Innovative
Technology Evaluation Report
Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation Program
Evaluation of Soil Amendment
Technologies at the Crooksville/Roseville
Pottery Area of Concern
Rocky Mountain Remediation Services
Envirobond TM Process
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Innovative Technology Evaluation
Report
Evaluation of Soil
Amendment
Technologies at the Crooksville/Roseville
Pottery Area of Concern
Rocky Mountain Remediation Services
Envirobond TM Process
EPA 540/R-02/501
July 2002
Rocky Mountain Remediation Services, L.L.C. (RMRS), of Golden, Colorado,
has developed Envirobond-to treat soil contaminated with metals. RMRS
claims that Envirobond-forms metal complexes that immobilize toxic metals,
thereby reducing the risk to human health and the environment.
The Superfund InnovativeTechnology Evaluation (SITE) Program evaluated
an insituapplication of thetechnology during a demonstration at two
lead contamination sites in Roseville, Ohio, in September 1998. For
the demonstration, Envirobond-was applied to 10 experimental units at
a trailer park and one experimental unitat an inactive pottery factory.
Primary objective 1 (P1) wastoevaluatewhetherEnvirobond'" can
treat soil contaminated with lead tomeet the Resource Conservation and
RecoveryAct (RCRA)/Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) alternative
universal treatment standards (UTS) for land disposal of soils contaminated
with lead. The alternative UTS for soil contaminated with lead is determined
from the results of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP).
The alternative UTS is met if the concentration of lead in the TCLP
extract is no higher than one of the following: (1) 7.5 milligrams per
liter (mg/L), or(2) 10 percent of the lead concentration in the TCLP
extract from the untreated soil. Contaminated soils with TCLP lead concentrations
below the alternative UTS meet the RCRA land disposal restrictions (LDR),
and thus are eligible for disposal in a land-based RCRA hazardous waste
disposal unit. The .alternative UTS is defined further underTitle 40
of the Code of Federal Regulations (C FR), Chapter 1, part 268.49 (40
CFR 268.49). To meet that objective, soil samples were collected before
and after the application of Envirobond-. The untreated and treated
soil samples were analyzed forTCLP lead concentrations to evaluate whether
the technology met objective P1. Analysis of the data demonstrated Envirobond-reduced
the mean TCLP lead concentration at the inactive pottery factory from
382 mg/L to 1.4 mg/L, a reduction of more than 99 percent.Therefore,
the treated soil meets the alternative UTS for soil at the inactive
pottery factory. Data from the trailer park were not used to evaluate
P1 because TCLP lead concentrations in all treated and untreated soil
samples from this location were either at or slightly higher than the
detection limit of 0.05 mg/L.
Primary objective 2 (P2) was to evaluate whether Envirobond-could decrease
the soil lead bioaccessibility by 25 percent or more, as defined bythe
Solubility/Bioaccessibility Research Consortium's (SBRC) Simplified
InVitro Test Method for Determining Soil Lead and Arsenic Bioaccessibility
(simplified in vitro method [SIVM]). However, EPA Lead Sites Workgroup
(LSW) andTechnical Review Workgroup for lead (TRW) atthis time, do not
endorse an in-vitro test for determining soil lead bioaccessibility
(Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation [ITRC] 1997).To meet
objective P2, soil samples were collected before and afterthe application
of Envirobond-.The soil samples were analyzed for soil lead bioaccessibility
to evaluate whetherthe technology met objective P2. Analysis of the
data demonstrates that Envirobond~ reduced the soil lead bioaccessibility
by approximately 12.1 percent, which is less than the project goal of
at least a 25 percent reduction in soil lead bioaccessibility. However,
it was recognized early on that meeting this goal would be difficult
because the SIVM test procedure used in the demonstration involves a
highly acidic sample digestion process, which maybe revised in the future,
because it may be exceeding the acid concentrations that would be expected
in a human stomach.
An economic analysis examined 12costcategoriesforascenario in which
the Envirobond-processwas applied at full scale to treat 807 cubic yards
lead contaminated soil at a 1-acre site within the CRPAC. The cost was
estimated to be $41.16 per cubic yard of treated soil. However, the
cost for using this technology is site-specific.
Contact
Bill Frietsch,
frietsch.william@epa.gov
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Posted October 4, 2002
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