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NSF PR 99-43 - June 14, 1999
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U.S. Industry Driving the Growth in Research &
Development Spending
Research and development (R&D) spending in the
United States reached an estimated $220.6 billion
in 1998, says a new National Science Foundation (NSF)
report.
However, the report says, industry, not government,
is responsible for most of the inflation-adjusted
5.3 percent increase over the estimated $205.6 billion
spent on R&D in 1997.
Industry has provided the largest share of financial
support for R&D in the U.S. since 1980, said Steven
Payson, author of the NSF Division of Science Resources
Studies (Special Report), National Patterns of R&D
Resources: 1998.
Preliminary 1998 estimates show industry R&D spending
increased in real terms 7.7 percent over 1997 to $143.7
billion, or 65.1 percent of the total. Federal support
increased 0.8 percent to $66.6 billion, for a record
low of 30.2 percent of the total.
"Nearly all ($140.8 billion) of the industry R&D
funds will be devoted to R&D performed by industry
itself, with the remainder directed toward academic
R&D ($1.8 billion) and R&D performed by other
nonprofit organizations ($1.0 billion)," Payson said.
Industry, including industry-administered federally
funded research and development centers (FFRDCs),
is expected to perform 75.1 percent of the nation’s
total R&D in 1998. Of this, 85 percent will come
from industry’s own funds; federal funding will account
for the remaining 15 percent (down from an all-time
high of 32 percent in 1987).
Most R&D spending (61.8 percent, or $136.4 billion)
is for development. Applied research accounts for
22.6 percent, or $49.8 billion; basic research for
15.6 percent, or $34.4 billion.
Other highlights of the special report:
- The 1998 expected U.S. ratio of R&D to Gross
Domestic Product of 2.61 percent is the highest
since 1992.
- Total R&D is substantially concentrated in
a small number of states. In 1995, the most recent
year for which figures are available, the six
states with the highest levels of R&D expenditures
were, in descending order, California, Michigan,
New York, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Texas.
They accounted for about half the national R&D
total.
- The highest ratios of R&D to Gross State
Product in 1995, in descending order, were in
New Mexico, the District of Columbia, Michigan,
Massachusetts, Maryland, Delaware, California,
Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Washington.
- Defense-related R&D spending fell to 16.4
percent of the national (federal plus non-federal)
total in 1998, down from a high of 31.8 percent
in 1987.
Editors: For the report see: http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/nsf99335/start.htm
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