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To assure that assistance in obtaining support (both financial and medical) is available to children through locating parents, establishing paternity and support obligations, and enforcing those obligations. *
*The Child Support Enforcement Program is authorized and defined by statute, Title IV-D of the Social Security Act. The purpose and the mission of the Program are derived from the Act.
The nation's Child Support Enforcement Program (CSE) is a federal/state/local partnership to help families by promoting family self-sufficiency and child well-being.
About CSE
All states and territories run a child support enforcement program, usually in the human services department, department of revenue, or the state Attorney General’s office, often with the help of prosecuting attorneys, district attorneys, other law enforcement agencies and officials of family or domestic relations courts. Native American Tribes, too, can operate culturally appropriate child support programs with Federal funding. Families seeking government child support services must apply directly through their state/local agency or one of the tribes running the program. Services are available to a parent with custody of a child whose other parent is living outside the home. Services are available automatically for families receiving assistance under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program.
Services within the CSE:
• locating non-custodial parents
• establishing paternity
• establishing support orders
• collecting support payments
• services for Non-Custodial parents
Locating Non-Custodial Parents
Child support enforcement officials can use information from highly computerized State and Federal Parent Locator Services (FPLS) to locate parents, their income and assets.
Establishing Paternity – Legally Identifying a Child's Father
Legally identifying a child’s father is called paternity establishment. This is the necessary first step for obtaining an order for child support when a child is born out of wedlock. In addition to providing a legal relationship between a father and child, establishing paternity can provide a child with:
- access to Social Security benefits, pension and retirement benefits
- medical insurance and health information
- important interactions and relationships with both parents.
In a disputed case, father, mother and child can be required to submit to genetic tests. States must have procedures that allow paternity to be established up to the child’s 18th birthday. Hospitals must provide fathers the opportunity to acknowledge paternity voluntarily at the time of birth.
Establishing Support Orders
States must have guidelines to determine how much a parent should pay for child support. Child support orders can be established by a court or by an administrative hearing process. Provisions for health insurance coverage must be included in the support order.
Collecting Support
A parent can be required to pay child support by income withholding. Nationally, over 60 percent of child support is paid in this manner. Overdue child support can be collected from:
- Federal and state income tax refunds
- liens placed on property
- sale of property.
When past-due child support is owed, the following may occur:
- Unpaid child support can be reported automatically to credit reporting bureaus.
- Drivers, professional, occupational and recreational licenses can be suspended if the obligated parent is not paying required support.
- The U.S. State Department will deny a passport to someone who owes more than $5000 in back child support.
- Child support agencies have agreements with financial institutions to freeze and seize accounts of those identified as owing back child support.
- In certain states and under certain circumstances, criminal actions can be taken against chronic delinquent parents who owe large sums of child support.
Services for Non-Custodial Parents
Non-custodial parents can use the CSE program to establish paternity, establish wage-withholding and to request a review of their support orders if circumstances have changed. The Federal Parent Locator Service is available through state CSE programs to locate a child whose whereabouts has been hidden in violation of a custody or visitation order.
CSE Highlights:
In 2003, for the first time, 90 percent of child support collections have gone to families. Welfare recipients now make up just 17 percent of our caseload – the largest group of clients is families who no longer need public assistance, in large part because of child support collections. Preliminary data indicate that, in FY 2003:
- The program collected $21.2 billion.
- The total caseload was 15.9 million.
- The FPLS returned employment or address information for over 4.5 million cases during FY 2003.
- During FY 2003, the Multistate Financial Institution Data Match (MSFIDM) program located an average of 1.8 million accounts per quarter containing financial assets per which were owned by over 1 million delinquent parents.
- The number of paternities established or acknowledged was 1.5 million.
- The number of new support orders established was 1.2 million.
With the publication of Final Rules and Regulations for Tribal Child Support Enforcement, Tribes and Tribal organizations can choose to operate a Title IV-D Tribal Child Support Enforcement Program. These programs establish paternity, modify and enforce support orders and locate absent parents.
The Federal child support enforcement program has been cited by the Office of Management and Budget as the highest rated among all social services and grant programs reviewed government wide in a study aimed at ensuring that government programs provide results that justify the public’s investment.
In FY 2003, $3.4 billion in Federal funding was provided to states to help defray the costs of the program. A total of $21.2 billion was collected at a combined state/Federal cost of $5.2 billion – more than $4 were collected for each $1 spent.
CSE Special Initiatives:
Grants provided by the Federal government are providing funding to states for programs designed to:
- increase non-custodial parents' access to, and visitation with, their children. These programs can provide: mediation, counseling, parenting education, supervised visitation, development of visitation and custody guidelines;
- increase low-income parents' ability to support and nurture their children
- help incarcerated or recently released parents to establish, or re-establish, a supportive family relationship and contribute to the emotional and financial well-being of their children
- test new strategies to improve child support outcomes through healthy marriage programs that help interested couples to develop skills and knowledge needed to form and sustain healthy marriages and healthy relationships. When marriage is not an option, these skills help to ensure that both parents continue to support their children and be envolved in their lives.
Funding
—In 2004, $3.9 million is available for Child Support Enforcements
Office of Child Support Enforcement
Administration for Children and Families
370 L’Enfant Promenade, SW
Washington, DC 20447
202.401.9373
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Updated August 2004
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