Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals: Subject Index

Note:
The index for the publication was generated primarily from the descriptors that accompany each entry. In some instances, index words may have been taken from the title. Because people are more likely to be interested in a particular animal, indexes were generated for each species or class covered. The number associated with each index term corresponds to the printed page number on which the index term can be found. Although the page numbers referenced in this index refer to the original printed publication, the subject terms may be helpful when searching text in the electronic version. Each subhead also is linked to the chapter and bibliography related to that topic.

The following links access other chapters in Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals:

[ Main Contents ] [ Main Introduction ] [ How to Use This Document ]
[ Birds ] [ Laboratory Cat ] [ Dogs and Dog Housing ] [ Farm Animals ] [ Ferrets ] [ Rabbits ] [ Rodents ]
[ Journal Listing ] [ Subscription Information for Selected Publications ] [ Organizations ] [ Suppliers and Products ] [ Common Devices and Programs ] [ Main Subject Index ] [ Document Delivery Information ]

Birds

Environmental Enrichment for Birds
by Christine Nicol, Bristol University, pages 1-4
Bird Bibliography, pages 5-26

acoustic enrichment 11
activity 3, 9, 14, 18, 19, 22-24
adaptation 5, 8, 13
age 13, 17, 20, 24
aggression 9, 17, 21
alleviate 13, 14
alternative system 19
alternative systems 6, 17
animal awareness 25
antibody titers 11
apparatus 10
approach 11
artificial selection 13
aviary 2, 3, 19, 21, 23, 24
avoidance 8, 14, 20

behavior 8, 20

battery cage 2, 5, 7-9, 11, 15-17, 21-24
beak trimming 7, 16, 17, 23
behavior 1-3, 5-25

agonistic 20

avoidance 8, 20

play 11

resting 12

bibliography 5, 16, 23
biomedical research 1, 23
bird density 9, 12, 21
bird-human interaction 14
blocking 11
blood lipids 11
body weight 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 20
bone strength 2, 6, 19
breast blisters 15
breeding 11, 14, 25
breeds 8
broiler 11, 15, 18, 20, 22

breeders 22

chicks 11, 12

budgerigar 1, 11, 19, 25
cage 1-3, 5-24

area 19

bar 22

density 5, 9, 18, 20

design 5, 17, 24

enrichment 8

get-away 24

height 19

modified 22

nest 22

partition 9, 21

reared 5

shallow 10

shapes 5, 12

size 6, 15, 21

space 18, 21

wire 9

caged 8, 10, 14, 15, 20, 21, 23
canary 3, 15
cannibalism 13, 16
captivity 9
carbohydrates 11
care 1, 9, 15
catching 2
chickens 2, 5, 8, 15, 17
chicks 11-14, 16, 21
choice 22
claw 24
cockatiels 17
cockatoo 21
colony size 12, 21
color 7, 16, 25
comfort 5, 12, 19, 24
comparison 15, 19, 23
competitive 9
confinement 7, 12
consequences 5, 8, 13
corticosteroids 8-9
corticosterone 9, 10, 16, 23
corticotropin 16
Coturnix coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) 14, 16, 23
crowding 6, 12, 16
debeaking 7, 23
deep litter 6, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19
demand elasticity 10
density 5, 6, 8-12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24 deprivation 19
design 5, 6, 9, 11, 17, 18, 22, 24
dietary diversity 13
disease 7, 15
displacement 24
domestic fowl 1, 2, 13, 18, 20
dominance 9, 13, 15, 20, 21

rank 9

drinking 5, 17, 24
dustbath 1, 5, 6, 20, 24
egg 3, 5-8, 10, 13, 17, 18, 21-23, 25

production 5-8, 10, 13, 18, 21

quality 6, 17, 25

embryology 20
endocrinology 16
enrichment 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 13-15, 17, 18, 20-22, 24
environment 1, 2, 5, 8, 11, 18-20, 23
environmental

control 22, 25

enrichment 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 13-15, 17, 18, 21, 22

stimulation 20

environmental

control 22, 25

enrichment 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 13-15, 17, 18, 21, 22

exercise 2, 7
experiential

factors 13

units 11

exploratory activity 19
facilities 5
familiarity 25
farm 25
fear 2, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21
feather 8, 16, 23

condition 18

loss 8

pecking 3, 7, 20, 24

scores 17

feed

access 2, 15

consumption 5, 7, 15, 17

efficiency 7, 15, 17, 18

restriction 22

trough 22

feeder 5, 10
feeder size 10
feeding 7-9, 11, 15, 18, 19, 22, 24

activity 9, 22

behavior 9, 22

feelings 25
fiberglass screen 20
field methods 20
filial preference 7
flock management 11
flock 6, 11
floor

area 19

pen 1, 5, 8, 11, 16-18, 20

rearing 18

slat 6

space 5, 6, 10, 17, 24

type 6, 7, 23

flying activity 3
food 1-3, 13-15, 21

access 15

neophobia 13

foot condition 8
foraging 1-3, 6, 10, 22
fowl 1, 2, 13, 18, 20, 24
gain-to-food ratio 14
galliformes 1
Gallus domesticus 9, 14, 20, 21
genetic 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21

factors 13

stocks 9

strain 8

get-away cage system 24
group 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 19, 21, 22, 24

housing 3, 19, 21, 22

size 6, 8, 10, 12, 24

growth 5, 12-14, 17, 20, 23
habituation 2, 10, 14, 20
handler influence 11
handling 8, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 23
hand-rearing 15
Hans Kier System 20
head 24
hen 2-3, 5-12, 14-24
heritability 17
heterophil-lymphocyte ratio 12
hormones 10
housing 1-3, 5-12, 15, 16, 19-22, 24, 200

density 6, 20, 24

humans 11, 21
human contact 10
husbandry 16, 22, 23
illumination 20, 24, 25 immobility 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20
immunosuppression 12
imprint 11, 16
industry 12, 18
injury 2, 20, 21
isolation 3, 19, 21
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 7, 10, 14, 18, 23
laboratories 1, 5
laboratory methods 15
layers 10, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24

performance 12

laying 1-3, 5-11, 15-24

hens 2, 3, 5-7, 9, 11, 15-24

learning 1, 11, 12, 16
light 1, 20, 23
litter 2, 6, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22-24

reared 22

livability 18
lumination 11
mammals 15
management 11, 15, 16, 23, 25
mating opportunity 23
mesh size 18
mortality 7, 9, 10, 16-18, 21, 24
motivation 10, 12, 19, 20, 22
music 2, 11
natural behavior 1
neck 24
nervousness 18
nest 2-3, 5-7, 12, 17, 21-24

box 3, 6, 17, 24

building 12

disturbance 21

lining 21

material 12

pad 7

site 12

sites 5, 6

nesting 1, 3, 6, 12, 17, 19, 25
novel 13, 14, 19

object 14

objects 14

observer effect 10
ontogeny 13
open field 14
operant conditioning 10
opioid receptor 22
pairing intervals 23
Parrot 15, 16
partitions 2, 9, 21
passerine 1, 15
pattern 16
peat 24
pecking 3, 7, 8, 15-16, 18-22, 24

targets 18

pens 1, 5, 11, 16
perception 16
perch 2-3, 5-7, 15, 17-18, 24

preference 6

space 6

performance 2, 7, 9-14, 18, 23
pheasants 23
photoperiod 20, 23
physiology 1, 11, 16
pigeons (Columba livia) 1, 12
plasma growth hormone 14
plumage 17, 20, 24
pre-laying

behavior 5, 21, 22

preference 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19-21
previous experience 13
pre-laying behavior 5, 21, 22
primates 15
production 5-11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21, 23
productivity 8, 9, 11, 15, 18, 21
prolactin 14
Psittaciformes 21
psychology 14-16, 21
pullets 5, 7, 8, 13, 16, 23
quail 1-3, 7, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23
range 10
rearing environment 11, 18, 20
reproduction 7, 17, 23
restrictive environments 1
ring-necked pheasant 23
rollaway

hollow 5

nest box 6

sand 24
seed

preferences 21

size 21

sex 13, 14, 17
shape 10, 12, 21
social 1, 3, 9-11, 15, 17, 19-22, 25

behavior 15, 17, 21

cues 25

dominance 21

environments 15

groups 1, 3, 10, 11

interactions 22

isolation 3, 19, 21

organization 20

proximity 25

socialization 13
solid versus wire cage 9
space 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 17-19, 21, 24

requirements 200

spatial

allowance 19

restriction 1, 3, 19

statistical design 11
stereotypies 15
stimuli 2, 7, 15-16, 20, 25
stocking density 6, 11
strain 8, 11, 13, 14
stress 8, 10-13, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23
submission 9
substrate 5, 7, 11, 18, 20
suffering 9
surface area 12
thyroid hormones 10
tier housing system 11, 14
time 19
timidity 14
toe 24
tonic immobility 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20
toys 11
transport 18, 23
trauma 21, 24
turkey 12, 17
vocalizations 14
water 5, 10, 22

provision 22

restriction 5

waterer 5, 10
waterfowl 9
weight gain 14, 16, 17
welfare 1-3, 5, 6, 8-16, 19, 22-24
well-being 2, 10, 15, 18, 21
White Leghorn 5, 8, 9, 13, 16, 18
wild 1, 15, 20
wildlife 20, 21
wild birds 20
wire floor 6, 23

Cats

Enriching the Environment of the Laboratory Cat
by Sandra McCune, University of Cambridge, pages 27-34
Cat Bibliography, pages 35-42

acoustic stimulation 40
ACTH 36
activity budget 40
adapt 27
aggression 27, 28, 30, 32, 35, 38, 39, 41
alley cats vs. cage-reared 41
attention 36
balls 36
behavior 27, 29-32, 35-41

approach 40

communicative 35

conflict 39

differences 38

hiding 36

locomotor 39

modification 37

predatory 35-38

sexual 37, 39

towards prey 38

behavioral development 35
bells 36
blood proteins 38
boredom 27
breeding colony 31
cage 27, 29, 30, 32, 38, 40, 41
caged 29, 32, 36
caretaking routine 36
catnip 36, 37
cat-human relationship 29, 35
cerebral cortex 38, 41
circling 39
climbing 37

frame 39

poles 28

cognition 36, 40
colony cats 32, 35, 38-40
colony cats vs. pet cats 38
color photos 35
communication 29
contact latency 40
cortisol 36
cotton tugs 36
critical period 38
cues 40
decoys 36
development 32, 35-41
discrimination learning 40
diseases 36
dog 41
drugs 37
early experience 36-39
environmental enrichment 28, 30, 32, 33, 36, 40
environments 27, 30, 40, 41
ethogram 33
ethology 33, 41
exercise 35-37
exhibit 40
experimenter 40
fearfulness 27
feeding

maternal 35

Felis bengalensis 30, 40
Felis catus 31, 36, 39
Felis viverrina 40
feral cats 31, 32
food 28, 31, 40
friendly 29, 38, 40

responses to humans 38

games 36
gamma-globulins 38
grief 35
grooming 37, 39
gumabone tug 36
gumadisc 36
habituate 29
hair 37
handler 40
handling 29, 32, 38
haplorhini 38
head rubbing 40
hear 27
hematology 38
housing 27-29, 31, 35, 38-41
human

pet bonding 41

rearing 39

hunting 35-37
indoor

pen 39

tree 37

intelligence 38
jump 37
kitten 29, 31, 36, 39-41
laboratory 27, 30-32, 35, 36, 38-41

conditions 39

learning 35, 36, 38, 40, 41
lesions 41
live prey 40
locomotor play 39
maternal rearing 39
mating 36
memory 38
metabolic rate 39
mother-offspring interactions 37
novel objects 31, 32
nylabone frisbee 36
object 35, 36, 39

permanence 36

play 35, 39

olfactory system 27
ontogeny 36, 39, 40
orientation 36, 40
perch 37
pets 30, 33, 41
physiology 32, 38, 41
play 28, 30, 35-41
polydipsia 39
predation 35
predatory behavior 35-38
preference 38
prey 37, 38, 40
prior experience 36
problem solving 36
psychological stressors 30
psychology 31, 36, 40
psychomotor performance 36
puppy 41
recall 36
relationships 29, 33, 35, 36, 41
reproductive hormones 36
research colony vs. pet cats 38
resting boards 35
reward 40
ropes 28
safety 37
saliva 37
scratching

device 37

post 28, 29, 35, 36

see 27
senses 27, 35, 37, 41
sensory

abilities 35

deprivation 40

sheepskin mice 36
shelving 28
skin 37
sleep 37
smell 27
social

behavior 27, 35, 38, 41

bonds 38

development 41

enrichment 27, 29

environment 29, 37

housing 35

play 35, 36, 39

socialization 29, 32, 35, 38, 39
space 28, 40

perception 40

stress 29, 36, 40
technical personnel 38
time 28, 29, 39, 41
timid 28, 29
toys 28, 35, 36, 39

balls 36

bells 36

gumabone tug 36

object play 35, 39

sheepskin mice 36

tree trunks 35
tunnel 37
vices 41
vision 40
visual

cortex 38

perception 38

vocalizations 39, 40
vomerosensory 27
weaning 39
welfare 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41
whirling 39
young 41

Dogs

Dogs and Dog Housing
by Robert Hubrecht, UFAW, pages 43-48
Dog Bibliography, pages 49-62

ACTH 50
activity

measurements 58

patterns 54, 55

adaptation 53, 59
age differences 59
aggression 45, 49, 53, 54, 56-58
Alsatian 51
amateurs' manuals 56
Animal Welfare Act 50, 54, 56
atropine 60
avoidance 52, 57
balls 51
barking 44, 47, 57
beagles 45, 46, 49, 50, 58, 59
bedding 49
behavior 43, 47, 49-58, 60-62

agonistic 53, 58

competitive 56

deviant 51

exploratory 62

feeding 50, 56

mating 54

measurements 51

modification 52, 57, 60

patterns 56

spatial 58

stereotypic 57

therapy 61

bells 51 bibliography 49, 60
biochemical measurements 54
biting 57
blood

chemical 58

circulation 60

serum 53

body weight 56, 58
bonding 50, 52, 57, 60, 61
bradycardia 60
breeding 46, 50, 52, 53

colony 53

breed differences 45, 57
building 56
cage 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 52-56, 58-60

confinement 58, 60

density 55

design 49

size 45, 47, 49, 52, 54-56, 58

Canis lupus 43, 46, 53
care 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52-54, 61
case report 57
chemical 49, 58
chews 45, 55
circadian activity 56
confinement

effects 52

systems 51

construction 56, 60
contact 44, 55, 58, 59
control 44, 62
coping 59
cortisol 50
cotton tugs 51
crowding 52, 58
dark 59
decoys 51
differential rearing 54, 62
dingo 50, 51
disease susceptibility 60
dissertation 58, 59
distress 50, 58, 59

vocalizations 58

dog owner's book 53
domestication 43, 45, 46, 53
dominance 51, 57, 58, 62

hierarchy 51

early

experience 51

separation 60

eating 56, 58
economics 49
education 59
EKG 51
electrocardiograph 54
electroencephalography 49
electrophysiology 49
elimination 56
enrichment 44-47, 50, 51, 55-57
environment 43-45, 49-53, 55-58, 60-62
environmental

conditions 56

enrichment 44, 46, 47, 50, 51, 55-57

stress 58

enzymes 56, 58
ethology 46, 51-54, 58, 62
eustress 50
examinations 54
exercise 44-47, 49-53, 55-58, 60, 61
experimental design 51
exploratory behavior 62
facilities 43, 54
factors 52, 53
familiarity 57
fear 53
feeding 50, 56
feed intake 56
feral 43, 50
fighting 44
food 45, 56, 58, 61

rewards 61

fur quality 56
games 53
genetics 47, 57, 60
genotype 52
glucocorticoids 50
grooming 57

excessive 57

guidelines 54
guinea pig 53
gumabone 51
gumabone tug 51
gumadisc 51
hand-rearing 62
handling 52, 57, 60
heart rate 60
hematologic 54
hemoglobin 56
history 54
housing 43-47, 49-56, 59-62
human

contact 44, 55, 58

interaction 49, 61

isolation 52

presence 60

sex differences 57

husbandry 43-46, 49, 50, 52-54, 56, 59, 60
hydrocortisone 51, 53
identification 52
infanticide 51
infants 57
intra-species 52
isolation 46, 49, 52, 54, 57, 58
kennels 45, 47, 49, 55, 57, 60
kinetic energy 59
knotted towel 61
laboratory 44-47, 49, 52-56, 58, 60-62

management 54

rearing 53

legislation 50, 53, 59
light 59
litter-rearing 62
locomotor activity 62
lycaon 53
lying 45, 54
lymphocyte

transformation 50

management 47, 50, 54, 56, 58, 61
minerals 56
mortality 60
mouse 53
movements 59
muscle 51, 58

enzyme 51

musculoskeletal system 58
neurochemical 49
novel 43, 62
nutrition 60
nylabone 51
nylabone frisbee 51
ontogeny 62
ophthalmic 54
packed cell volume 56
pens 45, 52, 54
pets 56, 58, 59
pet supplies 56
petting 60
physical

activity 52, 58

conditioning 59

fitness 51

physiology 56, 60, 62
plasma 56
plastic bottles 61
plastic chain 51
play 45, 49, 57
playthings 56, 57
policy 54, 61
polydipsia 57
posture 57
poultry 52
primates 50, 52, 59
psychology 57, 59
puppies 43, 47, 51, 53, 57, 60-61, 62
rabbit 53
rat 53
rearing 49, 52-54, 57, 62
recognition 52
red blood cell counts 56
regulations 47, 54, 55, 59
regulatory issues 60
relationships 57
reproduction 50
responses to environment 57
resting

area 52

boards 49

rhythms 56
rodents 50, 52
selective breeding 46, 52
sensory isolation 57
separation 49, 58-60

distress 58, 59

stress 60

service dogs 51
sex 53, 57

differences 53, 57

sheepskin mice 51
shelters 55
Shetland Sheepdogs 58, 59
sitting 54
sleeping 45, 54
social

attachment 59

behavior 43, 50, 51, 53, 55, 57

density 51

dominance 57

housing 49

interaction 49, 54

isolation 52, 57

organization 53, 62

stimulation 52

socialization 44, 47, 50-52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61, 62

intra-species 52

period 44, 57, 62

session 55

with humans 59

space 45, 54, 56, 58

recommendations 56

requirements 54

spatial behavior 58
standards 50, 61, 62
standard values 60
standing 54
stereotypies 52, 55, 57
stimuli 53
stimulus 62
stone chewing 57
stress 50, 53, 58-61
stress psychology 59
substrates 56
susceptibility 53, 60
swine 51
tameness score 56
Telomians 58, 59
temperament 45, 46, 52, 61

testing 61

tongue injury 57
toys 53, 55, 57, 58, 61

balls 51

bells 51

chews 45, 55

cotton tugs 51

gumabone 51

gumabone tug 51

gumadisc 51

knotted towel 61

nylabone 51

nylabone frisbee 51

plastic bottles 61

playthings 56, 57

tongue injury 57
training 51, 59, 60

methods 51

T-touch 60
weight gain 54, 60
welfare 43, 45-47, 49-56, 59-62
well-being

psychic 54

psychological 52, 61

wellbeing 46, 47, 50, 54, 55, 59, 61
wolves 43, 46, 57
wool sucking 57
young 54, 58
zootechny 60

Farm Animals

Enrichment for Farm Animals
by Michael C. Appleby, University of Edinburgh, pages 63-68
Farm Animal Bibliography: General, pages 69-72

Cattle

Enrichment for Farm Animals
by Michael C. Appleby, University of Edinburgh, pages 63-68
Farm Animal Bibliography: General, pages 69-72
Farm Animal Bibliography: Cattle, pages 73-78

adrenal cortex hormones 73
age 78
aggression 77
altruism 76
anesthesia 73
bedding 75, 76
beef cattle 73, 74, 77
beef cows 76, 77
behavior 69-71, 73-78
bibliography 73
bulls 77
calves 73-76, 78
calving 75, 77

interval 75

care 73
chutes 70, 78
comfort 76
comparison 75, 76
conception 64
confinement 74-76
construction 76
corrals 78
cortex 73
cortisol 73, 75, 76
costs 76
cost benefit analysis 76
cows 73-77
crates 74
cubicles 76
dairy 73-77

cows 64, 75-77

herds 76

design 74-76
dominance 76
economics 76, 77
economic impact 75
enclosures 78
enrichment 77
environment 73, 75-77
environmental factors 73
ethograms 76
extensive livestock farming 75
facilities 73, 78
fear 77
feeding 70, 76, 77
fencing 74
flooring 70, 76, 78
footing 77
grooming 76
guidelines 74
handling 69, 73-75, 77, 78
heart rate 74
housing 73-78

alternative 77

calf 76
dry-lot 75

group 74,76

isolated 74

human-animal bond 77
humane 73
husbandry 73-77
hygiene 76
immune response 73
injuries 74
intensive livestock farming 75
interaction 76, 77
isolation 64
kinship 76
literature review 76
litter 76
livestock 75, 76
management 73, 76, 77
microclimate 75, 78
milk

production 75

quality 75

milking interval 75
movement 74
paddock drainage 77
pain 75
pasture 76
pathogen transmission 74, 75
pens 74, 75, 78
perception 74
performance 75-78
physiology 75
pigs 77
plasma cortisol 73
polling 73
preference 74
preputial sucking 74
production 75, 77
psychology 74
rearing 74, 75, 78
resting behavior 76
restraint 69
review 73, 76
sheep 75
simmental 77
size 74
slatted floors 76, 78
social

behavior 75-78

interaction 76

stress 76

structure 76

socialization 76
space requirements 74, 75
stables 78
stalls 74
steer 73, 75, 77
stereotypies 75
stress 73-78

management 70, 73

response 73, 74

surveys 74
transport 70, 73, 74
veal calves 73, 74, 78
vision 74
weight loss 74
welfare 73-77
wellbeing 73, 75

Horses

Enrichment for Farm Animals
by Michael C. Appleby, University of Edinburgh, pages 63-68
Farm Animal Bibliography: General, pages 69-72
Farm Animal Bibliography: Horses, pages 79-86

activity 80, 82
adaptation 80, 84
adrenal glands 83
age differences 83
aggression 80
ammonia 85
Asiatic wild horse (Equus przewalskii) 80
avoidance 79
bedding 81
behavior 71, 79-85

feeding 81, 82

maternal 84

mating 79, 81

bibliography 84
blood plasma 83
body

awareness 85

recognition 85

boredom 85
care 80, 83, 84
colt 79
comfort 79, 85
comparative study 79
concentration 83
conditioning 71, 80, 81
confinement 81, 83, 84
cortisol 83
design 84
device 83
disease 83
domestication 80
domestic horses 79
early handling 83
enrichment 83
environment 79, 81, 83-85
Equus caballus 79, 80, 82, 84
exercise 80, 82, 83
experience 80
facilities 82
feeding 81-83

activity 82

behavior 65, 66, 81, 82

feral horses 79
field size 82
fillies 79
flight distance 79
flooring 84
foals 79-81, 83, 85
foraging 83
grazing 79, 81, 82
grooming 79, 80
group

dynamics 82

interaction 81

size 82

haematology 83
haemoglobin 83
handling 79, 80, 83-85
health 80, 85
heart rate 80
herd structure 79
horses 79-85, 87
housing 80-84
design 84
open 82, 83
human-animal bond 79, 85
humane 80
humidity 85
husbandry 80, 82, 84, 85
hydrocortisone 83
immune response 83
immunity 83
interaction 79, 81
isolation 83, 84
laboratory 83
learning 80, 81, 83-85

ability 80, 84

lighting 81, 85
livestock 82, 83
lymphocyte transformation 83
management 81-83, 85
mares 79, 81, 83
maternal behavior 84
mating behavior 79, 81
metabolic changes 85
mitogens 83
mutual confidence 79
natural environment 79, 85
needs 82, 85
neuroleptics 84
newborn 81
novel stimuli 80
operant conditioning 81
pasture 81, 82
physical environment 81
plasma cortisol 83
play 79, 80
ponies 79, 80, 81, 83
preferences 79, 81, 82
Przewalski horses 82
psychobiology 79
psychology 81, 84
racehorses 79
rearing 85
reinforcement 83
repetition 85
review 84
running 80
saddle horses 82
safety 79
semi-natural environment 85
sex differences 79
shelter 85
size 80, 82
social

behavior 80-82, 84, 85

environment 81, 84

interaction 79, 80

isolation 83

structure 84

socialization 80, 83, 84
solitary confinement 81
space 80-82, 84

requirements 80, 82

sports 79, 84
stables 85
stalls 83
stereotypies 81
straw 81
stress 80, 81, 83-85
substrate 79, 81
temperature 84, 85
control 84
thyroid hormones 83
time allocation 81
training 80, 81, 83-85
transport 84
treatment 80
ventilation 84
vices 81, 85
weaning 83
welfare 79-85
wellbeing 80
wild

animals 80

burros 84

horses 84

wood shavings 81
work animals 82
zoo 82

Sheep and Goats

Enrichment for Farm Animals
by Michael C. Appleby, University of Edinburgh, pages 63-68
Farm Animal Bibliography: General, pages 69-72
Farm Animal Bibliography: Sheep and Goats, pages 87-92

activity 90
adaptation 87, 90
age 90, 91
Alpine goat 87
anesthesia 91
aversiveness 88
avoidance 89
bedding 88
behavior 87-91
bibliography 87
blood

plasma 88, 91

withdrawal 63

Border Leicester sheep 88
calcium 88
castration 91
cattle 89
clustering 89
comparison 88
corticosteroid 89, 90
cortisol 87, 89, 91
crate design 87
cubicles 88
dairy 87, 89, 90
design 87
dexamethasone 88
docking 91
environment 87, 89, 90
environmental temperature 87
erythrocytes 88
ewe replacement 90
experience 88, 89, 91
fear 87-89
feed

consumption 89

intake 87

preferences 71, 91

flight distance 88, 89
flooring 70, 87, 88
food selection 87
genetics 87, 90, 91
goats 87-90
grazing 91
growth 88, 89
handling 69, 87-91
heart rate 65, 87-89
housing 87-90
human-animal bond 89, 90
husbandry 87
hydrocortisone 91
hypocalcemia 88
isolation 64, 87, 90, 91
kids 88
lambing 88, 90
lambs 88-91
lidocaine 91
locomotor activity 90
lying 88
metobolic rate 65
mirrors 91
naloxone 91
noise 91
Nubian goat 87
pain 89, 91
parturition 88
pens 70, 88
pen-mates 90
performance 87, 88
physiology 87, 89, 90
plasma corticosteroid 90
potassium 88
preference testing 88
preferences 71, 91
production 87-90
psychobiology 89, 90
psychology 90
rams 88
restraint 63, 66, 69
rearing 88-90

environment 90

experience 89

sexual behavior 88
sheep 87-91, 93
social

affinities 90

behavior 88-90

environment 87

isolation 87, 90

socialization 90
sodium 88
space 88, 89
spatial behavior 88
stereotypies 89
straw bedding 88
stress 70, 87-91

physiology 90

temperament 89, 90
temperature control 87
transport 69, 70, 87
treatment 88
ventilation 87
vocalization 87, 89, 90
welfare 87-89
wellbeing 89

Swine

Enrichment for Farm Animals
by Michael C. Appleby, University of Edinburgh, pages 63-68
Farm Animal Bibliography: General, pages 69-72
Farm Animal Bibliography: Swine, pages 93-112

ACTH 98
activity 93, 94, 100, 104, 106
adaptation 101
adrenal response 107
age 106, 110, 111

differences 106

aggression 93, 95, 96, 106, 109, 110
amphetamines 111
artificially fed 105
automatic feeding 99
automation 100
barrow 101
bedding 94, 97-100, 109
behavior 71, 93-112

aggressive 108, 109

agonistic 65, 111

breeding 103

exploratory 97

natural 99

nesting 95

sexual 103

social 71, 96, 104-106, 110, 111

spatial 105

stereotypic 65

behavioral

effects 94, 97

frequency 106

needs 104

response 102

bibliography 93, 110, 111
biomedical use 110
blood

chemistry 107

sampling 63, 109

boars 100, 107, 111
body weight 100
breeding 99, 100, 102, 103

behavior 103

building material 103
cage 96
cage-stalls 96
cardiovascular response 110
care 101, 106, 110
catecholaminergic systems 111
cattle 109
chewing 93, 99, 100
chronic implants 109
cloth 112
comparative study 108
comparison 93, 97, 98
computerized feeding system 111
conditioning 112
confinement unit 109
coping 99
cortex 101
corticosteroid 95, 96, 101-103, 107
cortisol 96, 98, 99, 107
costs 103
cows 109
crates 93, 108
crate design 111
crowding 103, 112
curiosity 112
defecation area 105
density 93, 95, 112
design 96, 101, 106, 109, 111, 112
device 104, 112
dexamethasone 98
dietary supplement 103
disease 110
diurnal 101
dominance 104, 108
early handling 102
earth substrate 93
economics 109
Edinburgh Foodball 112
endorphins 99
enrichment 69, 93, 95, 97-99, 101, 104, 108-110, 112

devices 101

environment 94-97, 101, 103, 104, 106-111
environmental

control 95, 104

factors 95, 108

excitability 101
expanded metal flooring 99
experimenter influence 102
exploration 93, 105, 106, 110, 112
exploratory behavior 97
facilities 111
family pens 104
farm 93, 94
farrowing 94, 95, 99, 102, 108

crate 108

pens 99

fear 101, 102, 109, 110
feed

consumption 111

conversion 94, 97, 99

dispensers 66, 100, 112

intake 64, 101, 110

preference 71

restriction 65

feeding 94, 96, 97, 99, 104, 109, 111

activity 94

floor 93, 95, 98, 99, 105, 108

expanded metal 99

levels 108

preferences 99

slatted 97, 98, 100

space 105, 108

type 105

flooring 93, 97, 106, 111
food presentation 99
football 104
foraging 93, 112
free range 100
gilt 98, 100, 101, 103, 104, 107, 112
gonadotropin 111
Gottingen miniature swine 100
group

feeding 104

housing 95-97, 99, 100, 111, 112

mixing 111

size 100, 112

groups 93, 96, 97, 100-102, 106, 109, 111
growth 94, 96-98, 102, 103, 107-109, 111

rate 94, 97, 98, 103, 107, 111

handler 95

handling 66, 67, 70, 95, 100-104, 107, 109, 110
health 99, 108, 109
heat preference 95
hiding area 108
hormones 63
housing 71, 93-112

alternative 104, 109, 110

individual 99

intensive 98, 108

human-animal

bond 97, 102, 103, 109

contact 63

interaction 95

husbandry 93, 94, 97-101, 103, 106, 110
hydrocortisone 103, 107
hygiene 101
immune response 106, 108
individuals 102, 111
injuries 97, 98, 106
intensive husbandry 98, 99, 106
interaction 95-97, 104, 109
isolation 100, 105, 110, 111
laboratory 95, 97
learning 71, 105, 106, 112
legislation 105
light 95
lighting 105
literature review 106
litter 93, 94, 97-100, 102, 103

size 93, 100

livestock 94, 97, 108, 112
loaders 108
locomotion 102, 111
lying 94, 95, 105
management 106, 109
manipulanda 104, 108, 112
manipulation 94
manual dispensing 93
mating 103, 111

behavior 111

meat

quality 97, 99

yield 99

miniature swine 100
milk production 93
motivation 95, 108
movement 102
natural behavior 99
needs 100, 104
nesting behavior 95
nest building 95, 102
neurobiology 112
newborn 99
noise 93, 110
novel

diet 106

objects 104

novel objects 104
nutrition 109
operant conditioning 112
parturition 94
patting 102
pen 70, 93-95, 98, 99, 101, 104, 106

design 96, 101

shape 95, 112

performance 93, 94, 101, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110
physical environment 95
physiology 95, 96, 99, 103, 107, 110
piglets 93, 94, 101-103, 105
pigs 93-112
plasma cortisol 107
play 93, 101, 112
postweaning interval 109
preference 93-95, 105, 106, 108, 110

testing 95, 105, 108, 110

tests 106, 108

preferences 95, 99
pregnancy 93, 96, 99, 109

statistics 96

prepartum behavior 112
production 93-98, 100, 102-104, 106, 107, 109, 112
psychological needs 100, 104
raised decks 100
ramps 108
rearing 101, 105, 107, 109, 111

environment 101

reinforcement 95
reproduction 99, 102, 103, 106
reproductive

effects 101

status 103

restraint 63, 93, 106, 110
restricted feeding 97, 109
review 94, 96, 106
rooting 100, 104
seasonal cycles 111
self-dispensing 93, 94
sensory restriction 101
sexual behavior 103
siblings 106
size 93, 96, 100, 105, 106, 108, 112
skin lesion 96
slatted floors 97, 100
slaughter 110
social

activity 100, 104

behavior 71, 96, 104-106, 110, 111

environment 103, 111

groups 100

interaction 93, 96, 97, 104,100, 108

isolation 111

stress 112

structure 111

socialization 98, 102, 103, 105, 109, 110
soundness 111
sows 94, 95, 97-100, 102, 104, 105, 107-109, 111, 112
sow-fed piglets 105
space 93, 98, 102-105, 107, 108, 112
space requirements 104, 107, 108, 112
spatial behavior 105
stalls 96-98, 106, 112
stall-design 96
standards 100
stereotypies 99, 111
stimulation 101
stocking density 93
stock people 102
Straw-Flow 93, 94
straw 93-95, 97-100, 102-105, 109, 112

bedding 97, 100, 109

enrichment 95

stress 66, 93, 95-97, 99, 101-103, 106-112

factors 107, 108

response 95, 96

stroking 102
substrate 93, 94, 97, 98, 105
suckling behavior 93
swine 93-103, 105, 107-111, 113
temperament 101
temperature 93, 99, 111

control 93, 111

testosterone 111
tether 95, 96, 98, 99, 106, 112

stalls 95, 98

thesis 105
tire 104
toys 64, 66, 67, 97, 100, 101, 107, 109
traction 99
transponders 111
transport 70, 101, 110
ventilation 93, 111
vertical chain 104
vibration 110
vocalizations 93
weaning 99, 105
weight gain 98, 101, 104, 106, 108
welfare 93-107, 109-112
wellbeing 95, 104, 108

Ferrets

The Effects of Environmental Enrichment in Ferrets
by Dorothy Einon, University College, London, pages 113-116
Ferret Bibliography, pages 117-126

abnormal behavior 118, 125
activity 113, 115, 118-120, 122, 124-126
age factors 125
aggression 113, 117, 125
anesthesia 118
animal welfare 117, 124
bank vole 120
behavior 113, 114, 117-126

exploratory 118, 120, 124

feeding 121, 122

hybrid 124

hyperactive 118

play 118, 122, 123, 125

pre-copulation 123

social 71, 121, 122

stereotypic 118

bibliography 117, 119
biology 117, 119, 120
biting 114, 124, 125
black-footed 120
body weight 114, 121-123
breeding 113, 114, 120, 121, 123, 126
cages 114, 117, 120, 125
captivity 113, 114, 119
care 117, 119, 124, 126
cat 123, 124
chicken 121
chinchillas 117
circadian rhythms 119, 126
circulatory system 120
communication 118
cortisol 120
courtship 123, 126
coypus 117
development 113, 115, 120, 122
diet 119, 120, 122-124, 126
diseases 119, 124
dog 120, 124
dummy prey 117
endocrine

control 125

system 126

environment 113, 114, 116, 120, 123
environmental

enrichment 113, 119

factors 124

exploration 114, 116, 118, 119, 120, 124, 126
feeding 118, 119, 121-123

behavior 121, 122

zones 123

female 114, 117-126
ferret-polecat hybrid 119, 125, 126
food preferences 120
foxes 117
gonadectomy 119
grooming 121
group activity 118
growth 125
guidelines 124
handling 117, 121, 123-125
health 114, 117
hiding place 123
housing 114, 115, 117-123, 125
hunting 119, 124
husbandry 114, 117, 119, 120, 123-125
hybrid behavior 124
hyperactive 118
isolation 114, 118, 121
learning 113-116, 124, 126
light 120
low vs. high frequency sound 123
male 114, 117-126
maze 114, 124, 126
mink 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123-125
mouse 123
mustelids 114, 118, 120, 123-125
neonates 120
nest boxes 120, 123
nursing 122
nutrition 118, 119
otters 119
pelt quality 114, 122, 125
personality 122
pet 124
physiology 115, 117, 119, 123
play 113, 114, 116-126

behavior 118, 122, 123, 125

prepubertal 125

polecat 113, 115-118, 119, 121-126
predation 113, 120, 122
prey 114, 115, 117, 120, 122

catching 114, 117

pre-copulation behavior 123
rabbit 119, 123
rat 113, 116, 121, 123
reproduction 118-120, 123, 125
restraint 118
restricted movement 125
rodents 119
running 119
scent marking 125
seasons 113, 118, 121, 122
sex differences 117, 123
shelter 123
skeletal changes 114, 125
skin biting 114, 125
social

behavior 71, 121, 122

groups 118, 121, 122, 124, 125

interaction 113, 119, 120, 124

organization 125

sound 115, 123
space 114, 123, 125
starvation 118
stereotypic behavior 118
stocking rate 117
Stone marten 123
stress 113, 114, 117, 118, 120, 121
stunning 117
tactile stimuli 117
toys 114, 118, 121, 125
tubes 126
visual stimuli 117
weanling 119-121
weasel 118, 120, 122
wheel-running 119
wildlife 122
zoo animals 122

Rabbits

Rabbits
by Debbie Gunn and David Morton, University of Birmingham, pages 127-132
Rabbit Bibliography, pages 133-144

acoustic

environment 137

stimulus 136

activity 129, 132-136, 138, 139, 143
adaptation 129, 138
affiliative behavior 138
age 129, 136, 142
aggression 132, 134, 136, 138
agonism 136
ambient temperature 137, 139
androstenedione 136
artificial appliances 134
avoidance 142
back-bone distortions 129
bar-biting 128
bedding 139-141
behavior 127, 128, 130-143

chewing 137

feeding 135

flehmen 134

investigatory 141

maintenance 141

natural 140

normal 133

reproductive 140

resting 135

sleeping 135

social 127, 133-134, 136-139, 141

spacing 143

stereotyped 135, 140

behavioral 127-129, 134-136

repertoire 128, 134, 135

bone 129, 141, 142
boredom 128-130, 132
breeding 127, 129, 132, 133, 136, 138, 140-142

groups 127, 129, 142

breeds 140
bricks 137
building 129, 139
burrows 127, 137
cage 128-130, 132-140-142

activity 135

colony 136

design 133

odor 142

outside 138

space 139

caging 128, 129, 137, 139, 141, 142
care 129, 131, 133, 135, 141
catecholamine 135
chemical cues 134
chemosignals 137
chewing behaviors 137
Chinchilla 139, 141
chinning 138
chin marking 137
chronobiology 138
circadian activity 139
code

of practice 131

of recommendations 133

colony management 143
comfort 141
commercial housing 142
communal nest box 136
confinement 136
consumption 138, 142
corticotropin 136
costs 140
cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) 134
cottontail rabbits 134, 135
critical period 143
crowding 142
daily activity 135
defecation 127, 138
defense 138
density 136, 140, 142
development 133
developmental 142, 143
diet 128, 130, 136, 139
disease 139
distance 127, 143
diurnal 127, 137, 138
domestic 127, 132, 134, 137-139, 142, 143
domestication 138
dominance 127, 134, 136, 138
dopamine 135
economic 128, 139, 140
enrichment 130-132, 134, 136, 137, 140-143

devices 141

objects 131, 134, 137

environment 127-130, 135-137
environmental

change 138

control 134, 141

enrichment 130, 134, 136, 137, 140, 143

noise 136, 138

stress 137

equipment 142
estradiol 133, 136
estrus 138
ethology 132, 138
exercise 129, 137, 142, 143
exploration 139
exploratory activity 136, 143
exposure to male 138
fear 141
feeding 127, 128, 135, 137, 139

behavior 135

feed restriction 138
female 127, 130, 134, 136, 137
ferrets 140
fertility 140
floor

area 128, 142

pens 129, 130, 134, 137, 139

food 138, 140, 142

consumption 142

intake 138

foraging 127, 129, 134
free-range 143
genetics 135, 137, 141, 142
gerbil 134
gestation 133
grooming 129
group 127, 129, 130, 134, 137, 140, 142

composition 133

housing 130, 132, 134, 139, 140, 142, 143

sizes 139

guidelines 139
habituation 141
hamster 134
handling 132, 133, 135, 137, 138, 140, 141, 143
health 128, 129, 136, 138, 140
hierarchy 134
housing 127-143

group 127-143

paired 129, 131, 134, 137, 142

human interaction 141
humidity 128, 140
husbandry 127, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 138-143
hypoplasia 141, 142
illumination 135, 137
individual cages 138, 141
industry 142
infancy 135, 143
infarction 138
intermale activity 136
intestinal

rupture 137

stasis 129, 131, 137

investigatory behavior 141
isolation 128, 133, 135
labor 140
legislation 142
Lepus capensis syriacus 142
lighting 128, 140
litters 141
litter size 140
locomotor activity 135, 138, 139, 141
maintenance behavior 141
male 127, 134, 136, 138
management 130, 133, 136, 138, 139, 143

system 138

maternal presence 142
mouse 134
movement 128, 129, 141
nest

area 142

box 136

communal 136

nesting 135-137, 142
neurotransmitter 135
New Zealand White 130, 131, 134, 137, 139, 141
nocturnal 138
noise 136-138, 140
norepinephrine 135
normal behavior 133
nulliparous 138
odors 134
odor preferences 142
oestrus 137
open-field test 143
opioid peptides 135
osteoporosis 129
outside cages 138
paddock system 136
paired housing 129, 131, 134, 137, 142
pens 129, 130, 132, 134, 138, 139, 141
pheromone 134
photoperiod 135, 137, 138
physiological 135, 137, 140

effects 135

response 137

plastic cages 139
population density 136
preference 135, 137, 142

testing 142

production 133, 138, 139
productivity 129, 136
progesterone 133
psychological needs 136
psychology 135, 138, 143
pup area 142
PVC pipe 134
rat 134
rats 137, 140
rearing activities 128
refinement 130, 140
reproductive behavior 140
resting

behavior 135

periods 135

rodents 134, 140, 141
sandy lop rabbits 130, 134
scent-marking 134
season 139
secretion 134
selective breeding 136
semi-natural conditions 139
sexual 130, 133, 137, 138, 142

activity 133

behavior 138, 142

display 137

single 128, 131, 134, 137, 139, 142, 143

caging 128, 139, 142

housing 134, 137, 143

slaughter 133
sleep 135, 136
social 127-129, 131-139, 141-143

activity 135, 138, 143

behavior 127, 133-134, 136-139, 141

contact 134, 143

isolation 128, 133

display 138

groups 134, 137, 142

interactions 136

isolation 128, 133

peers 134

relationships 142, 143

solitary housing 133, 134
space 128, 134, 139

allocation 139

spatial

behavior 138, 139

conditions 142

needs 137

stereotyped behavior 128, 130, 131, 135, 139-141, 142
stimulation 128, 129, 135
stimuli 135
straw bedding 139
stress 129, 131, 136-141
stressors 136
submission 136
suffering 128, 131
systems 138, 139, 141
temperature 128, 137, 139, 140
testosterone 133, 136
time of day 135
tonic pain 136
transport 139
trauma 136
travel 139
ultrasound 140
urine 134
ventilation 128, 140
vertebrae 141, 142
warrens 127
water 133, 138
weight

gain 142

loss 129

welfare 127-135, 139, 140, 142
wellbeing 128, 129, 139
wild 127, 129, 131, 132, 138
wire-floor 139

Rodents

Environmental Enrichment in Rodents
by Heleen A. van de Weerd and Vera Baumans, Utrecht University, pages 145-150
Rodent Bibliography: Gerbils and Hamsters, pages 151-154
Rodent Bibliography: Guinea Pigs, pages 155-156
Rodent Bibliography: Mice, pages 157-168
Rodent Bibliography: Rats, pages 169-210
Rodent Bibliography: Wild Rodents, pages 211-212

Hamsters and Gerbils

Environmental Enrichment in Rodents
by Heleen A. van de Weerd and Vera Baumans, Utrecht University, pages 145-150
Rodent Bibliography: Gerbils and Hamsters, pages 151-154

body 151-153

fat 151

mass 153

temperature 153

weight 151, 152

abstract 152
activity 151
adolescent 152
adrenal 152
adult 151-153
age 152
ambient temperature 153
bedding 151
behavior 151-153

foraging 151

motor 152

solitary 146

brain 151
cages 152, 153
caging 151
cortisol 152
crowding 152
development 152, 153
dominance 153
environmental enrichment 146, 148, 151, 152
fat 151
female 151-153
fighting 152, 153
food 146, 151
gerbil 151, 152
golden hamster 153
gonadectomized 153
group housing 146, 151, 152
growth 151, 152
hamster 151-153
handling 151
housing 146, 151-153
isolation 151-153
lifespan 151
litter size 153
locomotor activity 151
male 151-153
Meriones unguiculatus 151, 152
Mongolian gerbil 152
mouse 151
neural 152
novel objects 151
odors 151-153
old 151
olfaction 153
outdoor 151, 152
pairs 153
pheromones 153
play 152, 153

fighting 152, 153

preference test 153
pregnancy 153
reproduction 152
running wheel 153
sex 152
size 153
social 146, 151, 152

environment 152

interaction 152

isolation 152

socialization 151
somatic growth 152
strain

Golden 151-153

Siberian 153

Syrian Golden 153

submission 153
temperature 153
testes weight 152
testosterone 152
toys 152
vaginal 152
weanling 152, 153
weight 151, 152
welfare 151, 153
wire 152
young 153

Guinea Pigs

Environmental Enrichment in Rodents
by Heleen A. van de Weerd and Vera Baumans, Utrecht University, pages 145-150
Rodent Bibliography: Guinea Pigs, pages 155-156

body weight 156
activity 155, 156
adult 156
bedding 156
behavior 155, 156

agonistic 155

exploratory 155

open field 155

cage 156
care 155, 156
communication 155
cortisol 156
domestic 155
dominance 155
female 155, 156
gerbil 155
gnawing 147
hamster 155
housing 149, 155
isolation 155, 156
lactating 155
male 155, 156
maternal 155, 156
mouse 155
neonate 155
neural 155
noise 155, 156
nonpregnant 155
nonvocal sounds 155
observations 155
open-field 155
play 155
pregnancy 155
reproduction 156
separation 156
silence 155
social isolation 155
softwood sticks 147
space 156
spatial 156
virgin 155
vocalizations 155
weanling 156
weight 156
welfare 155
young 156

Mice

Environmental Enrichment in Rodents
by Heleen A. van de Weerd and Vera Baumans, Utrecht University, pages 145-150
Rodent Bibliography: Mice, pages 157-168

body 157, 161, 163, 164, 166-168

weight 157, 163, 164, 166-168

abstract 164
activity 157-159, 161, 163-166
adrenal 157-159, 164

gland 157, 164

adult 165
affiliative behavior 166
age 161, 168
aging 159, 163
ambient temperature 168
ammonia 160
anthropocentric view 164
anti-psychotic drugs 168
apparatus 158
autoimmune disease 166
aversive

response 159

stimuli 157

BALB/CJ 165
bedding 147, 160-162, 165-167
behavior 157-168

affiliative166

agonistic 146, 159, 164

exploratory 157

nesting 147, 162

play 166

social 146, 165, 166

behaviorally deficient mutant 161
biochemistry 163
bottles 167
brain 157-159, 162, 163, 165-167

chemistry 167

stem 159, 163

weight 159

breeding 160
cage 157, 159-164, 167

size 147, 163

caging 157-159, 161, 162, 164
care 162, 165
cellulose 162, 166
cerebellum 159, 163
cerebral

cortex 160, 167

chlordiazepoxide 168
complexity 157, 159
copulation 168
cortex 159, 160, 163, 167
cortical

depth 159, 167

corticosteroids 160
cytolytic 161
darkness 157
defecation 157, 163, 164
depression 168
deprivation 160
development 159, 165
diencephalon 159
diet 166
dietary proteins 165
discrimination tasks 159
dominance 159, 161-164
dwarf mice 158
electric shock 157
emotionality 157, 159
enrichment 157-164, 166, 167
environmental 157, 159-164, 166, 167

complexity 157

enrichment 145- 148, 157, 159-164, 166, 167

ethanol 167
exercise wheel 165
exploration 159, 160, 163, 164, 166
fat 161
feed 166
female 157, 160, 162, 163, 165-168
fetal 162
fighting 162-164
food competition 157, 164
genetic variance 161
genotype 161, 163, 164
gerbil 158
gestation 168
glands 159
grooming 159
group

housing 165

reared 162

growth 161
habituation 158
hamster 158
handling 146, 157, 160
handling-reactivity test 160
hardwoods 166
hemocyanin 162
Hepa-1 166
heterogenous 159, 160
high fat content 161
hippocampus 163
hoarding 163, 164, 166
housing 157, 158, 160-162, 165-168

conditions 157

group 146, 148, 149

ICR 160, 162, 165
ICR-albino 160
IgG 162
IgM 162
imipramine 168
immobility 168
immunity 162, 165
impoverished 160, 162
inbred 158-160, 162, 163, 165, 166

strain 158, 160

isolation 158, 159, 161-166, 168
learning 157, 158, 160, 166, 167
lesions 160
litter size 160
liver 160, 162, 165

enzymes 165

metabolism 165

locomotor

activity 158

male 157-168
maturation 167
maze 158-160, 166, 167
memory 163
methods 165
mice (Mus domesticus) 159
Morris

water maze 167

mouse hepatoma cell line 166
mycotoxins 165
neonate 159, 164
nesting 147, 162
neural 158, 159, 165
neuronal

development 159

plasticity 160

noise 161, 168
novel environment 165
nutrition 167
objects 164
occipital cortex 159
odors 161
old 163, 167
olfaction 159, 161, 162, 164
open field 157-160, 163-164
pair housing 166
pairs 160
partitions 159
passive 163
physiological responses 157
plasticity 160
play 164, 166

behavior 166

Plexiglas 163
post-weaning 158
preference test 157
pregnant 162, 165, 167
prostate 157
receptor binding 163
reproduction 158, 168
reserpine 168
running wheel 158, 163-164
septal lesions 160
sex 162
shelter 157

drinking bottles 147

plastic tubes 147

shuttlebox 166
size 160, 163
sleeping area 147
social 157, 158, 161, 163, 165, 166, 168

behavior 146, 165, 166

interactions 166

isolation 168

socialization 159
space 160
spatial 158, 166

maze 166

spontaneous alternation 158
standard 162
strain

A/J 164

B6D2F2 167

BALB/c 159, 160, 162, 163, 165, 166

Binghamton 160

BXSB 157

C3H-AVY FB 167

C3H/HeJ 164

C57BL 166

C57BL/6 162, 163

C57B1/6J 163, 165, 167

C57BL/10J 164

CBA/J 163

CD 159, 160, 166

CD-1 159, 160, 166

CF-1 166

CFLP 164

DW/Orl-dw 158

HA-ICR Swiss 162

ICR 165

ICR-albino 160

New Zealand Black 166

NIH 165

outbred CD-1 166

Quackenbush albino 159

ST/bJ 163

Swiss 157, 159, 162, 165, 168

Swiss albino 165

Swiss CD-1 159

Swiss Webster 168

SWJ/Jac 162

TO 160

Wistar 163

stress 157, 159, 161
striatum 163
strychnine 159
submission 162, 164
surface texture 163
swimming 159, 168
Swiss 157, 159, 162, 165, 168
tasks 159, 163, 167
telencephalon 159
temperature 158, 161, 168
testes 157
toys 167
tumors 161, 167
visual cortex 160
water

consumption 163

maze 160, 167

weaning 158, 167
weanling 158-162, 164, 166, 168
weight 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 166-168
welfare 158, 162, 164
wire 163
wood shavings 165
young 159, 163, 168

Rats

Environmental Enrichment in Rodents
by Heleen A. van de Weerd and Vera Baumans, Utrecht University, pages 145-150
Rodent Bibliography: Rats, pages 169-210

body 172, 178, 179, 183-185, 187, 188, 190, 191, 196, 199, 201, 203-205, 208, 209

fat 201

mass 201, 209

protein 201

weight 172, 178, 179, 183-185, 187, 188, 190, 191, 196, 199, 201, 203, 205, 208

abstract 169, 178, 181, 184, 189, 193
acetylcholinesterase 170, 177, 185, 194, 199, 208
acquisition 173, 175, 187, 199
active avoidance task 177
activity 169-173, 175, 176, 181, 184-186, 188-191, 193, 194, 197, 199-202, 205, 206, 208
adolescent 200, 208
adrenal 172, 174, 175, 180, 187, 191, 196, 202
adrenalectomy 175
adrenal gland 191
adrenocortical system 183
adult 170-172, 174, 177, 179, 181, 185, 186, 188, 190-196, 199, 202-208
aeroallergen levels 204
aerosols 195
age 181, 185, 202, 206
aging 171, 176, 180, 181, 188, 190, 200, 201, 204, 205
agonistic 171
allergens 204
allogrooming 194
alpha male 179
aminooxyacetic acid 182
ammonia 195, 207
amphetamine 171, 177, 179, 209
amygdaloid lesions 186
amylobarbitone 173
angiogenesis 171, 200
anogenital licking 190
anti-serum 170
anxiolytics 173
apparatus 173, 178, 187, 208
ataxia 182
attack 200
attention test 198
auditory discrimination 198
aversive stimuli 176
avoidance

learning 186, 193, 194

training 180

barriers 172
bedding 172, 175, 178, 185, 193, 195, 199, 204, 207

cedar wood shavings 172

behavior 169-204, 206-208

consummatory 186

contact 175

defensive 187

digging 208

exploratory 175, 178, 182

unconditioned 199

behavioral tests 189
bilateral

hippocampal lesions 186

ICV injection 171

lesions 186, 197, 206-208

occipital lesions 197

binding assays 195
biochemistry 174, 178, 183, 188, 193, 196, 197, 202, 208
black rat 198
black-hooded rat 209
blood

parameters 172

pressure 171, 191

boredom 179
bracelet removal test 198
brain 169-171, 173-178, 180-182, 184-186, 188, 190-203, 205-208

chemistry 188

damage 197, 206

development 174, 176, 185

enzymes 199

growth 171, 175, 178, 185

morphology 181

thickness 176, 182

weight 170, 173-175, 178, 190, 195, 196, 199, 203, 207, 208

brainstem 194
buproprion 191
burrows 173, 182
butyrylcholinesterase 208
cage 169, 172, 173, 175, 176, 179, 190, 193, 200, 204, 206

size 147, 179, 190, 200

caging 169, 176, 182, 183, 187, 189, 195, 199, 205
candle 188
capillaries 171
carbohydrates 187
cardiomyopathy 175
cardiovascular system 189
care 176, 179, 183, 189, 190, 199
cat avoidance apparatus 187
caudate

nucleus 193, 206

cell physiology 184
cerebellum 178, 194, 195, 206
cerebral

artery 184

blood flow 180

cortex 171, 176, 185, 205

cerebrum 170
chlordiazepoxide 173
choice test 183
cholinesterase 170, 199
choline acetyltransferase 193, 194
circadian activity 205
citrate synthase 181
clonidine 190
closed field 191, 206
cocaine 179, 183
cognition 181, 193
cognitive changes 188
collagen 185
complexity 184, 195, 203
constant estrus 188
copulation 200
cortex 170-173, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184-186, 188, 190, 191, 194-197, 199, 200, 202, 204, 205, 207, 208
cortical

dendrites 205

depth 175, 182

plasticity 205

corticosteroids 204
corticosterone 173, 175, 190, 197, 202
cross-modal 209
darting 207
deafness 182
defecation 187, 190, 201
defense 177
dendrites 172, 178, 194, 199, 204, 205
dentate gyrus 200
depletion 171, 177, 191, 193, 206
depression 197
deprivation 174, 180, 183, 194, 196, 205, 208
development 170, 172, 174, 176, 181, 185, 194, 200, 201, 203, 205, 208
devocalized 207
diabetes 175, 181
diaphragm 209
diazepam 173, 208
diencephalon 181
diet 178, 196, 204
dietary saline 190
diethyl maleate 187
differential reinforcement 198
dismutase 187
domestic 184
dominance 173, 179, 192, 194, 201, 208
dominant 192
dopamine 169, 171, 177, 185, 193, 194, 196
dopaminergic agonists 179
dopamine synthesis 171
dorsal body 201
dorsal hippocampus 203
DRL-20 task 192
d-amphetamine sulfate 209
EEG 203
elastin 185
electric shock 179, 180, 193, 200
electrodes 189, 199
electro-oculogram 203
emergence test 183
EMG 203
emotionality 147, 183, 185, 189, 191, 196
emotional stress 197
emotions 186-188
endocrine system 172
energy expenditure 201
enriched 169, 175, 176, 178-181, 183, 184, 188, 190-196, 198, 199, 201, 203-206, 208

environment 169, 178, 179, 184, 188, 190, 193, 194-196, 199, 203-206, 208

enriched-impoverished experience 193
entorhinal cortex 208
environmental 169-207, 209

complexity 195, 203

enrichment 169-207

impoverishment 175, 193

epinephrine 187, 189
epitrochlearis 181
escape response 197
estrus 188, 205
ethanol 185, 196, 197, 208
evoked 177, 188, 189, 200, 202, 205

responses 200

exercise 172, 175, 176, 180, 184, 185, 187, 196, 202, 204, 209

wheel 180

exploration 174, 180, 182, 185, 186, 190, 196, 197, 201, 206, 207
extinction 173
eye-opening 201
family reared 184
fat 187, 201
fatty acid desaturase 189
fear 180, 187, 189, 200
feed 173, 175, 179, 184, 187, 191, 196, 201, 204, 209

acquisition 173, 175, 187

consumption 179, 191, 201

intake 184, 201, 209

restriction 196

feeding 183, 192, 202
female 169, 170, 172-175, 179-188, 190-197, 199, 201-205, 207-209
femoral 180
fetal 185
fetus 170
field activity 201
fighting 194, 195
fimbria-fornix lesions 177, 185, 186
flexor 181
floor type 195
food 146-148, 186, 187, 192, 202, 205

earned 146

foot shock 204
forebrain 177, 185, 191, 193, 199, 206
foster mothers 181, 186, 205, 206
frontal cortex 176
genetic influences 184
gentling 201
gerbil 171
gestation 205
glands 174, 187, 196
glucocorticoid

receptor 173, 192

receptors 190

glutathione 187
glycogen 209
gnawing 176
Golgi-Cox-Sholl stain 205
Golgi-Cox-Sholl stain 205
Golgi study 178, 199, 205
granule cells 203
gregariousness 187
grip test 198
grooming 190, 200
group

housing 200, 208

reared 189, 199

rearing 188

groups 169, 176, 182, 184
growth 171-173, 175, 178, 185, 190, 192, 195, 203, 204

associated protein 173

spurt 185

hamster 171
handling 146, 169, 174, 176, 177, 181, 183-185, 189, 190, 193, 196, 199, 202, 203
heart 172, 181, 196, 209
Hebb-Williams maze 173, 175, 184, 186, 191, 193, 195, 196, 202, 205-208
hemidecorticate deficit 198
hemidecortication 198, 206
hexokinase 181
hippocampal lesions 177, 186, 208
hippocampus 176-178, 181, 184-186, 190, 192, 194, 202, 203, 207, 208
histology 170, 173, 176
homing 201
homozygous 181
hooded rat 202
hormonal state 182
hormones 170, 182, 188
housing 169, 171, 173, 174, 178, 180, 182, 185-187, 189, 199, 200, 204-206, 208

conditions 173, 185, 186, 199

group 146, 149, 200, 208

huddling 175
humidity 195
hydroxydopamine 171, 193, 194
hyperactivity 172, 180
hypertensive 189, 193
hypoglycemia 209
illumination 147, 206
imipramine 173
immobility 177, 204
immobilization 197
impoverished 170, 171, 173, 175, 176, 178-181, 185, 186, 188, 191, 193, 195, 196, 198, 199, 201-203, 206, 208

housing 178

indirect calorimetry 201
insulin 169
intake 184, 187, 196, 197, 201, 209
in vitro 171
isolation 169-172, 174, 176-185, 188-190, 192, 195-197, 199-201, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209
juvenile 174, 182, 184, 188, 190, 200, 201, 204
kanamycin 182
knees 180
lactate 187
lactation 204, 205
Lashley III maze 181, 195
lateral hypothalamus 199
learning 169, 170, 173, 175-181, 184-189, 191-200, 202, 204, 205, 207-209
length 204
lesions 174, 177, 182, 185, 186, 192, 197-199, 206-208
lever-press training 198
licking 190
littermates 183, 195
litter size 187
liver 184, 209
locomotion 199
locomotor

activity 171, 176, 189, 191, 199, 206

tasks 182

lordosis reflex 188
male 169-177, 179-204, 206-209

newborn 193

offspring 186

malnutrition 172, 174, 194, 203-205
maternal 186, 190, 200, 202, 205
maturation 193-195, 203
maze 172-175, 178, 180-187, 190, 191, 193-197, 201, 202, 204-208
medial

forebrain bundle 199

occipital cortex 176

medroxyprogesterone 170
mellitus 175
membrane fractions 195
memory 176-178, 180, 181, 185, 186, 193, 194, 200, 202, 205

loss 205

tasks 177

methamphetamine 173, 199, 207
methods 182, 183, 198, 202, 208
micrencephaly 195
midbrain 196
mineralocorticoid receptor 173, 192
morphine 183
Morris

maze 182, 190

water maze 207

mothers 181, 186, 190, 205, 206
motivation 184, 201
motor pyramids 178, 194
motor tasks 177
mouse 171, 195
mRNA 173, 178, 191
muscarinic receptors 194
muscle fibers 209
neocortex 177, 181
neonate 170-172, 175-177, 178, 184,187, 190, 191, 193-195, 199, 201-202, 203, 205-208
neophobia 180, 183, 192, 206
nerve growth factor 190, 192
nest 147, 169, 176, 182, 190

building 176

neural 171, 173-176, 180, 182, 184, 195, 197, 200, 205-208
neurobehavioral plasticity 193
neuroendocrine effects 173
neuronal

development 172

plasticity 190

transmitter 192

neurons 178, 189, 194, 204, 205
neurotoxicity 202
noise 169, 171, 180, 182, 191
nonpregnant 182
noradrenaline 171, 177, 206
norepinephrine 187, 191, 193, 196
normotensive 189
novel environments 180, 189
noxious stimuli 185
nucleus accumbens 171, 177
nursing 190
nutrient self-selection 187
nutrition 170, 172, 174, 178, 185
object exploration test 207
observations 195
occipital cortex 172, 176, 178, 186, 197, 205, 207
occupational exposure 204
odors 179
old 171, 174, 176, 181, 185, 190, 200, 201, 204, 205
olfaction 172, 175, 183
ontogenetic descriptions 204
open field 174, 176, 179, 180, 183-188, 190, 191, 195, 198-199, 201, 206, 208
operant

chambers 173

procedure 179

task 198, 207

order 201

organ weights 172
ovarian steroids 188
pain reception 200
pair

housing 200

interaction 187

paired flashes 205
pairs 177, 195
paraventricular nucleus 189
parietal 176
passive 174, 186

avoidance problem 186

pavlovian tasks 207
peer 184
perceptually enriched 180
physiological responses 189
pinning behavior 192, 200
plasticity 171, 174, 176, 184, 190, 193, 203-205
play 170, 174, 181-184, 187, 190, 192, 194, 200-202, 204

behavior 174, 187, 200-202, 204

fighting 194

motivation 201

restricted 201

rough-and-tumble 183, 201

plucking 203
postlesion performance 197
postnatal 173, 177, 181, 182, 186, 194
postsynaptic structures 199
postweaning 172, 173, 176, 179, 182-184, 193-194, 203, 205, 207
predation 186
preference test 179
pregnancy 175, 182, 204
pregnant 175, 182, 186, 195
prelesion performance 197
premature weaning 199
preproenkephalin 173
preprosomatostatin-mRNA 191
pretraining 202
pre-pregnancy 175
problem-solving 184, 191
progestin 170
protein 173, 187, 194, 201, 202, 206

kinase C 194, 202

kinase 194, 202

turnover 194

pups 175, 201
quinine 208
radial maze 174, 186, 202, 205
receptor binding 202
recording device 208
red blood cells 184
reflex maturation 195
reinforcement 173, 198
REM sleep 190
reproduction 178, 203
response-contingent events 198
reward 192, 198
ricin A toxin 189
running wheel 170, 176, 185, 193, 196, 201
sedentary 185
self-administration 183, 209
sensorimotor cortex 180, 182
sensory stimuli 189, 208
separation 202
septal lesions 174
serotonin 196
sex 172, 174, 182, 186, 187, 200
sexual

maturity 204

mounting 194

shock thresholds 179
shuttlebox 177, 178, 186, 195

avoidance 178, 186

siblings 204
size 177-179, 181, 185, 187, 190, 200, 205
Skinner box 198
social 169-171, 173, 176, 177, 182-184, 187, 188, 190, 192, 195, 199-202, 204, 205, 208, 209

behavior 146, 170, 208

contact 183

groups 169, 176, 182

interaction 171, 195, 201

isolation 169, 184, 190, 192, 199, 209

play 182-184, 200, 204

threat 177

socialization 176, 179, 185, 200
sodium 173, 209

barbital 209

space 170, 187, 189, 199

requirements 199

spatial 177, 178, 183, 188, 190-192, 205-207

learning 188, 191, 192

relationships 183

spontaneous alternation 186, 208
stomach 187
straight alley 181
strain

Berkeley-S1 170, 178, 195, 196, 199, 204, 207, 208

Brattleboro 181

Brown-Norway 189

Carworth 187, 201

CD 172, 180

Charles River 200

Fischer 184, 185, 196, 199, 207

Fischer 344 185

Holtzman 175, 179, 186, 187, 194, 206

Holtzman-derived 179

hooded 175, 179, 185, 198, 202, 208, 209

Hooded Lister 175, 185, 198

Lister hooded 198

Long-Evans 172, 176, 177, 179-183, 186, 188, 192, 199-203, 206, 207

Norway 175, 184, 189, 190

Norwegian 202

Purdue Wistar 205

RHA-Verh 181

RLA-Verh 181

S3 200

Sprague-Dawley 169, 171, 172, 174, 176-178, 180, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191, 193, 194, 196, 203

Turkestan 201, 202

Wistar 169, 171, 173, 174, 179, 183, 184, 187-193, 200, 203-205, 208

Wistar-Kyoto 189, 193

streptozotocin 175
stress 169, 173, 174, 180, 183, 187-191, 193, 196, 197, 199, 200, 204, 207
striatum 169, 171, 177, 194
stroking 202
subcortex 178, 195
subdominant 192
subordinate male 194
superior colliculi 208
superoxide dismutase 187
swimming 173, 187

maze 173

synaptogenesis 171
tactile stimuli 203
tasks 177, 182, 207
taste 176, 180

aversion 176

telencephalon 181
temperature 195
testosterone 170
testosterone anti-serum 170
thymus 187
time 190, 208
tonic immobility 177, 204
total energy intake 187
toys 170-172, 174, 176, 179, 184, 187, 190, 194, 200, 203, 205
training 172, 175, 180, 185, 187, 193, 195, 198, 204, 209
transcription factor 192
treadmill 172, 175, 180, 185, 187, 209
T-maze 180, 184, 205
ulcers 197
ultrasonic vocalizations 175, 207
undernutrition 185, 188, 203
urea 209
urination 190
urine 179
ventral 172
virgin 175
vision 184, 206
visual

cortex 170-172, 200

discrimination 185, 196, 209

enrichment 170, 189

pattern discrimination 190

stimuli 203

Vitamin A 173
Vitamin B1 196
vocalizations 175, 191, 207
wall thickness 185
water

acquisition 187

consumption 179, 186, 191, 197

control 147

deprivation 196

maze 178, 193, 194, 197, 207

weaning 174, 176, 183, 192, 194, 199, 203
weanling 169, 172-174, 179, 183, 184, 186, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195-197, 202, 203, 208, 209
weight 170, 172-175, 178, 179, 183-185, 187, 188, 190, 191, 195, 196, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 208
welfare 169, 171, 176, 191, 199
wellbeing 189, 191
wild 184
wire 195
Wistar-Kyoto 189, 193
wood shavings 172
xylocaine 201
young 169, 177, 179, 181-183, 185, 190, 192, 194, 200-203, 205, 208
zinc sulfate 190

Wild Rodents

Environmental Enrichment in Rodents
by Heleen A. van de Weerd and Vera Baumans, Utrecht University, pages 145-150
Rodent Bibliography: Wild Rodents, pages 211-212

body temperature 212
abstract 212
adverse environments 212
alarm response 211
bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) 145, 211, 212
behavior 145, 211, 212
brain weight 211
breeding 212
burrows 212
bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea) 211
cage size 149, 211
capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) 211
care 212
chemical cues 211
communication 212
conflicts 211
den boxes 211
development 211
environmental enrichment 149, 211, 212
euthermic 212
female 211
flight or fight response 211
frequency of torpor 212
ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) 211, 212
groups 212
housing 211, 212
huddling 212
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris 211
impoverished 212
isolation 212
male 211
mouse 212
naked mole-rats 211
nest 211, 212
observations 211
outdoor 212
perception 211, 212
pheromones 211
preference test 211
radiotelemetry 212
reproduction 211, 212
size 211
social 211, 212

behavior 211

groups 212

stereotypies 211
strain

BALB/cj 211

Golden 211

temperature 212
tree squirrels (Sciurus sp.) 211
vocalization 212
weight 211
white-footed mouse 212
woodchuck 212

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August 11, 1998
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