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Democracy and Governance in Somalia
Somalia has been without a central government since 1991, and there
have been numerous failed attempts at reconciliation. Ongoing peace talks in Kenya, led by a regional
organization, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), repeatedly stalled during 2003.
Civil unrest is the primary obstacle to economic growth and development in Somalia. Somalia’s dynamic
trade and transportation sectors have helped to keep the nation’s economy afloat during years of crisis
and civil war. However, the absence of effective regulation or systematic oversight, either by Somalia or
the countries with which it trades, has generated diverse opportunities for trafficking in arms and
contraband.
U.S. national interests are clear: Stability and security will not be achieved in the greater Horn of Africa
region without an end to conflict and Somali support for terrorism. U.S. policy is to encourage the return
of Somalia to the international community. The United States and its allies combat extremism in Somalia
by taking an active role in the peace process and with humanitarian assistance and support for long-term
economic, social and democratic development.
USAID assistance to Somalia works for a more secure, less vulnerable Somalia.
The three main objectives of the program are: to strengthen local governance and conflict mitigation, to
provide for more productive livelihoods, and to respond to critical needs for vulnerable groups. The first
two objectives, funded through Development Assistance and Economic Support Funds, focus on
strengthening the capacity of civil society organizations, enhancing the institutional foundation for the rule
of law, and promoting economic opportunities by improving basic education, rehabilitating infrastructure
and supporting small economic initiatives that enhance alternative energy use. The third objective is
supported primarily by humanitarian assistance, including P.L. 480 food aid.
(Excerpted from the 2005 Congressional Budget Justification for Somalia)
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