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Definition Return to top
Anemia is a lower than normal number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood, usually measured by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the red pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen.Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
The cause varies with the type of anemia. Potential causes include blood loss, nutritional deficits, many diseases, medication reactions, and various problems with the bone marrow. Iron deficiency anemia is most common in women who have heavy menstrual periods.
Risk factors include heavy periods, pregnancy, older age, and diseases that cause anemia.
Symptoms Return to top
Possible symptoms include:
Signs and tests Return to top
The doctor will perform a physical examination. He or she will look for the presence of a pale complexion and rapid heart rate.
Anemia can be confirmed by a red blood count or hemoglobin level. Other tests depend on the type of anemia.
Treatment Return to top
Treatment should be directed at the cause of the anemia. In some cases, blood transfusions and the medication erythropoeitin will correct anemia.Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
The outlook depends on the cause.Complications Return to top
Severe anemia can cause low oxygen levels in vital organs such as the heart and can lead to heart attack.Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call your health provider if you have any of the symptoms of anemia or any unusual bleeding. Update Date: 11/6/2002 Updated by: Ezra E. W. Cohen, M.D., Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |