initials>CE</Initials>
</PersonalNameSubject>
</PersonalNameSubjectList>
Additional information/background:
An anonymous biography or obituary has the person's name in this element but the <AuthorList> is absent.
The element <OtherID> has one or more of the Source attributes identifying the collaborating partner listed below. Some of the values on this list currently are not in use at this time and some may never be used.
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
KIE - Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University
PIP - Population Information Program, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health; not currently used
POP - former NLM POPLINE database; not currently used
ARPL - Annual Review of Population Law; not currently used
CPC - Carolina Population Center; not currently used
IND - Population Index; not currently used
CPFH - Center for Population and Family Health Library/Information Program; not currently used
CLML - Current List of Medical Literature; reserved for future use
IM - Index Medicus; reserved for future use (intended for pre-1966 publications)
SGC - Surgeon General's Catalog; reserved for future use
NCT - National Clinical Trials; reserved for future use
NRCBL - National Reference Center for Biomedical Literature (for the KIE Reference Library shelving location)
Examples are:
<OtherID Source="KIE">101133</OtherID>
<OtherID Source="NRCBL">14.1</OtherID>
The element <OtherAbstract> can have one or more of the Type attributes listed below:
AAMC - American Association of Medical Colleges; not currently used
AIDS - Special HIV/AIDS publications with abstracts written by someone other than the author
KIE - Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University
PIP - Population Information Program, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Consumer - Abstracts written for consumers; reserved for future use
Examples:
<KeywordList Owner="NASA">
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">NASA Discipline Space Human Factors</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Non-NASA Center</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
<KeywordList Owner="KIE">
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Birth Rate</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Doe v. Bolton</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Empirical Approach</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">New York</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Roe v. Wade</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">United States</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
Examples are:
<SpaceFlightMission>Flight Experiment</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>STS Shuttle Project</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>manned</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>short duration</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>Biosatellite 2 Project</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>Flight Experiment</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>Project Gemini 11</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>manned</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>short duration</SpaceFlightMission>
<SpaceFlightMission>unmanned</SpaceFlightMission>
An example is:
<InvestigatorList>
<Investigator>
<LastName>Mortley</LastName>
<ForeName>D G</ForeName>
<Initials>DG</Initials>
<Affiliation>Tuskegee U, AL</Affiliation>
</Investigator>
</InvestigatorList>
<GeneralNote> can have one or more of the Owner attributes listed below, although some are not currently in use and some may never be used:
NLM - National Library of Medicine; not used
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PIP - Population Information Program; Johns Hopkins School of Health
KIE - Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University
HSR - National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care Technology, National Library of Medicine
HMD - History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine
SIS - Division of Specialized Information Services, National Library of Medicine; not used
NOTNLM - not used by NLM; reserved for use by licensees
Examples are:
<GeneralNote Owner="KIE">42 refs.</GeneralNote>
<GeneralNote Owner="KIE">Approved by the ACP Board of Regents on 23 Mar 1992 and by the IDSA Council on 21 Mar 1993.</GeneralNote>
<GeneralNote Owner="KIE">Adopted by the APHA Governing Council 3 Oct 1990.</GeneralNote>
<GeneralNote Owner="KIE">KIE BoB Subject Heading: INFORMED CONSENT/INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS/MENTALLY ILL </GeneralNote>
<GeneralNote Owner="KIE">KIE Bib: allowing to die/legal aspects; euthanasia/legal aspects; suicide</GeneralNote>
**Note: BoB Subject Headings are controlled subject vocabulary terms found in the Kennedy Institute of Ethics' Bioethics Thesaurus under which citations print in their publication, Bibliography of Bioethics. The current format of these data in MEDLINE is reflected in the second example beginning with "KIE Bib".
<GeneralNote Owner="KIE">118 fn.</GeneralNote>
**Note: "fn" is an abbreviation for "footnotes"
<GeneralNote Owner="KIE">Full author name: Weber, James</GeneralNote>
<GeneralNote Owner="KIE">Broden, Melodie S; Agresti, Albert A</GeneralNote
<GeneralNote Owner="NASA">Grant numbers: NSG 155-61, NAS-95637.</GeneralNote>
Coverage deletes: Most of the citation data in PubMed is submitted to NLM electronically by journal publishers. The publishers are instructed not to submit certain types of records because they are not covered by MEDLINE or PubMed. Examples of these are: book reviews, software or equipment reviews, announcements, erratum notices without additional substantive content, and papers to appear in forthcoming issues. Contrary to instructions, publishers do sometimes submit citations outside of NLM's coverage which are distributed to licensees in In-Data-Review status. As a result of routine checks, these record types are subsequently discovered and deleted.
Duplicate deletes: Publishers may accidentally submit citations that they have already submitted, or new records can otherwise be created for already existing citations, creating duplicate records which are also deleted as soon as they are discovered. Occasionally a publisher submits an issue electronically using incorrect volume, issue, or publication date data. These incorrect files are often deleted and resent correctly later rather than NLM trying to edit the files.
CREATION OF JOURNAL SOURCE AT NLM
NLM concatenates the following elements to create the journal source:
<MedlineTA>. < PubDate>;<Volume>(<Issue>):<Pagination>.
In addition, various combinations of the attributes associated with <JournalIssue> and <ElectronicPubDate> elements are used to indicate whether the PubDate displayed in the source represents a print or an electronic publication date, and whether or not an additional Epub or Print publication date notation is needed at the end of the source.
Note there is a space after <MedlineTA>. The punctuation marks (periods, semicolon, and colon) are not found in the elements themselves as physical data but are added for display purposes by programming in NLM's search interface(s). NLM follows the national standard for the formatting of citations for display (American National Standard for Bibliographic References ANSI Z39.29-1977, developed and maintained by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO, Z39)).
Examples from NLM's PubMed summary display are:
Dermatol Surg. 2002 Oct;28(10):959-61.
J Foot Ankle Surg. 2002 Sep-Oct;41(5):320-7.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Nov;47(5 Suppl):S263-5.
Health Serv J. 2002 Nov 28;112(5833):27-9.
Lancet. 2002 Dec 21-28;360(9350):2049-50.
Nurs Times. 2002 Nov 26-Dec 2;98(48):52-3.
Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv. 2002;15(6-7):303-10.
Mol Vis. 2002 Dec 20;8:483-93.
Dev Ophthalmol. 2003;36:50-5.
Health Care Financ Rev. 2000 Winter;22(2):189.
N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 19;347(25):2082-3; author reply 2082-3.
Health Serv Res. 2002 Oct;37(5):xv-xxvi.
Am Fam Physician. 2002 Nov 15;66(10):2008, 2010, 2013.
Soins. 2002 Nov;(670):47-9.
Surg Endosc. 2000 Jan;14(1):86. Epub 1999 Nov 25.
Sci Aging Knowledge Environ. 2004 Jan 28;2004(4):nf13.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Jan 15;32(1):e14.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Jan 16;32(1):380-5. Print 2004.
ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Refer to NLM's web page for prospective licensees at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/leased.html and the page for existing licensees at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/licensee.html. These pages contain links to items including:
* the standard License and non U.S. research-only License and the Intended Use Worksheet required for leasing MEDLINE and other NLM databases
* instructions on how to lease MEDLINE and other databases from NLM
* DTDs and sample MEDLINE and other database records
* specifications of DLT tape used to distribute the baseline MEDLINE file each winter as alternative to ftp
* annual MEDLINE baseline database documentation
* MEDLINE maintenance overview
* the MEDLINE character set and the MEDLINE language table
* Update/Documentation Chart for a summary of the content of the daily MEDLINE update files via ftp
* announcements to licensees
* information about journals indexed in MEDINE
NLM's MEDLINE fact sheet is available at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/medline.html. Many NLM databases are trademarked - see the National Library of Medicine Trademarks Fact Sheet.
Last updated: 08 October 2004
First published: 24 Febuary 2003
Metadata| Permanence level: Permanence Not Guaranteed