Report to Congress: Impacts and Control of CSOs and SSOs

This report was delivered to Congress on Thursday, August 26, 2004. The Report presents a comprehensive characterization of CSOs and SSOs, including the extent of environmental and human health impacts caused by CSOs and SSOs, the technologies used by municipalities to address these impacts, and the resources spent by municipalities to control CSO and SSO discharges. The Report finds that the occurrence of CSOs and SSOs is widespread, and that CSOs and SSOs cause or contribute to environmental and human health impacts. Further, the Report finds that there are many existing structural and non-structural technologies that are well-suited for CSO and SSO control (EPA 833-R-04-001).

• Fact Sheet
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 15KB]

• Cover and Table of Contents
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 551KB]

• Executive Summary
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 1,700KB]

• Chapter 1: Introduction
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 100KB]

• Chapter 2: Background
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 1,889KB]

• Chapter 3: Methodology
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 157KB]

• Chapter 4: Characterization of CSOs and SSOs
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 2,963KB]

• Chapter 5: Environmental Impacts of CSOs and SSOs
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 432KB]

• Chapter 6: Human Health Impacts of CSOs and SSOs
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 175KB]

• Chapter 7: Federal and State Efforts to Control CSOs and SSOs
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 184KB]

• Chapter 8: Technologies Used to Reduce the Impacts of CSOs and SSOs
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 246KB]

• Chapter 9: Resources Spent to Address the Impacts of CSOs and SSOs
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 124KB]

• Chapter 10: Conclusions and Future Challenges
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 107KB]

• References
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 100KB]

• Appendix A: Statutes, Policies, and Interpretive Memoranda
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 4,135KB]

• Appendix B: Human Health Expert and Stakeholder Meeting Summaries
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 403KB]

• Appendix C: Documentation of State and Municipal Interviews
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 60KB]

• Appendix D: List of Active CSO Permits
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 274KB]

• Appendix E: GPRACSO Model Documentation
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 162KB]

• Appendix F: Analysis of CSO Receiving Waters Using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 6,861KB]

• Appendix G: National Estimate of SSO Frequency and Volume
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 144KB]

• Appendix H: Estimation of SSO Impacts in Streams and Rivers
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 62KB]

• Appendix I: Human Health Addendum
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 361KB]

• Appendix J: Estimated Annual Illness from Exposure to CSOs and SSOs at BEACH Survey Beaches
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 183KB]

• Appendix K: Summary of Enforcement Actions
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 708KB]

• Appendix L: Technology Descriptions
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 3,044KB]

• Appendix M: Financial Information
  [Click here to view in PDF format - 78KB]

Office of Water | Office of Wastewater Management | Disclaimer | Search EPA

EPA Home | Privacy and Security Notice | Contact Us

Last updated on August 25, 2004 6:17 PM
URL: http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/cso/cpolicy_report2004.cfm