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Tobacco Industry Marketing
Fact sheet
February 2004
Tobacco Industry Marketing Expenditures
- In 2001, cigarette companies spent $11.2 billion, or more than $30 million per day, on advertising and promotional expenses.1 This amounted to more than $39 for every person in the United States,1,2 or $241 for each adult smoker,1,3 and was a 17% increase over the previous year.1 Tobacco industry advertising and promotional expenditures nearly doubled since 1997.1
- The five highest making expenditure categories are 1) retail value-added promotions, such as "buy one pack, get one free" ($4.8 billion or 43% of all expenditures); 2) promotional allowances, such as payments to retailers for displays ($4.5 billion or 40%); 3) coupons ($602 million or 5%); 4) speciality item distribution ($333 million or 3%); and 5) public entertainment ($312 million or 3%).1 Cigarette companies spent $110.6 million on sports and sporting events in 2001.1
- The five major U.S. smokeless tobacco manufacturers spent $236.7 million on smokeless tobacco advertising and promotion in 2001.4 The smokeless tobacco industry spent $17.8 million on sports and sporting events in 2001.4
Tobacco Industry Marketing and Specific Populations
- Marlboro is the cigarette brand preferred by 50% of smokers aged 12–17 years, followed by Newport (25%) and Camel (11%).5 These are the brands most heavily advertised in the United States.6
- In 2000, more than 1 of 10 middle school and high school students who had never used tobacco had bought or received anything with a tobacco company name or picture on it, such as sports gear, sunglasses, or T-shirts.7 More than three times as many current tobacco users in middle or high school bought or received such products.7
- Women have been extensively targeted in tobacco marketing, and tobacco companies have produced brands specifically for women.8 Such marketing toward women is dominated by themes of social desirability and independence, which are conveyed by advertisements featuring slim, attractive, and athletic models.8
- Certain tobacco products are advertised and promoted disproportionately to members of racial/minority communities.9 For example, marketing toward Hispanics and American Indians/Alaska Natives has included advertising and promotion of cigarette brands with names such as Rio, Dorado, and American Spirit, and the tobacco industry has sponsored Tet festivals and activities related to Asian American Heritage Month.9
- Research suggests that three African-American publications—Ebony, Jet, and Essence—receive proportionately higher profits from cigarette advertisements than do mainstream publications.9
References
| 1 |
Federal Trade Commission. Cigarette Report for 2001. ( PDF - 44K) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2003. Accessed: February 2004.
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| 2 |
Census Bureau. Monthly National Population Estimates. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau; 2003. Accessed: February 2004.
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| 3 |
CDC. Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2000. ( PDF - 993K) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2002;51(29):642–645. Accessed: February 2004.
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| 4 |
Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Years 2000 and 2001. ( PDF - 62K) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2003. Accessed: February 2004.
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| 5 |
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2002 Detailed Tables, Tobacco Brands. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies; 2003. Accessed: February 2004.
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| 6 |
CDC. Changes in cigarette brand preferences of adolescent smokers—United States, 1989–1993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1994;43(32):577–581. ( PDF - 558K) Accessed: February 2004.
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| 7 |
CDC. Youth tobacco surveillance—United States, 2000. CDC Surveillance Summaries 2001;50(SS-4):1–68. ( PDF - 414K) Accessed: February 2004.
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| 8 |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2001. Accessed: February 2004.
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| 9 |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups—African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 1998. Accessed: February 2004.
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Note: The next update of this fact sheet is scheduled for February 2005. More recent information may be available at the CDC'S Office on Smoking and Health Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco.
For Further Information
Office on Smoking and Health
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Mailstop K-50
4770 Buford Hwy., N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30341-3717
770-488-5705
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Media Inquiries: Contact the CDC's Office on Smoking and Health press line at 770-488-5493.
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