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EPA 540/R-02/500
Preliminary
Pages (PDF, 105 Kb, 15 pp)
Executive
Summary (PDF, 35 Kb, 4 pp)
Section
1 - Introduction (PDF, 36 Kb, 6 pp)
Section
2 - Site Description, Objectives, and Procedures (PDF,
60 Kb, 13 pp)
Section
3 - Groundwater Circulation Well System (PDF, 34 Kb,
6 pp)
Section
4 - In Situ Groundwater Flow Sensors (PDF, 34 Kb,
6 pp)
Section
5 - Results and Interpretation of Flow Sensor Data Collection
(PDF, 74 Kb, 17 pp)
Section
6 - Results of Technology Evaluation (PDF, 38 Kb,
8 pp)
Section
7 - Conclusions (PDF, 29 Kb, 3 pp)
Section
8 - References (PDF, 19 Kb, 1 pp)
Figures
1 through 76 and Tables 1-8 (PDF, 9229 Kb, 86 pp)
Appendix
A - Hydrogeological Investigation Report of the Aquifer
Treated by the Wasatch Groundwater Circulation Well System
Cape Canaveral Air Station Cape Canaveral, Florida
(PDF, 2816 Kb, 77 pp)
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program evaluated
performance of HydroTechnics, Inc. flow sensors in measuring the
three-dimensional flow pattern created by operation of the Wasatch
Environmental, Inc. (WEI) groundwater circulation well (GCW).
The GCW is a dual-screened, in-well air-stripping system designed
to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) from groundwater. Operation
of the GCW creates a groundwater flow pattern that forms a three-dimensional
regime known as a “circulation cell.” EPA’s evaluation of the
GCW circulation cell involved use of in situ groundwater velocity
flow sensors that were developed at Sandia National Laboratories
and manufactured by HydroTechnics, Inc.
This Technology Evaluation Report (TER) documents and summarizes
the findings of EPA’s evaluation of HydroTechnics’ flow sensors.
The flow sensors are in situ instruments that use a thermal perturbation
technique to directly measure the velocity of groundwater flow
in unconsolidated, saturated, porous media. The manufacturer claims
that the flow meter can measure horizontal and vertical flow rates
and direction in the range is 0.01 to 2.0 feet per day (ft/day)
(0.3 to 60.96 centimeter per second [cm/s]). The GCW is a patented
system manufactured by WEI and was demonstrated at Cape Canaveral
Air Station (CCAS) by the U.S. Air Force Center for Environmental
Excellence (AFCEE). AFCEE conducted a comprehensive evaluation
of the GCW, including contaminant mass removal rates, groundwater
dye tracer studies, and numerical modeling. Demonstration data
collected by AFCEE are documented separately in “Groundwater Circulation
Well Technology Evaluation at Facility 1381, Cape Canaveral Air
Station, Florida Technology Summary Report” (Parsons 2001).
The primary conclusions of EPA’s evaluation of the HydroTechnics
flow sensors include:
- During GCW operation, the groundwater velocities measured
by all seven sensors increased by more than 0.1 ft/day, indicating
that (1) the sensors were within the circulation cell established
by the GCW, and (2) the horizontal extent of groundwater circulation
was greater than 15 feet. Flow direction data further support
the establishment of a circulation cell and that all the flow
sensors are within the horizontal extent of groundwater circulation
cell.
- The demonstration data suggest that the flow sensors are responsive
to changes in groundwater flow conditions and can be used
to help define and evaluate the three-dimensional flow patterns.
William Frietsch
frietsch.william@epa.gov
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