Table Notes 
The annual report, Research and Development in Industry: 1997, will be published later this year on the World Wide Web (WWW) and in paper form. To provide data users with the most timely statistics possible, this set of tables is being made available while the electronic posting for the WWW and the printed report are being prepared. The statistics in the tables are final and generally will not be revised when published on the WWW and in the printed report unless problems are found that warrant revision. Only changes in format will be made to conform with publication guidelines and practices.
These tables provide statistics on research and development (R&D;) funding for the years 1987-97 and on R&D; personnel for the period from January 1988 to January 1998. The statistics are produced with results from the annual Survey of Industrial Research and Development and provide national estimates of the total expenditures on R&D; performed within the United States by industrial firms, whether U.S. or foreign owned. It is a sample survey that intends to include or represent all R&D-performing; companies, either publicly or privately held.
Every year a survey questionnaire is sent to all companies that spend more than $5 million annually on R&D; in the United States. The level of R&D; performance is determined by using information from previous surveys or other sources. Remaining firms are subjected to probability sampling and may not receive a questionnaire for a given survey year.
Industry statistics are developed from data collected from individual companies or enterprises. Since the survey is enterprise based rather than establishment based, all data collected for the various subparts of each enterprise (plants, divisions, or subdivisions) are tabulated in the major standard industrial classification (SIC) of the company. The resulting industry estimates are reported using the SIC of the companies within each industry. National totals are estimated by summing the industry estimates.
Several changes have been made to the survey recently that are of special importance to users of these tables. Prior to the 1992 survey, statistics were based on samples selected at irregular intervals (i.e., 1967, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1987). In intervening years, a subset of the last sample (called a panel) was used. The most recent sample prior to the 1992 survey was for survey year 1987. Original estimates for 1988 through 1991 were based on surveys of approximately 1,700 panel companies that reported R&D; activity in the 1987 survey. Beginning with the 1992 survey, statistics are based on samples selected annually. Also, beginning with the 1992 survey, the sample size was increased from approximately 14,000 to nearly 25,000 firms to account better for births of R&D-performing; establishments; to more fully and accurately survey R&D; performed by firms classified in the nonmanufacturing industries; and to gather more current information about potential R&D; performers.
The Bureau of the Census, U. S. Department of Commerce, has conducted the Survey of Industrial Research and Development for the National Science Foundation (NSF) since 1957. Census staff conduct the survey under Title 13 of the United States Code, which prohibits publication or release of data or statistics that may reveal information about individual companies. Therefore, in some tables the symbol (D) is used as a footnote reference to indicate that estimates are being withheld to avoid possible disclosure of information about operations of individual companies.
In addition to the tables containing statistics developed from the survey data, the annual report will contain detailed information about the history of the survey, survey methodology, comparability of the statistics, and survey definitions. Survey questionnaires, instructions, and other survey documents will be reproduced also. Specific questions regarding the survey may be directed to:
Raymond Wolfe
Research and Development Statistics Program
Division of Science Resources Studies
National Science Foundation
4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965
Arlington, VA 22230
(703) 306-1772 x6936,
via e-mail at rwolfe@nsf.gov
List of Tables
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| Table |
Total Funds for Research
and Development
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| A-1 | Trends in industrial R&D; performance, by source of funds, in current and constant dollars: 1953-97 |
| A-2 | Summary data for R&D-performing; companies, by detailed industry and size of company: 1996-97 |
| A-3 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-4 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry and size of company: 1997 |
| A-5 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry, size of company, and size of R&D; program: 1997 |
| A-6 | Number of R&D-performing; companies, by industry, size of company, and size of R&D; program: 1997 |
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Table
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Company and Other (Except
Federal) Funds for Research and Development
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| A-7 | Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-8 | Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry and size of company: 1997 |
| A-9 | Company-financed industrial R&D; contracted to outside organizations, by industry and size of company: 1991, 1993-97 |
| A-10 | Number of R&D-performing; companies contracting company-financed industrial R&D; performance to outside organizations and total number of R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1997 |
| A-11 | Company-financed industrial R&D; performed outside the United States by U.S. R&D-performing; domestic companies and their foreign subsidiaries, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-12 | Company-financed industrial R&D; performed outside the United States by U.S. R&D-performing; domestic companies and their foreign subsidiaries, by country: 1997 |
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Table
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Federal Funds for Research
and Development
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| A-13 | Federal funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-14 | Federal funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry and size of company: 1997 |
| A-15 | Federal funds for industrial R&D; performance, by agency and selected industry in selected years: 1974-97 |
| A-16 | Number of R&D-performing; companies reporting Federal R&D; funds and total number of R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1997 |
| A-17 | Industry-administered federally funded R&D; centers (FFRDC's)-funds by character of work, full-time-equivalent (FTE) R&D; scientists and engineers, and total number of employees: 1987-97 |
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Table
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R&D Funds by Size of
Company and as a Percent of Net Sales
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| A-18 | Number of R&D-performing; companies in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, by size of company: 1997 |
| A-19 | Concentration of total, Federal, and company and other industrial R&D; funds and net sales of R&D-performing; companies, by size of R&D; program: 1987-97 |
| A-20 | Domestic net sales of R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1996-97 |
| A-21 | Total (company, Federal, and other) industrial R&D; funds as a percent of net sales in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-22 | Company and other (except Federal) industrial R&D; funds as a percent of net sales in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-23 | Total (company, Federal, and other) industrial R&D; funds as a percent of net sales in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and ranked by size of R&D; program: 1997 |
| A-24 | Company and other (except Federal) industrial R&D; funds as a percent of net sales in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and ranked by size of company-financed R&D; program: 1997 |
| A-25 | Federal industrial R&D; funds as a percent of net sales in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and ranked by size of federally financed R&D; program: 1997 |
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Table
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Funds for Basic Research,
Applied Research, and Development
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| A-26 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-97 |
| A-27 | Company and other (except Federal) funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-97 |
| A-28 | Federal funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development, in current and in constant dollars: 1953-97 |
| A-29 | Funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1995 |
| A-30 | Funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1996 |
| A-31 | Funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development, by industry and source of funds: 1997 |
| A-32 | Number of companies conducting industrial basic research and total number of R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1997 |
| A-33 | Funds for industrial applied R&D; performance, by product field and source of funds: 1997 |
| A-34 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial applied R&D; performance, by industry, size of company, and product field: 1997 |
| A-35 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial applied R&D; performance, by industry, size of company, and detailed product field: 1997 |
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Table
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Energy and Pollution Abatement
Research and Development
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| A-36 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial energy R&D; performance, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-37 | Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial energy R&D; performance, by selected industry: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-38 | Federal funds for industrial energy R&D; performance, by selected industry: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-39 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial energy R&D; performance, by primary energy source: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-40 | Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial energy R&D; performance, by primary energy source: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-41 | Federal funds for industrial energy R&D; performance, by primary energy source: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-42 | Number of companies performing industrial energy R&D; and total number of R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1997 |
| A-43 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D; performance, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-44 | Company and other (except Federal) funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D; performance, by selected industry: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-45 | Federal funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D; performance, by selected industry: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-46 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D; performance, by type of pollution: 1987-97 and projected 1998 |
| A-47 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial pollution-abatement R&D; performance, by type of pollution and source of funds: 1996-97 and projected 1998 |
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Table
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Geographic Distribution and
Distribution by Type of Cost
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| A-48 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D; performance in selected years by State: 1977-97 |
| A-49 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D; performance, by State and source of funds: 1997 |
| A-50 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry and size of company, for the U.S. and top 10 R&D-performing; States: 1997 |
| A-51 | Total (company, Federal, and other) funds for industrial R&D; performance, by industry, size of company, and type of cost: 1997 |
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Table
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Employment
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| A-52 | Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) R&D; scientists and engineers in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1987-98 |
| A-53 | Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) R&D; scientists and engineers in R&D-performing; companies, by industry, size of company, and source of R&D; funds: January 1998 |
| A-54 | Cost per R&D; scientist or engineer in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-55 | Cost per R&D; scientist or engineer in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1997 |
| A-56 | Cost per R&D; scientist or engineer in R&D-performing; companies ranked by size of R&D; program: 1987-97 |
| A-57 | Domestic employment of R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1996-97 |
| A-58 | R&D; scientists and engineers per 1,000 employees in R&D-performing; companies, by industry and size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-59 | R&D; funds per employee in R&D-performing; companies, by size of company: 1987-97 |
| A-60 | Concentration of total employment in R&D-performing; companies ranked by size of R&D; program: 1987-97 |
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Table
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| Number of companies in the target population and selected for the sample, by industry: 1997 | |
| Relative standard error of estimate (percentage) for selected items, by industry and size of company: 1997 | |
| Unit response rates-percentage of companies that responded to survey, by industry: 1997 | |
| Imputation rates for selected items, by industry: 1997 | |
| Item response rates-percentage of R&D; performing companies that responded to selected survey items: 1997 | |
| Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, funds not distributed, and percent of funds not distributed, by industry, size of company, and source of funds: 1995 | |
| Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, and development, funds not distributed, and percent of funds not distributed, by industry, size of company, and source of funds: 1996 | |
| Funds for performance of basic research, applied research, development, funds not distributed, and percent of funds not distributed, by industry, size of company, and source of funds: 1997 |
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