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What Is It? The diaphragm is a dome-shaped bowl made of thin, flexible rubber that sits over the cervix (the area between the vagina and the uterus). How Does It Work?  The
diaphragm keeps sperm from entering the uterus by blocking the cervix. For added
protection, spermicide
is put into the bowl of the diaphragm and along its edges before inserting the
diaphragm high into the vagina so it covers the cervix.
The diaphragm is inserted up to 6 hours before having sex. More spermicide must be used for each time you have sex while wearing the diaphragm. After sex, it must be left in for at least 6 hours, but no longer than 24 hours. The diaphragm can be removed by placing a finger into the vagina to pull it out. After each time the diaphragm is removed, it must be washed, rinsed, and dried, then stored in its case. It should not be dusted with baby powder and should never be used with oil-based lubricants such as mineral oil, petroleum jelly, or baby oil. These substances can cause the rubber to become brittle and crack. Other vaginal creams, such as yeast medicines, can also damage the rubber. How Well Does It Work? Over the course of 1 year, 16 out of 100 typical couples who rely on the diaphragm to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. Of course, these are average figures and the chance of getting pregnant depends on whether you use this method correctly and every time you have sex. In general, how well each type of birth control method works depends on a lot of things. These include whether a person has any health conditions or is taking any medications that might interfere with its use. It also depends on whether the method chosen is convenient - and whether the person remembers to use it correctly all the time. Protection Against STDs The diaphragm does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). For those having sex, condoms must always be used along with the diaphragm to protect against STDs. Possible Side Effects Most women who use a diaphragm have no problems. The side effects that some women have include:
Who Uses It? In addition, the diaphragm is good for anyone who wants to have sex during her period - the diaphragm catches the blood before it leaves the vagina. The diaphragm isn't good for anyone who is uncomfortable or uneasy with the thought of reaching into her own vagina. How Do You Get It? A doctor must fit a patient with a diaphragm. During a pelvic exam the doctor will measure your vagina and then determine which size of diaphragm is right for you. The doctor or nurse will then teach you how to insert and remove the diaphragm. Some doctors may even ask you to practice at home and then come in while wearing the diaphragm to check that you've done it right. A diaphragm that's inserted incorrectly can result in pregnancy. During your annual exam, the doctor will check that your diaphragm still fits correctly. Your diaphragm may not fit correctly if you have gained or lost 10 pounds, had a baby, had an abortion, or were fitted when you were a virgin and are now having sex. How Much Does It Cost? A diaphragm usually costs about $30 to $40 and should be replaced every 2 years. There is also the cost of the doctor's visit and a fitting fee. Many health insurance plans cover these costs and family planning clinics (such as Planned Parenthood) charge much less. In addition, the cost of spermicide is about 25 cents per use. Remember, abstinence (the decision to not have sex) is the only method that always prevents pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Updated and reviewed by: George A. Macones,
MD
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