Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 


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Publications

Selected CDC Publications on international emergencies and refugee health 1990 to present
(Disclaimer)

Complex Emergencies
Communicable Diseases
Countries
Emergency Health Management
Mental Health in Complex Emergencies
Mental Health in Humanitarian aid workers

HIV/AIDs
Nutrition 
Water and Sanitation
War Related Injury


For full text of MMWR articles, please see CDC MMWR .
For a listing of CDC's NCEH publications and products CDC.


  Complex Emergencies

Burkholder BT, Toole MJ, Evolution of a complex emergency. Lancet. 1995;346:1012-1015.

Burkle FM, Lillibridge SR,  McGrady KA, et al. Complex emergencies: III Measures of effectiveness.  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 1995;10:48-56.

Sharp TW, Yip R, Malone JD, US military forces and emergency humanitarian assistance:  observations and recommendations from three recent missions.  JAMA 1994;272:386-390.

CDC.  Famine-affected, refugee, and displaced populations: recommendations for Public Health Issues. MMWR  1992;41:RR-13.

Oleg O. Bilukha, MD, PhD; Muireann Brennan, MD, MPH; Bradley A. Woodruff, MD, MPH. Death and Injury From Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance in Afghanistan. JAMA. 2003;290:650-653.

CDC. Landmine-Related Injuries, 1993-1996. MMWR 1997;46(31):724-726.

Toole MJ, Mass population displacement:a global public health challenge.  Infect Dis Clin North Am  1995;9:353-366.

Toole MJ, Waldman RJ, Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries. JAMA 1990;263:296-302.

Toole MJ, and Waldman RJ, Nowhere a promised land: the plight of the world's refugees.   Encyclopedia Britanica, Medical Health.  Annual:124-141, 1991.

Toole MJ, Waldman RJ,Refugees and displaced persons. JAMA 1993;270:600-605.

Toole MJ, The public health consequences of inaction: lessons learned in responding to sudden population displacements.  In: Cahill KM  The framework for survival: health, human rights, and humanitarian assistance in conflicts and disasters New York: Basic Books; 1993:144-158.

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Communicable Diseases

CDC. Cholera outbreak among Rwandan refugees -- Democratic Republic of Congo,1997.  MMWR 1998;47(19): 389-391.

Moore PS, Toole MJ, Nieburg P, et al. Surveillance and control of meningococcal meningitis epidemics in refugee populations. Bulletin World Health Organization 1990;68:587-96.

Sutter RW, Haefliger E: Tuberculosis morbidity and infection in Vietnamese in Southeast Asian refugee camps.  1990;141:1483-1486.

Cliff J, Cutts F, Waldman R, Using surveys for evaluation of diarrheal diseases control: the Mozambique example.  Journal of Health Polit Policy Law  1990;5:219-225.

Marta Valenciano, DVM, MPH, Denis Coulombier, MD, Barbara Lopes Cardozo, MD, MPH, Alessandro Colombo, MD, MSc, Mouhsen Jar Alla, MD, MPH, Samuel Samson, MD, DPM and Máire A. Connolly, BCh, MPH. Challenges for Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control in Southern Iraq, April-June 2003. JAMA. 2003;290:654-658.

Mast EE, Polish LB, Favorov MO, et al. Hepatitis E among refugees in Kenya.  In:  Kishioka K, Suzuki H, Mishiro S, Oda T, eds.  Viral hepatitis and liver disease 1994.  Tokyo:  Springer-Verlag; 1994:375-378.

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Countries

Afghanistan

Oleg O. Bilukha, MD, PhD; Muireann Brennan, MD, MPH; Bradley A. Woodruff, MD, MPH. Death and Injury From Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance in Afghanistan. JAMA. 2003;290:650-653.

Bosnia

CDC. Status of public health-- Bosnia and Herzegovina, August-September 1993.  MMWR  1993;42:973, 979-982.

Toole MJ, Galson S, Brady W, Are war and public health compatible? Lancet 1993;341:935-938.

Burundi

CDC. Morbidity and mortality surveillance in Rwandan refugees--Burundi and Zaire, 1994.  MMWR 1996;45:104-107.

CDC. International Notes Health status of displaced persons following civil war--Burundi, December 1993-January 1994.  MMWR 1994;43:701-703.

Congo

CDC. Cholera outbreak among Rwandan refugees -- Democratic Republic of Congo,1997. MMWR 1998;47(19); 389-391.

Cuba

CDC. Health status of Haitian migrants--U.S. Naval Base,Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, November 1991-April 1992.  MMWR  1993;42:138-140.

Ethiopia

CDC. Update: Health and nutritional profiles of refugees--Ethiopia, 1989-1990.  MMWR 1990;39:707.

Guinea

CDC. Update: Health and nutritional status of Liberian refugee children--Guinea.  MMWR 1991;40:13-15.

Iraq

CDC. International Notes Public health consequences of acute displacement of Iraqi citizens- -March to May, 1991. MMWR  1991;40: 443-446.

Yip R, Sharp TW Acute malnutrition and high childhood mortality related to diarrhea:  lessons from the 1991 Kurdish refugee crisis.  JAMA.  1993;270:587-590.

Mozambique

Cliff J, Cutts F, Waldman R Using surveys for evaluation of diarrheal diseases control: the Mozambique example.  J Health Polit Policy Law.  1990;5:219-225.

CDC. International Notes Outbreak of pellagra among Mozambican refugees--Malawi, 1990. MMWR 1991;40:209-13.

CDC. Mortality among newly arrived Mozambican refugees Zimbabwe and MalawiMMWR 1993;42:468-469,475-477.

Nepal

CDC: Surveillance of the health status of Bhutanese refugees--Nepal,1992.  MMWR 1993;42:14-17.

Marfin AA, Moore J, Collins C, et al. Infectious disease surveillance during emergency relief to Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. JAMA,  1994;272:377-381.

North Korea

CDC. Status of public health--Democratic People's Republic of Korea,1997. MMWR 1997;46(24); 561-56.

Somalia

CDC. Population-based mortality assessment--Baidoa and Afgoi, Somalia, 1992. MMWR;1992;41:913-917.

Hansch S, Lillibridge SR, Egeland G, Teller C, Toole MJ, Lives lost, lives saved: excess mortality and the impact of health interventions in the Somalia emergency.   Washington D.C.: Refugee Policy Group; 1994:  1-46.

Mast EE, Polish LB, Favorov MO, et al. Hepatitis E among refugees in Kenya.  In:  Kishioka K, Suzuki H, Mishiro S, Oda T, eds.  Viral hepatitis and liver disease 1994.  Tokyo:  Springer-Verlag; 1994:375-378.

Toole MJ, Military role in humanitarian relief in Somalia.  A commentary.  Lancet 1993;342:190-191.

Sudan

CDC. Nutrition and mortality assessment -- Southern Sudan, March 1993. MMWR 1993;42:304-308.

CDC. Implementation of health initiatives during a cease-fire--Sudan,1995.  MMWR.  1995;44:433-436.

Herwaldt B, Bassett D, Yip R, Alonso CR, Toole M, Crisis in southern Sudan: Where is the world?  Lancet.  1993;342:119.

Thailand

Sutter RW, Haefliger E, Tuberculosis morbidity and infection in Vietnamese in Southeast Asian refugee camps. 1990;141:1483-1486.

Zaire

Goma Epidemiology Group.  Public health impact of Rwandan refugee crisis. What happened in Goma, Zaire, in July 1994? Lancet  1995;345:339-343.

CDC. Morbidity and mortality surveillance in Rwandan refugees--Burundi and Zaire, 1994.  MMWR 1996;45:104-107.

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Emergency Health Management

Brennan R, Keim M, Sharp T, et al.  Medical and Public Health Services at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games: an overview.  Medical Journal of Australia  1997; 167:595-598.

 

Keim M, Williams D.  Hospital Use by Olympic Athletes during the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games  Medical Journal of Australia 1997; 167: 603-605.

 

            Sharp T, Brennan R, Keim M, et al.   Medical Preparedness for a Terrorist Incident during the Atlanta Olympics.  Annals of Emergency Medicine  August 1998; Vol 32 No.2: 214-223. 

 

Keim M, Kaufmann A, Rodgers G.   Recommendations for Office of Emergency Preparedness / CDC Surveillance, Laboratory and Informational Support Initiative  National Center for Environmental Health / CDC  & US Office of Emergency Preparedness/USPHS Intergovernmental Research Project          September  1997 - April 1998.

 

Keim M, Bartfield J, Raccio-Robak N, et al.   Accuracy of an Enzymatic Assay Device for Serum Ethanol Measurement   Journal of  Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology 1999;  37(1), 75-81       

                                                           

Pesik N, Keim M.   Do Emergency Medicine Residency Training Programs Provide Adequate Training for Bioterrorism?  Annals of Emergency Medicine August 1999; 34(2):173-176.

 

Keim, M, Kaufmann A.   Principles of Emergency Response to Bioterrorism  Annals of Emergency Medicine August 1999; 34(2):177-182.

 

Pesik N, Keim M, Iserson K..   Terrorism and the Ethics of Emergency Medical Care   Annals of Emergency Medicine  June 2001; 37(6): 642-646.

 

Sauer S, Keim M   Hydroxocobalamin: Improved Public Health Readiness for Cyanide Disasters  Annals of Emergency Medicine  June 2001; 37(6): 635-641.

 

Keim M, Rhyne G.  The Pacific Emergency Health Initiative: a pilot study of emergency preparedness in Oceania.  Australian Journal of Emergency Medicine  June 2001; (13): 157-164.

 

Clack Z, Keim M, MacIntyre A, Yeskey K.  Emergency Health and Risk Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: A lesson from the embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya.  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2002; 17(2): 59-66.

 

Keim M. Preparing for Pacific Prosperity or disaster.  (Editorial) Pacific Health Dialog March 2003; (9)1: 4-5.

 

Cleveland K, Keim M, Rich W, Rhyne G.  Pilot workshops at the Palau Center for Emergency Health.. Pacific Health Dialog March 2003; (9)1: 7-10.

 

Keim M.  A tool for rapid qualitative assessment of hospital-based emergency medical services among developing health sectors. Pacific Health Dialog March 2003; (9)1: 48-54.

 

Keim M. Using a community-based approach for prevention and mitigation of national health emergencies. Pacific Health Dialog March 2003; (9)1: 93-6.

 

Keim M.  Logistical considerations for emergency response resources.  Pacific Health Dialog March 2003; (9)1: 97-103.

 

Keim M.  Key topics for emergency health education in the Pacific. Pacific Health Dialog March 2003; (9)1: 104-8.

 

Keim M.  Developing a public health emergency operations plan: a primer. Pacific Health Dialog March 2003; (9)1: 124-9.

 

Keim M.  History of the Pacific Emergency Health Initiative.  Pacific Health Dialog March 2003; (9)1: 146-9.

  

Keim M, Pesik N, Twum-Danso N. Lack of Hospital Preparedness for Chemical Terrorism in a Major US City: 1996-2000.  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2003; 18(3): 193-199.

 

 

BOOK CHAPTERS

 

Keim M, Intentional Chemical Disasters, Disaster Medicine, Eds:. D.Hogan and J Burstein, Publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, August 2002

               

SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

Keim M, Managing Health in Disasters, Lancet 2003; (362): 2029

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HIV/AIDs

Salama P, Dondero T. HIV surveillance in complex emergencies. AIDS 2001; 15 (suppl 3): S4-S12.

McGinn T, Purdin S, Krause S, Jones RK. Forced migration and transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: policy and programmatic responses. Available at
http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite.jsp?page=kb-08-01-08#S1X, 2001.

Khaw AJ, Salama P, Burkholder B, Dondero T.J. HIV risk and prevention in emergency-affected populations: a review.  Disasters 2000; 24(3): 181-97

Hankins CA, Friedman, SR, Zafar T, Strathdee SA. Transmission and prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in war settings: implications for current and future armed conflicts. AIDS 2002; 16(17): 2245-52

Kaiser R, Spiegel P, Salama P, Brady W, Bell E, Bond K, Downer M. HIV/AIDS seroprevalence and behavioral risk factor survey in Sierra Leone, April 2002. Report, CDC Atlanta, April 2003.

Mental Health
 
 In complex emergencies

Barbara Lopes Cardozo, Reinhard Kaiser, Carol A. Gotway, Ferid Agani. Mental health, social functioning and feelings of hatred and revenge of Kosovar Albanians one year after the war in Kosovo. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 4, August 2003, pp 351-360.

Miriam Sabin, Barbara Lopes Cardozo, Larry Nackerud, Reinhard Kaiser, Luis Varese. Guatemalan refugees twenty years later: Factors associated with poor mental health outcomes. In press JAMA Aug. 2003

Barbara Lopes Cardozo, Leisel Talley, Ann Burton, Carol Crawford. Karenni refugees living in Thai-Burmese border camps: mental health outcomes, cross-cultural factors and landmine injuries. In press Social Science and Medicine, 2003.

Barbara Lopes Cardozo, Alfredo Vergara, Ferid Agani, Carol A. Gotway. Mental health, social functioning and attitudes of Kosovar Albanians following the war in Kosovo. JAMA, August 2000- Vol.284, No. 5., 569-577.

  Humanitarian aid workers

Lopes Cardozo B, Salama P. Mental health of humanitarian aid workers in complex emergencies. In: Danieli Y, editor. Sharing the front line and the back hills: international protectors and providers: peacekeepers, humanitarian aid workers and the media in the midst of crisis. Amityville (NY): Baywood Publishing; 2001. p. 242-55.

Tim Holtz, Peter Salama, Barbara Lopes Cardozo, Carol A. Gotway. Mental Health Status of Human Rights Workers, Kosovo, June 2000. Journal of Traumatic Stress, Volume 15, Oct. 2002.p. 389-395


Nutrition

Bhatia R, Toole M, Nutritional problems among refugee populations. In:Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress, World Federation of Public Health Associations, November 10-14, 1991, Atlanta, Georgia.  Washington D.C.: World Federation of Public Health Associations; 1990: 90-92.

CDC. Outbreak of pellagra among Mozambican refugees-- Malawi, 1990. MMWR 1991;40:209-13.

Toole MJ, Nieburg P, Waldman RJ, Association between inadequate rations, undernutrition prevalence and mortality in refugee camps. Journal of Tropical Pediatn.  1990;34:218-224.

CDC. Nutritional needs surveys among the elderly -- Russia and Armenia, 1992. MMWR   1992;41:809-810.

Yip R, Sharp TW, Acute malnutrition and high childhood mortality related to diarrhea:lessons from the 1991 Kurdish refugee crisis. JAMA.  1993;270:587-590.

CDC. Nutrition and mortality assessment -- Southern Sudan, March 1993. MMWR 1993;42:304-308.

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Water and Sanitation

Chartier W, Malenga G, Roberts L, UNHCR improved water container study final report.   Malawi: (Not published but available from CDC). 1993.

War Related Injury

Oleg O. Bilukha, MD, PhD; Muireann Brennan, MD, MPH; Bradley A. Woodruff, MD, MPH. Death and Injury From Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance in Afghanistan. JAMA. 2003;290:650-653.

CDC. Landmine-Related Injuries, 1993-1996. MMWR 1997;46(31):724-726.

 

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