Salmonellosis

  Surveillance | MMWR Articles | Links | References

Surveillance CDC currently has six surveillance systems for obtaining information about Salmonella. They serve different purposes and provide information on various features of the organism's epidemiology, such as number of outbreaks, antimicrobial-resistant infections, or subtypes. Public Health Laboratory Information System (PHLIS) PHLIS is a passive, laboratory-based surveillance system that collects data about many infections, including Salmonella. Reporting is limited to illnesses that are confirmed by culture and verified at the state public health laboratory. After verification, information about the infection is reported electronically to CDC by the state http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/phlisdata. Annual summaries of the PHLIS Salmonella surveillance data can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/phlisdata/salmonella.htm. National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS) NETSS is a passive, physician-based surveillance system that captures both laboratory-confirmed and clinically suspected cases of all nationally notifiable diseases, including Salmonella. The number of illnesses reported through NETSS tends to be higher than the number reported through PHLIS because NETSS does not require confirmation by the state public health laboratory. More information on NETSS can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphsi/netss.htm Salmonella infections and other surveillance data collected by NETSS is published weekly in the CDC Morbidity and Mortality Report (MMWR) and can be found at http://www2.cdc.gov/mmwr The MMWR also publishes an annual summary of the NETSS Salmonella surveillance data; this information can be found at http://www2.cdc.gov/mmwr/summary.html. FoodNet The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) is an active surveillance system for identifying and characterizing culture-confirmed infections that may be foodborne, including Salmonella. FoodNet workers regularly contact more than 300 laboratories for confirmed cases of foodborne infections in several states encompassing a population of more than 25 million persons. In addition to monitoring the number of Salmonella infections, investigators monitor laboratory techniques for isolation of bacteria, perform case-control studies of ill persons to determine foods associated with illness, and administer questionnaires to people living in FoodNet sites to better understand trends in the eating habits of Americans. Annual FoodNet reports that include data about Salmonella can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/annuals.htm More information on FoodNet can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/. National Molecular Subtyping Network for Foodborne Diseases Surveillance (PulseNet ) PulseNet is a national network of public health laboratories that perform pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), a type of DNA "fingerprinting", on certain foodborne bacteria, including Salmonella. PFGE "fingerprint" patterns are submitted electronically to CDC and can be compared rapidly with others in a large database. This system can help determine if individual infections are related or if an outbreak is occurring. PulseNet is not a surveillance system itself but a laboratory subtyping method used in surveillance. More information on PulseNet can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/pulsenet. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) NARMS is a passive surveillance system that monitors antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and selected other bacteria that cause human illness. NARMS is a collaboration between CDC, 16 state and local health departments, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the United States Agricultural Department (USDA). More information on NARMS can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/narms. Foodborne Outbreak Detection Unit CDC monitors outbreaks of foodborne disease, including outbreaks caused by Salmonella. Each year, state and territorial epidemiologists voluntarily (passively) report the results of outbreak investigations to CDC. While outbreaks account for a small percentage of the total number of illnesses that occur each year, these investigations provide valuable information about sources of foodborne infection and often highlight important prevention opportunities. The latest summaries of foodborne outbreaks can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4901a1.htm. MMWR Articles Salmonella Serotype Montevideo Infections Associated with Chicks - Idaho, Washington, and Oregon March 21, 1997 / Vol. 46 / No. 11 Reptile-Associated Salmonellosis - Selected States, 1994-1995 MMWR May 5, 1995 / Vol. 44 / No. 17 Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis - Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, 1994 MMWR October 14, 1994 / Vol. 43 / No. 40 Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis Associated with Homemade Ice Cream - Florida, 1993 MMWR September 16, 1994 / Vol. 43 / No. 36 Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis Gastroenteritis - California, 1993 MMWR October 22, 1993 / Vol. 42 / No. 41 Links PHLIS Data FoodNet References Olsen SJ, Bishop R, Brenner FW, et al. The changing epidemiology of Salmonella: trends in serotypes isolated from humans in the U.S., 1987-1997. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 756-761. CDC. Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illness--selected sites, United States, 2001. MMWR 2002; 51: 325-329. CDC. Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infection associated with eating shell eggs -- United States, 1999-2001. MMWR 2003; 51: 1149-1152. CDC. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Newport--United States, January-April 2002. MMWR 2002; 51: 545-548.

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