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Papers, Reports, and Studies
OCHP sponsors projects that result in papers, reports, and studies
on
children's environmental health.
Papers
- The Price Premium for Organic Babyfood. Upcoming in the
Journal of
Agricultural
and Resource Economics. Maguire, Kelly B., Nicole Owens, and
Nathalie B.
Simon. Abstract: The price premium associated with organic babyfood
is
estimated by applying a hedonic model to price and characteristic
data for
babyfood products collected in two cities: Raleigh, North Carolina
and San
Jose, California. The price per ounce of babyfood is modeled as a
function of
a number of babyfood and store characteristics. The resulting organic
price
premium is equal to approximately 3 to 4 cents per ounce. To the
extent this
premium reflects consumer willingness-to-pay to reduce pesticide
exposures, it
could be used to infer values for reduced dietary exposures to
pesticide
residues for young children.
- Valuation of Childhood Risk
Reduction: The Importance of Age,
Risk
Preferences, and Perspective, Risk Analysis, vol.
22, no.
2.
Dockins
C., R.R. Jenkins, N. Owens, N. B. Simon and L. Bembenek
Wiggins. This article explores two problems analysts face in
determining how to
estimate values for children's health and safety risk reductions. The
first
addresses the question: Do willingness-to-pay estimates for health
risk changes
differ across children and adults and, if so, how? To answer this
question, the
article first examines the potential effects of age and risk
preferences on
willingness to pay. A summary of the literature reporting empirical
evidence of
differences between willingness to pay for adult health and safety
risk
reductions and willingness to pay for health and safety risk
reductions in
children is also provided. The second dimension of the problem is a
more
fundamental issue: Whose perspective is relevant when valuing
children's health
effects - society's, children's, adults-as-children, or parents'? Each
perspective is considered, followed ultimately by the conclusion that
adopting
a parental perspective through an intrahousehold allocation model
seems closest
to meeting the needs of the estimation problem at hand. A policy
example in
which the choice of perspective affects the outcome of a regulatory
benefit-cost analysis rounds out the article and emphasizes the
importance of
perspective.
- Valuing Reduced Risks
to Children: The Case of Bicycle Safety
Helmets (PDF/206K).
Jenkins, Robin R., Nicole Owens, and Lanelle Bembenek Wiggins.
Contemporary
Economic Policy, vol. 19, no. 4, October 2001, pp. 397-408.
Abstract:
The
protection of children's health has recently become a mandated
priority for
federal policy makers. To assess many of the regulations that affect
children's health, policy makers need estimates of the monetary value
of
reducing mortality risks to children. Although the economics
literature has
provided many estimates of the value of statistical life (VSL) for
adult
populations, it has provided none for school age children. This
article
studies the market for bicycle safety helmets and estimates for the
first time
a separate but comparable VSL for children and adults. We derive
three
estimates of VSL for each of three age categories (5 to 9, 10 to
14, and 20 to
59) that range from $1.1 to $4.0 million. In all cases, estimates
for adults
are highest, followed by estimates for the youngest
children.
- Willingness to Pay for
Reduced Accident Risk for Children:
Inferences from
the Demand for Bicycle Safety Helmets (November 2003) (PDF/405K).
Jenkins, Robin
R., Nicole
Owens, and
Lanelle Bembenek Wiggins. Paper presented at the Valuing Environmental
Health
Risk Reductions to Children Workshop, October 20-21, 2003, Washington,
DC.
Abstract: This paper develops a household production model in which
parents
produce
bicycling safety for
their children. Using
data from the
National
Survey on Recreation and the Environment,
via a random utility
model, we
estimate
conditional indirect utility as a function of bike safety
and infer
WTP for reduced risk of fatal and non-fatal head injury. We obtain
estimates
of parental values for children that include a VSL of $9.5 million
and a VSI of
$7.0 million.
- Air Pollution and
Asthma: The Effects of Ambient Exposure on Asthma Medication Use
(PDF/94K)
Reports
Studies
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