Scientific Data Documentation
Health United States, 1989
HEALTH STATUS AND DETERMINANTS
Resident pop.-age,sex,race:U.S.,selected years 1950-87
Table 1. Resident population, according to age, sex, and race:
United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on decennial census updated by data from multiple sources)
Total
Sex, race, resident Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34
and year population 1 year years years years years
All races Number in thousands
1950............. 150697 3147 13017 24319 22098 23759
1960............. 179323 4112 16209 35465 24020 22818
1970............. 203212 3485 13669 40746 35441 24907
1980............. 226546 3534 12815 34942 42487 37082
1986............. 241096 3768 14384 33860 39021 42779
1987............. 243400 3771 14481 34146 38252 43315
35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 years
years years years years years and over
Number in thousands
1950............. 21450 17343 13370 8340 3278 577
1960............. 24081 20485 15572 10997 4633 929
1970............. 23088 23220 18590 12435 6119 1511
1980............. 25635 22800 21703 15581 7729 2240
1986............. 33070 22815 22232 17332 9060 2776
1987............. 34305 23276 22019 17668 9301 2867
Total
Sex, race, resident Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34
and year population 1 year years years years years
White male Number in thousands
1950............. 67129 1400 5845 10860 9689 10430
1960............. 78367 1784 7065 15659 10483 9940
1970............. 86721 1501 5873 17667 15232 10775
1980............. 94976 1487 5402 14773 18123 15940
1986............. 99810 1565 5973 14020 16289 18193
1987............. 100589 1567 6000 14108 15902 18384
35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 years
years years years years years and over
Number in thousands
1950............. 9529 7836 6180 3736 1406 218
1960............. 10564 9114 6850 4702 1875 331
1970............. 9979 10090 7958 4916 2243 487
1980............. 11010 9774 9151 6096 2600 621
1986............. 14172 9663 9290 6876 3062 706
1987............. 14690 9851 9180 7028 3154 723
Total
Sex, race, resident Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34
and year population 1 year years years years years
Black male Number in thousands
1950............. 7300 --- --- 1442 1162 1105
1960............. 9114 281 1082 2185 1305 1120
1970............. 10748 245 975 2784 2041 1226
1980............. 12585 269 967 2614 2807 1967
1986............. 13892 289 1091 2667 2759 2488
1987............. 14103 289 1104 2697 2740 2549
35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 years
years years years years years and over
Number in thousands
1950............. 1003 772 460 299 --- ---
1960............. 1086 891 617 382 137 29
1970............. 1084 979 739 461 169 46
1980............. 1235 1024 854 567 228 53
1986............. 1593 1092 951 633 262 67
1987............. 1663 1117 961 647 268 69
Total
Sex, race, resident Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34
and year population 1 year years years years years
White female Number in thousands
1950............. 67813 1341 5599 10431 9821 10851
1960............. 80465 1714 6795 15068 10596 10204
1970............. 91028 1434 5615 16912 15420 11004
1980............. 99835 1412 5127 14057 17653 15896
1986............. 104501 1486 5674 13295 15861 17852
1987............. 105231 1487 5700 13377 15479 18024
35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 years
years years years years years and over
Number in thousands
1950............. 9719 7868 6168 4031 1669 314
1960............. 11000 9364 7327 5428 2441 527
1970............. 10349 10756 8853 6366 3429 890
1980............. 11232 10285 10325 7951 4457 1440
1986............. 14297 10039 10351 8657 5166 1825
1987............. 14783 10217 10202 8788 5284 1887
Total
Sex, race, resident Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34
and year population 1 year years years years years
Black female Number in thousands
1950............. 7745 --- --- 1446 1300 1260
1960............. 9758 283 1085 2191 1404 1300
1970............. 11832 243 970 2773 2196 1456
1980............. 14046 266 951 2578 2937 2267
1986............. 15413 283 1058 2596 2837 2797
1987............. 15633 283 1069 2620 2812 2855
35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 years
years years years years years and over
Number in thousands
1950............. 1112 796 443 322 --- ---
1960............. 1229 974 663 430 160 38
1970............. 1309 1134 868 582 230 71
1980............. 1488 1258 1059 776 360 106
1986............. 1906 1347 1155 858 430 145
1987............. 1990 1375 1164 871 442 152
Note: Population figures are census counts as of April 1 for 1950,
1960, 1970, and 1980 and estimates as of July 1 for 1986 and 1987
SOURCES: U.S. Bureau of the Census: 1950 Nonwhite Population by Race.
Special Report P-E, No.3B. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office
Series P-25, Nos. 499 and 1022. Washington. U.S. Government Printing
Office, May 1973 and Mar. 1988; U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census
of Population: 1960, Number of Inhabitants, PC(1)-A1, United States
Summary 1964. U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population:
1970, Number of Inhabitants, Final Report PC(1)-A1, United States
Summary, 1971; Unpublished data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
2Fertility and Natality
3Live/crude birth,incl. by age mother/race child,U.S.,1950-87
Table 2. Live births, crude birth rates, and birth rates by age of mother,
according to race of child: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Age
Crude
Race of child Live birth 10-14 15-17 18-19 20-24
and year births rate1/ years years years years
All races Live births per 1,000 women
1950.............. 3632000 24.1 1.0 40.7 132.7 196.6
1955.............. 4097000 25.0 0.9 44.5 157.9 241.6
1960.............. 4257850 23.7 0.8 43.9 166.7 258.1
1965.............. 3760358 19.4 0.8 36.6 124.5 195.3
1970.............. 3731386 18.4 1.2 38.8 114.7 167.8
1975.............. 3144198 14.6 1.3 36.1 85.0 113.0
1980.............. 3612258 15.9 1.1 32.5 82.1 115.1
1981.............. 3629238 15.8 1.1 32.1 81.7 111.8
1982.............. 3680537 15.9 1.1 32.4 80.7 111.3
1983.............. 3638933 15.5 1.1 32.0 78.1 108.3
1984.............. 3669141 15.5 1.2 31.1 78.3 107.3
1985.............. 3760561 15.8 1.2 31.1 80.8 108.9
1986.............. 3756547 15.6 1.3 30.6 81.0 108.2
1987.............. 3809394 15.7 1.3 31.8 80.2 108.9
White
1950.............. 3108000 23.0 0.4 31.3 120.5 190.4
1955.............. 3485000 23.8 0.3 35.4 145.7 235.8
1960.............. 3600744 22.7 0.4 35.5 154.6 252.8
1965.............. 3123860 18.3 0.3 27.8 111.9 189.0
1970.............. 3091264 17.4 0.5 29.2 101.5 163.4
1975.............. 2551996 13.6 0.6 28.0 74.0 108.2
1980.............. 2898732 14.9 0.6 25.2 72.1 109.5
1981.............. 2908669 14.8 0.5 25.1 71.9 106.3
1982.............. 2942054 14.9 0.6 25.2 70.8 105.9
1983.............. 2904250 14.6 0.6 24.8 68.3 102.6
1984.............. 2923502 14.5 0.6 23.9 68.1 101.4
1985.............. 2991373 14.8 0.6 24.0 70.1 102.8
1986.............. 2970439 14.5 0.6 23.4 69.8 101.5
1987.............. 2992488 14.5 0.6 24.1 68.6 101.1
Black
1960.............. 602264 31.9 4.3 --- --- 295.4
1965.............. 581126 27.7 4.3 99.3 227.6 243.1
1970.............. 572362 25.3 5.2 101.4 204.9 202.7
1975.............. 511581 20.7 5.1 85.6 152.4 142.8
1980.............. 589616 22.1 4.3 73.6 138.8 146.3
1981.............. 587797 21.6 4.1 70.6 135.9 141.2
1982.............. 592641 21.4 4.1 71.2 133.3 139.1
1983.............. 586027 20.9 4.1 70.1 130.4 137.7
1984.............. 592745 20.8 4.3 69.7 132.0 137.9
1985.............. 608193 21.1 4.5 69.8 137.1 140.8
1986.............. 621221 21.2 4.6 70.0 141.0 143.7
1987.............. 641567 21.6 4.7 72.9 142.2 149.5
Age
Race of child 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49
and year years years years years years
All races Live births per 1,000 women
1950.............. 166.1 103.7 52.9 15.1 1.2
1955.............. 190.2 116.0 58.6 16.1 1.0
1960.............. 197.4 112.7 56.2 15.5 0.9
1965.............. 161.6 94.4 46.2 12.8 0.8
1970.............. 145.1 73.3 31.7 8.1 0.5
1975.............. 108.2 52.3 19.5 4.6 0.3
1980.............. 112.9 61.9 19.8 3.9 0.2
1981.............. 112.0 61.4 20.0 3.8 0.2
1982.............. 111.0 64.2 21.1 3.9 0.2
1983.............. 108.7 64.6 22.1 3.8 0.2
1984.............. 108.3 66.5 22.8 3.9 0.2
1985.............. 110.5 68.5 23.9 4.0 0.2
1986.............. 109.2 69.3 24.3 4.1 0.2
1987.............. 110.8 71.3 26.2 4.4 0.2
White
1950.............. 165.1 102.6 51.4 14.5 1.0
1955.............. 186.6 114.0 56.7 15.4 0.9
1960.............. 194.9 109.6 54.0 14.7 0.8
1965.............. 158.4 91.6 44.0 12.0 0.7
1970.............. 145.9 71.9 30.0 7.5 0.4
1975.............. 108.1 51.3 18.2 4.2 0.2
1980.............. 112.4 60.4 18.5 3.4 0.2
1981.............. 111.3 60.2 18.7 3.4 0.2
1982.............. 110.3 63.3 20.0 3.5 0.2
1983.............. 108.0 64.0 21.0 3.5 0.2
1984.............. 107.7 66.1 21.7 3.5 0.2
1985.............. 110.0 68.1 22.7 3.6 0.2
1986.............. 108.3 68.9 23.3 3.7 0.2
1987.............. 109.5 70.8 25.2 4.0 0.2
Black
1960.............. 218.6 137.1 73.9 21.9 1.1
1965.............. 180.4 111.3 61.9 18.7 1.4
1970.............. 136.3 79.6 41.9 12.5 1.0
1975.............. 102.2 53.1 25.6 7.5 0.5
1980.............. 109.1 62.9 24.5 5.8 0.3
1981.............. 108.3 60.4 24.2 5.6 0.3
1982.............. 106.9 60.4 24.4 5.4 0.4
1983.............. 103.4 59.2 24.7 5.2 0.3
1984.............. 103.2 59.5 24.8 5.1 0.2
1985.............. 105.1 60.7 25.5 4.9 0.3
1986.............. 105.9 62.2 25.5 5.1 0.3
1987.............. 109.0 63.5 26.3 5.3 0.2
1/Live births per 1,000 population.
NOTE: Data are based on births adjusted for underregistration for 1950 and
1955 and on registered births for all other years. Beginning in 1970,
births to nonresidents of the United States are excluded.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, 1987, Vol. I, Natality. Public Health Service.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989.
3Fertility rate, by live-birth & race of child, U.S., 1950-87
Table 3. Fertility rates, according to live-birth order and race of
child: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Live-birth order
Race of child 5 or
and year Total 1 2 3 4 higher
All races Live births per 1,000 women 15-44 years of age
1950............ 106.2 33.3 32.1 18.4 9.2 13.2
1955............ 118.3 32.8 31.8 23.1 13.3 17.3
1960............ 118.0 31.1 29.2 22.8 14.6 20.3
1965............ 96.6 29.8 23.4 16.6 10.7 16.1
1970............ 87.9 34.2 24.2 13.6 7.2 8.7
1975............ 66.0 28.1 20.9 9.4 3.9 3.7
1980............ 68.4 29.5 21.8 10.3 3.9 2.9
1981............ 67.4 29.0 21.6 10.2 3.8 2.8
1982............ 67.3 28.6 22.0 10.2 3.8 2.6
1983............ 65.8 27.8 21.5 10.1 3.7 2.6
1984............ 65.4 27.4 21.7 10.1 3.7 2.6
1985............ 66.2 27.6 22.0 10.4 3.8 2.5
1986............ 65.4 27.2 21.6 10.3 3.8 2.5
1987............ 65.7 27.2 21.6 10.5 3.9 2.5
White
1950............ 102.3 33.3 32.3 17.9 8.4 10.4
1955............ 113.7 32.6 32.0 22.9 12.6 13.6
1960............ 113.2 30.8 29.2 22.7 14.1 16.4
1965............ 91.4 28.9 23.0 16.2 10.2 13.1
1970............ 84.1 32.9 23.7 13.3 6.8 7.4
1975............ 62.5 26.7 20.3 8.8 3.5 3.1
1980............ 64.7 28.4 21.0 9.5 3.4 2.4
1981............ 63.9 28.1 20.9 9.4 3.3 2.3
1982............ 63.9 27.7 21.3 9.5 3.3 2.2
1983............ 62.4 26.8 20.9 9.4 3.3 2.1
1984............ 62.2 26.4 21.1 9.4 3.2 2.0
1985............ 63.0 26.5 21.4 9.7 3.3 2.0
1986............ 61.9 26.0 20.9 9.6 3.3 1.9
1987............ 62.0 25.9 20.9 9.8 3.4 1.9
Black
1960............ 153.5 33.6 29.3 24.0 18.6 48.0
1965............ 133.9 35.7 26.2 19.4 14.6 38.0
1970............ 115.4 43.3 27.1 16.1 10.0 18.9
1975............ 87.9 36.9 24.2 12.6 6.3 8.0
1980............ 88.1 35.2 25.7 14.5 6.7 6.0
1981............ 85.4 33.8 25.2 14.3 6.6 5.7
1982............ 84.1 33.0 24.9 14.2 6.5 5.4
1983............ 81.7 32.3 24.1 13.7 6.3 5.2
1984............ 81.4 32.2 24.1 13.7 6.3 5.1
1985............ 82.2 32.4 24.5 13.9 6.3 5.1
1986............ 82.4 32.5 24.5 14.1 6.3 4.9
1987............ 83.8 32.8 24.9 14.5 6.5 5.0
NOTE: Data are based on births adjusted for underregistration for 1950
and 1955 and on registered births for all other years.
Beginning in 1970, births to nonresidents of the United
States are excluded. Figures for live-birth order not stated
are distributed.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of
the United States, 1987, Vol. I, Natality. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989.
3Fertility rate/parity dist.women age 50-54 in 1930-88 by race
Table 4. Completed fertility rates and parity distribution for women
50-54 years of age at the beginning of selected years 1930-88,
according to race of child and birth cohort: United States,
selected birth cohorts 1876-1938
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Race of child Age 50-54 Completed
and birth as of fertility
cohort of mother January 1,-- rate1/ Total
All races
1876-80................. 1930 3,531.9 1,000.0
1886-90................. 1940 3,136.8 1,000.0
1896-1900............... 1950 2,675.9 1,000.0
1906-10................. 1960 2,285.8 1,000.0
1916-20................. 1970 2,574.0 1,000.0
1921-25................. 1975 2,856.9 1,000.0
1926-30................. 1980 3,079.2 1,000.0
1927-31................. 1981 3,118.0 1,000.0
1928-32................. 1982 3,152.7 1,000.0
1929-33................. 1983 3,182.8 1,000.0
1930-34................. 1984 3,199.7 1,000.0
1931-35................. 1985 3,201.4 1,000.0
1932-36................. 1986 3,182.4 1,000.0
1933-37................. 1987 3,146.4 1,000.0
1934-38................. 1988 3,092.5 1,000.0
Parity (number of children born alive)
0 1 2 3
Distribution of women2/
1876-80................. 216.8 123.2 132.0 114.0
1886-90................. 210.4 148.5 153.2 129.7
1896-1900............... 194.6 200.7 195.2 136.6
1906-10................. 215.6 225.1 218.7 131.4
1916-20................. 149.0 179.0 251.7 174.6
1921-25................. 108.5 152.1 248.7 197.0
1926-30................. 105.5 113.7 226.5 209.6
1927-31................. 104.1 107.4 222.4 212.0
1928-32................. 101.1 102.2 219.7 214.7
1929-33................. 96.3 98.9 218.0 217.7
1930-34................. 91.5 96.8 217.8 220.9
1931-35................. 87.2 96.3 218.8 224.0
1932-36................. 84.8 97.0 221.0 226.9
1933-37................. 84.0 98.7 224.4 229.5
1934-38................. 85.0 100.8 229.7 232.0
Parity (number of children born alive)
7 or
4 5 6 more
Distribution of women2/
1876-80................. 93.0 72.0 64.5 184.5
1886-90................. 99.5 68.0 55.4 135.3
1896-1900............... 87.8 53.5 41.5 90.1
1906-10................. 77.5 44.6 29.2 57.9
1916-20................. 102.8 55.8 32.0 55.1
1921-25................. 123.5 68.0 39.5 62.7
1926-30................. 143.5 81.9 47.6 71.7
1927-31................. 147.5 84.6 49.2 72.8
1928-32................. 151.3 87.0 50.8 73.2
1929-33................. 154.9 89.2 52.0 73.0
1930-34................. 157.9 90.7 52.6 71.8
1931-35................. 160.0 91.4 52.5 69.8
1932-36................. 160.8 91.3 51.7 66.5
1933-37................. 160.6 90.2 50.2 62.4
1934-38................. 159.2 87.7 48.1 57.5
Race of child Age 50-54 Completed
and birth as of fertility
cohort of mother January 1,-- rate1/ Total
White
1876-80................. 1930 3,444.4 1,000.0
1886-90................. 1940 3,092.9 1,000.0
1896-1900............... 1950 2,631.5 1,000.0
1906-10................. 1960 2,248.9 1,000.0
1916-20................. 1970 2,526.7 1,000.0
1921-25................. 1975 2,793.7 1,000.0
1926-30................. 1980 2,986.0 1,000.0
1927-31................. 1981 3,023.6 1,000.0
1928-32................. 1982 3,058.1 1,000.0
1929-33................. 1983 3,087.2 1,000.0
1930-34................. 1984 3,102.5 1,000.0
1931-35................. 1985 3,101.3 1,000.0
1932-36................. 1986 3,079.9 1,000.0
1933-37................. 1987 3,042.4 1,000.0
1934-38................. 1988 2,989.8 1,000.0
Parity (number of children born alive)
0 1 2 3
Distribution of women2/
1876-80................. 218.2 121.9 136.1 116.9
1886-90................. 209.1 144.3 160.3 132.4
1896-1900............... 193.1 192.1 205.9 141.4
1906-10................. 207.9 218.0 233.2 138.8
1916-20................. 134.6 175.9 268.7 185.1
1921-25................. 94.2 150.6 264.6 208.8
1926-30................. 94.1 114.1 240.2 222.3
1927-31................. 92.5 108.2 235.8 224.9
1928-32................. 89.5 103.2 232.9 227.6
1929-33................. 85.0 99.8 231.2 230.5
1930-34................. 81.2 97.6 230.5 233.6
1931-35................. 78.5 96.8 231.1 236.4
1932-36................. 77.9 97.0 232.9 239.2
1933-37................. 78.6 98.5 236.2 241.6
1934-38................. 80.7 100.6 241.2 243.9
Parity (number of children born alive)
7 or
4 5 6 more
Distribution of women2/
1876-80................. 94.8 74.0 64.2 173.9
1886-90................. 100.2 70.3 54.8 128.6
1896-1900............... 89.0 52.2 41.1 82.2
1906-10................. 79.6 44.7 28.0 49.8
1916-20................. 106.5 55.3 30.3 43.6
1921-25................. 127.9 67.9 36.9 49.1
1926-30................. 148.8 81.2 44.5 54.8
1927-31................. 153.0 83.9 46.0 55.6
1928-32................. 157.2 86.5 47.2 55.9
1929-33................. 161.1 88.6 48.2 55.6
1930-34................. 164.1 90.0 48.5 54.5
1931-35................. 166.0 90.5 48.2 52.5
1932-36................. 166.3 89.9 47.3 49.5
1933-37................. 165.5 88.1 45.5 46.0
1934-38................. 163.3 85.2 43.1 42.0
Race of child Age 50-54 Completed
and birth as of fertility
cohort of mother January 1,-- rate1/ Total
All other
1876-80................. 1930 4,254.7 1,000.0
1886-90................. 1940 3,451.4 1,000.0
1896-1900............... 1950 2,967.7 1,000.0
1906-10................. 1960 2,529.1 1,000.0
1916-20................. 1970 2,924.2 1,000.0
1921-25................. 1975 3,315.9 1,000.0
1926-30................. 1980 3,718.9 1,000.0
1927-31................. 1981 3,756.0 1,000.0
1928-32................. 1982 3,779.4 1,000.0
1929-33................. 1983 3,805.0 1,000.0
1930-34................. 1984 3,822.3 1,000.0
1931-35................. 1985 3,836.2 1,000.0
1932-36................. 1986 3,830.3 1,000.0
1933-37................. 1987 3,805.7 1,000.0
1934-38................. 1988 3,745.8 1,000.0
Parity (number of children born alive)
0 1 2 3
Distribution of women2/
1876-80................. 207.7 134.0 99.5 87.4
1886-90................. 231.9 175.9 105.9 96.6
1896-1900............... 227.4 255.0 114.1 97.5
1906-10................. 287.5 266.6 114.5 73.2
1916-20................. 266.2 202.0 120.9 91.2
1921-25................. 217.7 163.5 131.7 108.2
1926-30................. 187.4 110.8 130.2 121.0
1927-31................. 185.7 102.5 129.1 123.0
1928-32................. 181.6 96.7 129.4 126.5
1929-33................. 172.4 93.2 132.3 130.1
1930-34................. 160.3 92.2 136.0 135.3
1931-35................. 145.1 93.4 140.8 140.4
1932-36................. 131.0 96.4 145.5 145.5
1933-37................. 119.4 99.8 150.3 150.2
1934-38................. 113.8 102.8 154.9 155.3
Parity (number of children born alive)
7 or
4 5 6 more
Distribution of women2/
1876-80................. 79.9 54.7 64.8 272.0
1886-90................. 93.3 52.4 58.0 186.0
1896-1900............... 74.3 38.8 42.6 150.3
1906-10................. 60.1 43.5 35.6 119.0
1916-20................. 72.5 57.8 44.9 144.5
1921-25................. 89.0 68.7 56.4 164.8
1926-30................. 106.4 85.7 69.3 189.2
1927-31................. 109.1 88.1 71.4 191.0
1928-32................. 111.4 90.2 73.5 190.7
1929-33................. 114.4 93.1 75.1 189.4
1930-34................. 117.5 95.5 76.9 186.3
3Lifetime births expected by married women,% born: age/race'67-88
Table 5. Lifetime births expected by currently married women and percent of
expected births already born, according to age and race:
United States, selected years 1967-88
(Data are based on reporting of birth expectations by currently
married women of the civilian noninstitutionalized population)
All ages 18-19 20-21 22-24 25-29 30-34
Race and year 18-34 years years years years years years
All races Expected births per currently married woman
1967................... 3.1 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.3
1971................... 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 3.0
1975................... 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.6
1980................... 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2
1985................... 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
1986................... 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2
1987................... 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
1988................... 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2
White
1967................... 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.2
1971................... 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.9
1975................... 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.6
1980................... 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2
1985................... 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1
1986................... 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2
1987................... 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
1988................... 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2
Black
1967................... 3.5 * 2.5 3.0 3.4 4.3
1971................... 3.1 * 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.7
1975................... 2.8 * 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.2
1980................... 2.4 * 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.5
1985................... 2.4 * * 2.3 2.3 2.5
1986................... 2.4 * * 2.4 2.3 2.6
1987................... 2.3 * * 2.2 2.3 2.3
1988................... 2.3 * * 2.2 2.3 2.3
All races Percent of expected births already born
1967................... 70.2 26.9 33.2 47.8 76.1 92.7
1971................... 69.4 25.3 32.5 46.7 74.4 93.7
1975................... 68.8 27.5 30.7 43.9 70.9 93.0
1980................... 67.0 29.5 32.9 44.9 64.7 89.7
1985................... 64.2 27.0 30.9 41.8 60.2 84.4
1986................... 64.7 29.0 30.4 41.8 59.5 84.8
1987................... 66.5 27.8 36.4 43.0 62.0 83.8
1988................... 65.3 25.0 33.4 40.9 58.9 83.6
White
1967................... 68.9 24.2 30.1 46.2 75.1 92.9
1971................... 68.9 23.7 31.4 45.3 74.1 93.8
1975................... 68.2 24.9 29.4 42.3 70.5 93.2
1980................... 66.3 28.6 31.8 43.5 64.0 90.0
1985................... 63.3 25.7 30.6 40.4 59.4 84.1
1986................... 63.8 28.6 28.7 40.5 58.6 84.8
1987................... 65.6 27.0 36.0 42.0 60.9 83.6
1988................... 64.4 24.0 32.6 38.9 58.2 83.2
Black
1967................... 82.8 * 65.7 67.9 87.9 92.3
1971................... 74.8 * 43.0 57.5 81.0 93.4
1975................... 76.4 * 43.3 61.0 78.2 91.8
1980................... 74.7 * 46.1 58.9 73.8 90.9
1985................... 77.1 * * 62.3 72.8 91.4
1986................... 75.7 * * 59.7 70.2 90.0
1987................... 77.8 * * 55.4 76.6 89.7
1988................... 75.5 * * 61.4 70.1 89.9
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Population characteristics. Current
Population Reports. Series P-20, Nos. 301, 375, 406, 421, 427,
and 436. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Nov. 1976,
Oct. 1982, June 1986, Dec. 1987, May 1988, and May 1989.
3Characteristics live births by Hispanic org mom,child race'70-87
Table 6. Characteristics of live births, according to Hispanic origin
of mother and race of child: Selected States, 1970-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Ethnicity of mother, race
of child, and characteristic 1980 1981 1982 1983
Birth weight less than Percent of live births
2,500 grams
All origins1/..................... 6.88 6.85 6.83 6.91
Hispanic.......................... 6.12 6.12 6.23 6.29
Mexican......................... 5.62 5.61 5.72 5.77
Puerto Rican.................... 8.95 9.01 9.11 8.90
Cuban........................... 5.62 5.83 5.76 5.65
Non-Hispanic white................ 5.68 5.62 5.61 5.63
Non-Hispanic black................ 12.54 12.64 12.43 12.64
1984 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
All origins1/..................... 6.79 6.83 6.88 6.99
Hispanic.......................... 6.15 6.16 6.13 6.24
Mexican......................... 5.68 5.77 5.62 5.74
Puerto Rican.................... 8.88 8.69 9.22 9.30
Cuban........................... 5.86 6.02 5.46 5.89
Non-Hispanic white................ 5.52 5.59 5.58 5.63
Non-Hispanic black................ 12.36 12.42 12.65 12.88
1980 1981 1982 1983
Birth weight less than
1,500 grams Percent of live births
All origins1/..................... 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.19
Hispanic.......................... 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.03
Mexican......................... 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.96
Puerto Rican.................... 1.29 1.43 1.54 1.46
Cuban........................... 1.02 1.17 0.90 0.97
Non-Hispanic white................ 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.90
Non-Hispanic black................ 2.43 2.46 2.50 2.54
1884 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
All origins1/..................... 1.18 1.21 1.21 1.24
Hispanic.......................... 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.06
Mexican......................... 0.93 0.97 0.94 0.96
Puerto Rican.................... 1.49 1.30 1.47 1.63
Cuban........................... 1.04 1.18 1.09 0.97
Non-Hispanic white................ 0.88 0.91 0.89 0.91
Non-Hispanic black................ 2.52 2.62 2.64 2.69
1980 1981 1982 1983
Age of mother less than
20 years Percent of live births
All origins1/..................... 15.6 14.8 14.4 13.8
Hispanic.......................... 19.0 18.5 18.3 17.7
Mexican......................... 19.8 19.4 19.1 18.4
Puerto Rican.................... 23.3 23.1 23.0 22.4
Cuban........................... 13.0 12.8 11.4 9.4
Non-Hispanic white................ 12.5 11.8 11.3 10.7
Non-Hispanic black................ 26.9 25.5 24.9 24.3
1984 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
All origins1/..................... 13.2 12.8 12.7 12.5
Hispanic.......................... 17.0 16.5 16.4 16.3
Mexican......................... 18.0 17.5 17.4 17.3
Puerto Rican.................... 21.3 20.9 20.9 20.5
Cuban........................... 8.2 7.1 6.8 6.2
Non-Hispanic white................ 10.0 9.7 9.5 9.3
Non-Hispanic black................ 23.8 23.1 22.8 22.5
1980 1981 1982 1983
Unmarried mothers Percent of live births
All origins1/..................... 19.3 19.7 20.3 21.3
Hispanic.......................... 23.8 24.5 25.6 27.5
Mexican......................... 20.5 20.7 21.9 23.7
Puerto Rican.................... 46.3 48.0 49.0 49.5
Cuban........................... 10.0 14.3 15.9 16.2
Non-Hispanic white................ 9.3 9.8 10.2 10.7
Non-Hispanic black................ 56.5 57.1 58.0 59.5
All origins1/..................... 21.9 22.9 24.3 25.3
Hispanic.......................... 28.3 29.5 31.6 32.6
Mexican......................... 24.2 25.7 27.9 28.9
Puerto Rican.................... 50.8 51.1 52.6 53.0
Cuban........................... 16.2 16.1 15.8 16.1
Non-Hispanic white................ 11.3 12.1 13.2 13.9
Non-Hispanic black................ 60.5 61.0 62.2 63.1
1980 1981 1982 1983
Prenatal care began during Percent of live births
1st trimester
All origins1/..................... 74.7 74.8 74.5 74.6
Hispanic.......................... 60.2 60.6 61.0 61.0
Mexican......................... 59.6 60.1 60.7 60.2
Puerto Rican.................... 55.1 54.2 54.5 55.1
Cuban........................... 82.7 80.1 79.3 81.2
Non-Hispanic white................ 81.3 81.4 81.2 81.5
Non-Hispanic black................ 61.1 61.1 60.1 60.3
1984 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
All origins1/..................... 74.9 74.5 74.3 74.4
Hispanic.......................... 61.5 61.2 60.3 61.0
Mexican......................... 60.4 60.0 58.9 60.0
Puerto Rican.................... 57.4 58.3 57.2 57.4
Cuban........................... 82.2 82.5 81.8 83.1
Non-Hispanic white................ 81.7 81.5 81.6 81.9
Non-Hispanic black................ 61.0 60.5 60.6 60.4
1/Includes origin not stated.
NOTES: Data available only for States with an Hispanic-origin item on
their birth certificates. In 1980, there were 22 States;
in 1982, 23 States; and since 1983, 23 States and the District of
Columbia. About 90 percent of the total U.S. Hispanic
population resided in these States in 1986.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Births of Hispanic
parentage, 1980. Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 32,
No. 6 Supp. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 83-1120. Sept. 1983; Births of
Hispanic parentage, 1981. Monthly Vital Statistics Report.
Vol. 33, No. 8 Supp. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85-1120. Dec. 1984; Births
of Hispanic parentage, 1982. Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol.
34, No. 4 Supp. DHHS Pub. No. Parentage, 1983 and 1984. Monthly
Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 36, No. 4 Supp. (2). DHHS Pub. No.
(PHS) 87-1120 July 24, 1987; Births of Hispanic Parentage, 1985.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 36, No. 11 Supp. DHHS Pub.
No. (PHS) 88-1120. Feb. 26, 1988; Advance report of final natality
statistics, 1986. Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 37. No. 3
Supp. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1120. July 12, 1988; and Advance report
of final natality statistics, 1987. Monthly Vital Statistics Report.
Vol. 38. No. 3 Supp. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1120. June 29, 1989.
3Live births by race of child & select characteristics:U.S.'70-87
Table 7. Live births, according to race of child and selected characteristics:
United States, selected years 1970-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Race of child and
characteristic 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982
All races Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams............... 7.94 7.39 6.84 6.81 6.75
Less than 1,500 grams............... 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.16 1.18
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years.................. 6.3 7.6 5.8 5.4 5.2
18-19 years.........................11.3 11.3 9.8 9.4 9.0
Unmarried mothers.....................10.7 14.3 18.4 18.9 19.4
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................30.8 28.6 23.7 22.9 22.3
16 years or more.................... 8.6 11.4 14.0 14.8 15.3
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................68.0 72.4 76.3 76.3 76.1
3d trimester or no prenatal care.... 7.9 6.0 5.1 5.2 5.5
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams............... 6.82 6.72 6.75 6.81 6.90
Less than 1,500 grams............... 1.19 1.19 1.21 1.21 1.24
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years.................. 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.8
18-19 years......................... 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.8 7.6
Unmarried mothers.....................20.3 21.0 22.0 23.4 24.5
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................21.7 20.9 20.6 20.4 20.2
16 years or more....................15.9 16.4 16.7 17.1 17.6
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................76.2 76.5 76.2 75.9 76.0
3d trimester or no prenatal care.... 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.1
Race of child and
characteristic 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982
White Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams............... 6.84 6.26 5.70 5.67 5.63
Less than 1,500 grams............... 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.90 0.92
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years.................. 4.8 6.0 4.5 4.3 4.1
18-19 years.........................10.4 10.3 9.0 8.6 8.2
Unmarried mothers..................... 5.7 7.3 11.0 11.6 12.1
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................27.0 25.0 20.7 19.9 19.3
16 years or more.................... 9.5 12.7 15.6 16.4 17.0
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................72.4 75.9 79.3 79.4 79.3
3d trimester or no prenatal care.... 6.2 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.5
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams............... 5.67 5.59 5.64 5.64 5.68
Less than 1,500 grams............... 0.93 0.92 0.94 0.93 0.94
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years.................. 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7
18-19 years......................... 7.9 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.8
Unmarried mothers.....................12.8 13.4 14.5 15.7 16.7
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................18.7 18.0 17.8 17.6 17.3
16 years or more....................17.7 18.4 18.7 19.2 19.9
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................79.4 79.6 79.4 79.2 79.4
3d trimester or no prenatal care.... 4.6 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.0
Race of child and
characteristic 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982
Black Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams...............13.86 13.09 12.49 12.53 12.40
Less than 1,500 grams............... 2.40 2.37 2.44 2.47 2.51
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years..................14.7 16.1 12.2 11.4 11.1
18-19 years.........................16.6 16.8 14.3 13.9 13.5
Unmarried mothers.....................37.4 49.0 55.2 56.0 56.7
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................51.0 45.1 36.2 35.4 34.8
16 years or more.................... 2.8 4.4 6.3 6.6 6.8
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................44.4 55.8 62.7 62.4 61.5
3d trimester or no prenatal care....16.6 10.5 8.8 9.1 9.6
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams...............12.59 12.36 12.42 12.53 12.71
Less than 1,500 grams............... 2.55 2.56 2.65 2.66 2.73
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years..................10.9 10.6 10.3 10.4 10.5
18-19 years.........................13.4 13.1 12.7 12.4 12.1
Unmarried mothers.....................58.2 59.2 60.1 61.2 62.2
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................34.2 33.1 32.3 31.7 31.3
16 years or more.................... 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.3
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................61.5 62.2 61.8 61.6 61.1
3d trimester or no prenatal care.... 9.7 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.1
Race of child and
characteristic 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982
Asian and Pacific Islander2/ Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams............... 8.43 7.04 6.55 6.61 6.63
Less than 1,500 grams............... 1.12 0.80 0.91 0.91 0.87
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years.................. 3.3 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.8
18-19 years......................... 7.1 5.8 4.3 4.4 4.4
Unmarried mothers..................... 7.8 8.5 7.8 7.5 8.4
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................21.7 18.5 20.0 21.9 22.2
16 years or more....................20.0 27.5 30.2 29.0 28.9
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................67.8 73.9 74.7 74.4 74.4
3d trimester or no prenatal care.... 6.8 4.5 6.1 6.2 6.2
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams............... 6.51 6.53 6.11 6.38 6.37
Less than 1,500 grams............... 0.87 0.91 0.84 0.87 0.85
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years.................. 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
18-19 years......................... 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6
Unmarried mothers..................... 9.0 9.6 10.1 10.6 11.5
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................20.7 19.3 18.5 17.3 17.3
16 years or more....................29.7 30.2 30.1 31.1 31.6
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................74.9 75.6 75.0 75.6 75.7
3d trimester or no prenatal care.... 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.9 6.0
Race of child and
characteristic 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982
American Indian3/ Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams............... 7.99 6.61 6.47 6.27 6.17
Less than 1,500 grams............... 0.98 1.04 0.96 0.90 1.04
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years.................. 7.5 11.0 8.8 8.5 8.0
18-19 years.........................13.3 15.8 14.3 14.0 13.5
Unmarried mothers.....................19.8 27.9 33.5 35.2 36.3
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................57.6 50.6 41.8 40.7 39.5
16 years or more.................... 3.0 2.8 4.2 4.4 4.5
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................41.7 49.3 58.7 59.3 60.5
3d trimester or no prenatal care....25.6 19.5 13.3 12.9 12.4
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Percent of live births
Birth weight:1/
Less than 2,500 grams............... 6.43 6.16 5.88 6.16 6.24
Less than 1,500 grams............... 1.06 1.03 0.98 1.01 1.08
Age of mother:
Less than 18 years.................. 7.9 7.4 7.1 7.4 7.4
18-19 years.........................12.9 12.6 12.0 11.8 11.5
Unmarried mothers.....................38.7 39.8 40.7 42.3 44.9
Education of mother:
Less than 12 years..................38.8 38.0 36.9 36.8 36.6
16 years or more.................... 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5
Prenatal care began:
1st trimester.......................59.7 60.0 60.3 60.7 60.2
3d trimester or no prenatal care....12.7 12.4 11.5 11.6 11.7
1/Before 1979, data are for infants weighing 2,500 grams or less at birth.
2/Includes Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian (includes part Hawaiian),
Guamian (1970 and 1975), and other Asian or Pacific Islander
(starting in 1980).
3/Includes Aleut and Eskimo.
NOTE: Data on education of mother are not available from California, Texas,
and Washington. Other States do not have data on marital status,
education, and/or month prenatal care began for certain years before
1980.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. I, Natality, for data years 1970-87.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office.
Data computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics.
3Infants weight <2500 grams at birth by race,geo div,state '75-87
Table 8. Infants weighing less than 2,500 grams at birth, according to race of
child, geographic division, and State: United States, average
annual 1975-77, 1980-82, and 1985-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
All races White
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Infants weighing less than 2,500 grams at birth
per 100 total live births
United States..................7.2 6.8 6.8 6.1 5.7 5.7
New England....................6.6 6.1 5.9 6.2 5.6 5.4
Maine.......................5.7 5.6 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.2
New Hampshire...............6.2 5.2 5.0 6.2 5.2 5.0
Vermont.....................6.5 6.0 5.5 6.5 6.0 5.4
Massachusetts...............6.5 6.0 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.3
Rhode Island................6.8 6.1 6.3 6.4 5.6 5.8
Connecticut.................7.0 6.8 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.7
Middle Atlantic................7.6 7.0 7.1 6.4 5.8 5.7
New York....................7.9 7.3 7.3 6.6 6.0 5.8
New Jersey..................7.6 7.1 6.9 6.2 5.6 5.4
Pennsylvania................7.2 6.5 6.8 6.2 5.5 5.6
East North Central.............7.0 6.7 6.7 5.9 5.5 5.5
Ohio........................7.0 6.7 6.6 6.1 5.7 5.7
Indiana.....................6.5 6.3 6.4 5.8 5.6 5.8
Illinois....................7.6 7.3 7.3 5.9 5.5 5.5
Michigan....................7.4 6.9 6.9 6.1 5.6 5.5
Wisconsin...................5.8 5.2 5.4 5.3 4.7 4.7
West North Central.............6.1 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.1 5.2
Minnesota...................5.4 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.7
Iowa........................5.6 4.9 5.2 5.5 4.8 5.0
Missouri....................7.1 6.7 6.8 5.9 5.6 5.7
North Dakota................5.2 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.8
South Dakota................5.5 5.2 5.3 5.3 4.8 5.0
Nebraska....................5.8 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.0
Kansas......................6.5 6.1 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.6
South Atlantic.................8.2 7.9 7.8 6.3 6.0 5.9
Delaware....................7.9 7.6 7.1 6.2 5.5 5.5
Maryland....................7.9 7.8 7.7 5.9 5.7 5.5
District of Columbia.......12.6 13.1 13.0 *6.6 *5.9 5.1
Virginia....................7.5 7.3 7.0 6.1 5.7 5.5
West Virginia...............7.1 6.8 7.0 7.0 6.6 6.8
North Carolina..............8.3 7.9 7.9 6.3 6.0 6.0
South Carolina..............9.0 8.8 8.6 6.3 6.1 6.0
Georgia.....................8.7 8.5 8.1 6.4 6.2 6.1
Florida.....................7.9 7.5 7.6 6.3 5.9 6.0
East South Central.............8.0 7.8 7.9 6.4 6.2 6.3
Kentucky....................7.1 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.5
Tennessee...................7.9 8.0 8.0 6.5 6.4 6.5
Alabama.....................8.2 7.9 8.0 6.2 5.7 6.0
Mississippi.................9.1 8.7 8.8 6.3 5.8 6.1
West South Central.............7.8 7.2 7.2 6.5 6.0 6.0
Arkansas....................8.0 7.5 7.8 6.4 5.9 6.4
Louisiana...................8.9 8.5 8.7 6.3 5.9 5.9
Oklahoma....................7.4 6.7 6.5 6.8 6.2 6.0
Texas.......................7.5 6.9 6.9 6.5 6.0 6.0
Mountain.......................7.1 6.5 6.6 6.9 6.3 6.4
Montana.....................6.7 5.6 5.7 6.5 5.5 5.7
Idaho.......................5.7 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.4
Wyoming.....................8.7 7.0 7.2 8.5 7.0 7.1
Colorado....................8.7 8.0 7.8 8.4 7.7 7.4
New Mexico..................8.4 7.6 7.1 8.5 7.6 7.2
Arizona.....................6.4 6.1 6.3 6.2 5.8 6.1
Utah........................5.4 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.5
Nevada......................7.5 6.7 7.1 6.7 6.1 6.2
Pacific........................6.0 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.1 5.2
Washington..................5.6 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.9
Oregon......................5.4 4.9 5.2 5.2 4.7 5.0
California..................6.1 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.2
Alaska......................5.4 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.6 4.3
Hawaii......................7.5 7.1 6.8 5.9 6.0 5.3
Black
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Infants weighing less than 2,500 grams at birth
per 100 total live births
United States.................. 12.9 12.5 12.6
New England.................... 12.3 11.8 11.8
Maine....................... * * *
New Hampshire............... * * *
Vermont..................... * * *
Massachusetts............... 11.1 10.9 10.9
Rhode Island................ *13.2 *11.7 *11.5
Connecticut................. 13.5 13.1 13.1
Middle Atlantic................ 13.3 12.6 12.8
New York.................... 13.1 12.3 12.5
New Jersey.................. 13.6 13.0 12.6
Pennsylvania................ 13.8 13.2 13.8
East North Central............. 13.4 13.2 13.2
Ohio........................ 13.2 12.8 12.0
Indiana..................... 11.9 12.0 11.8
Illinois.................... 13.8 13.8 13.9
Michigan.................... 13.7 13.3 13.9
Wisconsin................... 12.6 12.5 12.4
West North Central............. 13.2 12.3 12.4
Minnesota................... *12.0 *11.4 12.1
Iowa........................ *10.8 *11.1 *11.0
Missouri.................... 13.6 12.7 12.8
North Dakota................ * * *
South Dakota................ * * *
Nebraska.................... *11.9 *12.7 *11.9
Kansas...................... 13.4 12.0 12.2
South Atlantic................. 12.9 12.5 12.5
Delaware.................... 13.8 14.4 12.4
Maryland.................... 13.1 12.4 12.7
District of Columbia........ 13.8 14.7 15.2
Virginia.................... 12.4 12.2 11.4
West Virginia............... *10.8 *11.4 *11.5
North Carolina.............. 12.9 12.3 12.4
South Carolina.............. 13.0 12.8 12.6
Georgia..................... 12.8 12.7 12.0
Florida..................... 12.7 12.0 12.7
East South Central............. 12.3 12.2 12.3
Kentucky.................... 12.6 11.6 12.0
Tennessee................... 12.9 13.5 13.0
Alabama..................... 11.9 11.9 12.0
Mississippi................. 12.3 11.9 12.0
West South Central............. 13.2 12.6 12.4
Arkansas.................... 12.7 12.4 12.2
Louisiana................... 12.8 12.8 12.9
Oklahoma.................... 13.3 12.1 11.5
Texas....................... 13.5 12.5 12.3
Mountain....................... 13.3 11.6 12.5
Montana..................... * * *
Idaho....................... * * *
Wyoming..................... * * *
Colorado.................... 14.6 13.0 13.9
New Mexico.................. *12.5 *10.5 *10.6
Arizona..................... *11.7 10.5 11.8
Utah........................ * * *
Nevada...................... *13.8 *11.9 *13.0
Pacific........................ 11.4 11.1 11.9
Washington.................. 9.8 10.2 10.5
Oregon...................... *11.5 *10.4 *11.4
California.................. 11.6 11.2 12.1
Alaska...................... * *7.5 *9.3
Hawaii...................... *8.9 *9.5 *8.6
*Data for States with fewer than 5,000 live births for the 3-year period are
considered unreliable. Data for States with fewer than 1,000 live births are
considered highly unreliable and are not shown.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics: Data computed by the Division
of Analysis from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics.
3Legal abortion ratios by select patient characteristic:U.S'73-87
Table 9. Legal abortion ratios, according to selected patient
characteristics: United States, selected years 1973-87
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments and by
facilities)
Characteristic 1973 1975 1980 1981 1982
Abortions per 100 live births
Total........................ 19.6 27.2 35.9 35.8 35.4
Age
Under 15 years............... 74.3 101.5 122.7 126.4 120.0
15-19 years.................. 31.7 46.4 66.4 66.8 66.5
20-24 years.................. 17.9 25.0 37.5 37.9 38.0
25-29 years.................. 12.3 16.6 23.0 23.2 23.5
30-34 years.................. 16.5 22.1 23.3 23.7 23.0
35-39 years.................. 26.7 37.5 40.3 40.3 37.1
40 years and over............ 40.2 59.9 78.3 77.6 75.0
Race
White........................ 17.5 22.7 31.3 31.2 30.4
All other.................... 28.9 46.5 54.7 54.4 55.6
Marital status
Married...................... 6.2 8.3 10.2 9.8 9.7
Unmarried.................... 109.8 141.1 149.9 147.5 142.2
Number of previous
live births2/
0............................ 23.0 30.2 48.6 48.6 48.2
1............................ 12.1 17.3 21.9 21.9 22.0
2............................ 19.6 29.7 32.8 32.6 32.4
3............................ 25.8 39.8 33.5 33.5 32.2
4 or more.................... 26.4 40.8 27.3 26.6 25.4
Characteristic 1983 1984 1985 19861/ 19871/
Abortions per 100 live births
Total........................ 34.9 36.4 35.4 35.4 35.6
Age
Under 15 years............... 133.6 145.8 141.2 130.5 131.3
15-19 years.................. 67.3 71.4 71.7 70.2 72.6
20-24 years.................. 38.1 41.2 40.4 41.0 42.0
25-29 years.................. 23.0 23.9 23.2 24.0 23.9
30-34 years.................. 22.0 22.3 21.4 21.5 21.4
35-39 years.................. 35.4 35.2 33.4 33.4 31.7
40 years and over............ 69.1 66.7 63.8 59.8 56.2
Race
White........................ 29.5 30.8 29.6 30.0 30.0
All other.................... 56.0 58.2 57.6 55.8 55.7
Marital status
Married...................... 9.3 9.6 8.7 10.8 12.8
Unmarried.................... 135.2 137.1 129.5 115.7 105.6
Number of previous
live births2/
0............................ 46.9 49.3 47.7 47.1 46.3
1............................ 22.1 23.0 22.8 23.8 24.7
2............................ 32.5 34.0 33.0 33.5 34.5
3............................ 31.9 32.8 32.1 32.4 33.2
4 or more.................... 24.8 24.9 23.7 24.2 24.2
1/Preliminary data.
2/For 1973-75, data indicate number of living children.
SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control: Abortion Surveillance, 1973-75.
Public Health Service, DHHS, Atlanta, Ga., May 1977-Nov. 1980;
Abortion Surveillance, 1980. Public Health Service, DHHS,
Atlanta, Ga., May 1983; CDC Surveillance Summaries.
Abortion Surveillance, United States, 1984-85. Vol. 38,
No. SS-2. Public Health Service, DHHS, Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 1989;
and Abortion Surveillance: Preliminary Analysis, United States,
1986 and 1987. Vol. 38, No. 38. Public Health Service, DHHS,
Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 1989.
3Legal abortions by select characteristics: U.S. select yrs'73-87
Table 10. Legal abortions, according to selected characteristics: United
States, selected years 1973-87
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments and by facilities)
Characteristic 1973 1975 1980 1981 1982
Number of legal abortions reported in thousands
Centers for Disease Control...616 855 1,298 1,301 1,304
Alan Guttmacher Institute.....745 1,034 1,554 1,577 1,574
Percent distribution
Total.........................100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Period of gestation
Under 9 weeks................. 36.1 44.6 51.7 51.2 50.6
9-10 weeks.................... 29.4 28.4 26.2 26.8 26.7
11-12 weeks................... 17.9 14.9 12.2 12.1 12.4
13-15 weeks................... 6.9 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3
16-20 weeks................... 8.0 6.1 3.9 3.7 3.9
21 weeks and over............. 1.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1
Type of procedure
Curettage..................... 88.4 90.9 95.5 96.1 96.4
Intrauterine instillation..... 10.4 6.2 3.1 2.8 2.5
Hysterotomy or hysterectomy... 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0
Other......................... 0.6 2.4 1.3 1.0 1.0
Location of facility
In State of residence......... 74.8 89.2 92.6 92.5 92.9
Out of State of residence..... 25.2 10.8 7.4 7.5 7.1
Previous induced abortions
0............................. --- 81.9 67.6 65.3 63.7
1............................. --- 14.9 23.5 24.3 24.9
2............................. --- 2.5 6.6 7.5 8.2
3 or more..................... --- 0.7 2.3 2.9 3.2
Characteristic 1983 1984 1985 19861/ 19871/
Number of legal abortions reported in thousands
Centers for Disease Control...1,269 1,334 1,329 1,328 1,354
Alan Guttmacher Institute.....1,575 1,577 1,589 --- ---
Percent distribution
Total......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Period of gestation
Under 9 weeks................. 49.7 50.5 50.3 51.0 50.4
9-10 weeks.................... 26.8 26.4 26.6 25.8 26.0
11-12 weeks................... 12.8 12.6 12.5 12.2 12.4
13-15 weeks................... 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2
16-20 weeks................... 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.2
21 weeks and over............. 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Type of procedure
Curettage..................... 96.8 96.8 97.5 97.0 97.2
Intrauterine instillation..... 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.3
Hysterotomy or hysterectomy... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other......................... 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.5
Location of facility
In State of residence......... 93.3 92.0 92.4 92.3 91.5
Out of State of residence..... 6.7 8.0 7.6 7.7 8.5
Previous induced abortions
0............................. 62.4 60.5 60.1 59.3 58.5
1............................. 25.0 25.7 25.7 26.3 26.5
2............................. 9.0 9.4 9.8 9.6 10.3
3 or more..................... 3.7 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.7
1/Preliminary data.
NOTE: For a discussion of the differences in reported legal abortions between
the Centers for Disease Control and the Alan Guttmacher Institute,
see Appendix I. Percent distributions exclude cases for which selected
characteristic was unknown and are based on abortions reported to the
Centers for Disease Control.
SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control: Abortion Surveillance, 1980. Public
Health Service, DHHS, Atlanta, Ga., May 1983; CDC Surveillance
Summaries. Abortion Surveillance, United States, 1984-1985. Vol. 38,
No. SS-2. Public Health Service, DHHS, Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 1989;
and Abortion Surveillance: Preliminary Analysis, United States, 1986
and 1987; Vol. 38, No. 38. Public Health Service, DHHS, Atlanta, Ga.,
Sept. 1989; Sullivan, E., Tietze, C., and Dryfoos,
J.: Legal abortions in the United States, 1975-1976. Fam. Plann.
Perspect. 9(3):116-129, May-June 1977; Henshaw,
and Blaine, E.: Abortion services in the United States, 1981 and
1982. Fam. Plann. Perspect. 16(3), May-June 1984; Henshaw, S.,
Forrest, J. D., and Van Vost, J.: Abortion services in the United
States, 1984 and 1985. Fam. Plann. Perspect. 19(2), Mar.-Apr. 1987.
3Legal abortions/related deaths & rate:by gestation period '74-85
Table 11. Legal abortions, abortion-related deaths, and abortion-
related death rates, according to period of gestation
United States, 1974-76, 1977-79, 1980-82, and 1983-85
(Data are based primarily on reporting by State health departments and
by facilities)
Abortion-related
deaths1/
Number of
legal Rate per
Period of gestation abortions 100,000
and year reported Number abortions
Total
1974-76............................. 2,606,596 66 2.5
1977-79............................. 3,489,127 44 1.3
1980-82............................. 3,902,346 2/27 0.7
1983-85............................. 3,931,078 3/27 0.7
Under 9 weeks
1974-76............................. 1,171,478 8 *0.7
1977-79............................. 1,808,655 10 *0.6
1980-82............................. 1,996,573 6 *0.3
1983-85............................. 1,968,827 2 *
9-10 weeks
1974-76............................. 738,615 10 *1.4
1977-79............................. 942,467 9 *1.0
1980-82............................. 1,036,542 5 *0.5
1983-85............................. 1,046,140 5 *0.5
11-12 weeks
1974-76............................. 387,208 10 *2.6
1977-79............................. 439,754 7 *1.6
1980-82............................. 477,875 3 *
1983-85............................. 497,902 3 *
13 weeks and over
1974-76............................. 309,295 38 12.3
1977-79............................. 298,251 18 6.0
1980-82............................. 391,356 11 2.8
1983-85............................. 418,209 15 3.6
1/1983 data are provisional.
2/1982 data include 2 deaths with weeks of gestation unknown.
3/1984 data include 2 deaths with weeks of gestation unknown.
*Estimates with relative standard errors greater than 30 percent are
considered unreliable.
Estimates with relative standard errors greater than 50 percent are
considered highly unreliable and are not shown.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control: Abortion Surveillance, 1978.
Public Health Service, DHHS, Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 1980;
Unpublished data.
3Methods contraception ever-married women 15-44:race/age'73,82,88
Table 12. Methods of contraception for ever-married women 15-44 years of age,
according to race and age: United States, 1973, 1982, and 1988
(Data are based on household interviews of samples of women in the
childbearing ages)
All races White
Method of
contraception
and age 1973 19821/ 19882/ 1973 19821/ 19882/
Number of ever-married women in thousands
15-44 years.............. 30,247 34,935 36,842 26,795 30,419 31,465 "
15-24 years.............. 6,593 5,550 3,971 5,855 4,975 3,495
25-34 years.............. 12,731 15,996 16,889 11,356 31,819 14,371
35-44 years.............. 10,922 13,439 15,982 9,584 11,626 13,599
All methods Percent of ever-married women using contraception
15-44 years.............. 66.4 66.9 70.8 67.8 68.0 71.8
15-24 years.............. 66.9 65.4 69.6 67.1 66.8 68.8
25-34 years.............. 70.4 70.0 70.6 71.6 70.7 71.3
35-44 years.............. 61.5 63.9 71.4 63.6 65.3 73.1
Female sterilization Percent of ever-married contracepting women
15-44 years................ 13.6 28.9 34.7 12.5 27.2 32.9
15-24 years.............. 4.3 *6.1 8.4 4.1 *5.7 8.2
25-34 years.............. 12.1 24.5 27.6 11.4 22.7 26.2
35-44 years.............. 21.7 44.0 48.5 19.2 42.4 45.9
Male sterilization3/
15-44 years................ 10.4 13.6 15.0 11.2 14.7 16.8
15-24 years.............. 2.1 *4.1 *2.8 2.3 *4.4 *3.2
25-34 years.............. 10.3 11.5 11.8 11.0 12.6 13.1
35-44 years.............. 15.8 20.2 21.3 17.2 21.8 23.9
Birth control pill
15-44 years................ 36.6 20.7 21.2 36.1 20.6 21.1
15-24 years.............. 65.3 56.2 61.4 64.4 56.0 59.8
25-34 years.............. 36.2 22.8 28.6 35.8 22.1 28.7
35-44 years.............. 18.3 *3.2 3.8 18.2 *3.2 4.0
Intrauterine device
15-44 years................ 10.2 7.6 2.2 9.8 7.5 2.1
15-24 years.............. 10.8 *3.5 *0.4 10.7 *3.3 *0.5
25-34 years.............. 13.2 9.6 2.1 12.7 9.4 1.8
35-44 years.............. 5.6 6.8 2.8 5.4 7.0 2.7
Diaphragm
15-44 years................ 3.4 6.5 6.0 3.6 6.8 6.2
15-24 years.............. *1.5 *7.0 3.1 *1.6 *7.2 *3.5
25-34 years.............. 3.1 8.5 6.7 3.2 9.1 7.1
35-44 years.............. 5.0 *3.8 5.9 5.3 *3.7 6.0
Condom
15-44 years................ 12.6 12.1 12.9 13.4 12.6 13.1
15-24 years.............. 7.7 12.7 16.3 8.3 12.9 17.7
25-34 years.............. 12.4 12.4 13.9 13.1 13.0 14.0
35-44 years.............. 16.1 11.4 11.0 17.2 12.0 11.0
Black
Method of
contraception
and age 1973 19821/ 19882/
Number of ever-married women in thousands
15-44 years.............. 3,109 3,440 3,614
15-24 years.............. 692 427 343
25-34 years.............. 1,226 1,628 1,666
35-44 years.............. 1,191 1,358 1,606
All methods Percent of ever-married women using contraception
15-44 years.............. 55.8 60.4 63.9
15-24 years.............. 65.2 53.3 69.0
25-34 years.............. 59.2 67.7 66.1
35-44 years.............. 46.8 54.0 60.5
Female sterilization Percent of ever-married contracepting women
15-44 years................ 25.4 42.8 54.5
15-24 years.............. 6.8 *13.0 *11.0
25-34 years.............. 20.3 37.7 46.9
35-44 years.............. 47.2 59.5 73.6
Male sterilization3/
15-44 years................ *1.2 *2.2 1.3
15-24 years.............. *0.1 *0.5 *-
25-34 years.............. *2.0 *1.7 *1.6
35-44 years.............. *1.1 *3.6 *1.4
Birth control pill
15-44 years................ 41.8 23.1 22.7
15-24 years.............. 72.4 56.8 74.9
25-34 years.............. 41.6 28.8 29.3
35-44 years.............. 17.2 *4.3 *2.4
Intrauterine device
15-44 years................ 13.8 10.0 3.4
15-24 years.............. 12.6 *8.2 *-
25-34 years.............. 18.8 14.1 3.8
35-44 years.............. 8.4 *4.5 3.9
Diaphragm
15-44 years................ 1.8 4.2 2.3
15-24 years.............. *0.3 *4.5 *1.3
25-34 years.............. *2.2 3.1 *1.6
35-44 years.............. *2.5 *5.7 3.4
Condom
15-44 years................ 4.1 5.0 7.7
15-24 years.............. *1.8 *6.3 *7.6
25-34 years.............. 3.8 5.0 9.6
35-44 years.............. 6.4 *4.5 5.7
1/Estimates have been revised and differ from those previously published.
2/Preliminary estimates.
3/Refers only to currently married couples in 1973.
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
SOURCE: Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics:
Data from the National Survey of Family Growth.
3Methods contraception women 15-44 by race/marital status '82,'88
Table 13. Methods of contraception for women 15-44 years of age, according to
race and marital status: United States, 1982 and 1988
(Data are based on household interviews of samples of women in the child-
bearing ages)
All races White Black
Marital status and
method of contraception 19821/ 19882/ 19821/ 19882/ 19821/ 19882/
Marital status Number of women in thousands
All marital statuses...........54,099 57,900 45,367 47,077 6,985 7,679
Currently married..............28,231 29,147 25,195 25,426 2,130 2,197
Widowed, separated, or divorced 6,704 7,695 5,224 6,038 1,310 1,417
Never married..................19,164 21,058 14,948 15,612 3,545 4,065
All methods Percent of women using contraception
All marital statuses..............55.7 60.3 56.7 61.8 52.0 56.7
Currently married.................69.7 74.3 70.4 75.3 63.3 67.0
Widowed, separated, or divorced...55.5 57.6 56.3 57.4 55.7 59.0
Never married.....................35.3 41.9 33.6 41.5 43.8 50.4
Female sterilization Percent of contracepting women
All marital statuses..............23.2 27.5 22.1 26.1 30.0 38.1
Currently married.................26.9 31.4 25.8 30.2 37.0 48.3
Widowed, separated, or divorced...39.2 50.7 35.2 47.9 53.5 65.4
Never married..................... 3.7 6.4 *1.0 2.4 12.8 19.6
Male sterilization
All marital statuses..............10.9 11.7 12.2 13.6 1.4 0.9
Currently married.................15.5 17.3 16.4 19.1 3.4 2.0
"Widowed, separated, or divorced...3.4 3.6 4.3 4.3 *- *0.1
Never married......................1.8 1.8 2.3 2.3 *0.4 *0.3
Birth control pill
All marital statuses..............28.0 30.7 26.7 29.8 38.0 38.0
Currently married.................19.3 20.4 19.0 20.0 24.5 26.0
Widowed, separated, or divorced...28.4 25.3 30.4 27.4 20.4 16.8
Never married.....................53.0 59.0 51.6 60.2 58.1 55.3
Intrauterine device
All marital statuses...............7.1 2.0 6.9 1.8 9.1 3.1
Currently married..................6.9 2.0 6.8 1.8 9.3 2.3
Widowed, separated, or divorced...11.5 3.6 11.8 3.3 11.4 5.4
Never married..................... 5.4 1.3 4.3 *0.9 7.9 2.7
Diaphragm
All marital statuses.............. 8.1 5.7 8.8 6.2 3.5 1.9
Currently married..................6.5 6.2 6.7 6.4 5.1 2.4
Widowed, separated, or divorced....6.7 5.3 7.8 5.6 *2.5 *2.1
Never married.....................13.4 4.9 16.8 6.1 2.6 1.5
Condom
All marital statuses..............12.0 14.6 12.7 14.9 6.2 10.3
Currently married.................14.1 14.3 14.5 14.3 6.8 9.8
Widowed, separated, or divorced...*1.5 5.9 *1.5 6.3 *1.6 4.1
Never married.....................11.6 19.6 12.8 21.4 7.9 13.2
1/Estimates have been revised and differ from those previously published.
2/Preliminary estimates.
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
SOURCE: Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics:
Data from the National Survey of Family Growth.
2Mortality
3Life expectancy birth/age 65 according to race/sex:U.S. 1900-88
Table 14. Life expectancy at birth and at 65 years of age, according to race
and sex: United States, selected years 1900-1988
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
All races White
Specified age Both Both
and year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female
At birth Remaining life expectancy in years
19001,2/......... 47.3 46.3 48.3 47.6 46.6 48.7
19502/........... 68.2 65.6 71.1 69.1 66.5 72.2
19602/........... 69.7 66.6 73.1 70.6 67.4 74.1
1970............. 70.9 67.1 74.8 71.7 68.0 75.6
1975............. 72.6 68.8 76.6 73.4 69.5 77.3
1980............. 73.7 70.0 77.4 74.4 70.7 78.1
1981............. 74.2 70.4 77.8 74.8 71.1 78.4
1982............. 74.5 70.9 78.1 75.1 71.5 78.7
1983............. 74.6 71.0 78.1 75.2 71.7 78.7
1984............. 74.7 71.2 78.2 75.3 71.8 78.7
1985............. 74.7 71.2 78.2 75.3 71.9 78.7
1986............. 74.8 71.3 78.3 75.4 72.0 78.8
1987............. 75.0 71.5 78.4 75.6 72.2 78.9
Provisional data:
19852/......... 74.7 71.2 78.2 75.3 71.8 78.7
19862/......... 74.9 71.3 78.3 75.4 72.0 78.9
19872/......... 74.9 71.5 78.3 75.5 72.1 78.8
19882/......... 74.9 71.4 78.3 75.5 72.1 78.9
At 65 years
1900-19021,2/.... 11.9 11.5 12.2 --- 11.5 12.2
19502/........... 13.9 12.8 15.0 --- 12.8 15.1
19602/........... 14.3 12.8 15.8 14.4 12.9 15.9
1970............. 15.2 13.1 17.0 15.2 13.1 17.1
1975............. 16.1 13.8 18.1 16.1 13.8 18.2
1980............. 16.4 14.1 18.3 16.5 14.2 18.4
1981............. 16.7 14.3 18.6 16.7 14.4 18.7
1982............. 16.8 14.5 18.7 16.9 14.5 18.8
1983............. 16.7 14.5 18.6 16.8 14.5 18.7
1984............. 16.8 14.6 18.6 16.9 14.6 18.7
1985............. 16.7 14.6 18.6 16.8 14.6 18.7
1986............. 16.8 14.7 18.6 16.9 14.8 18.7
1987............. 16.9 14.8 18.7 17.0 14.9 18.8
Provisional data:
19852/......... 16.8 14.6 18.6 16.8 14.6 18.7
19862/......... 16.9 14.8 18.6 17.0 14.8 18.8
19872/......... 16.9 14.8 18.6 17.0 14.9 18.7
19882/......... 16.9 14.8 18.6 17.0 14.9 18.7
Black
Specified age Both
and year sexes Male Female
At birth Remaining life expectancy in years
19001,2/......... 3/33.0 3/32.5 3/33.5
19502/........... 60.7 58.9 62.7
19602/........... 63.2 60.7 65.9
1970............. 64.1 60.0 68.3
1975............. 66.8 62.4 71.3
1980............. 68.1 63.8 72.5
1981............. 68.9 64.5 73.2
1982............. 69.4 65.1 73.7
1983............. 69.6 65.4 73.6
1984............. 69.7 65.6 73.7
1985............. 69.5 65.3 73.5
1986............. 69.4 65.2 73.5
1987............. 69.4 65.2 73.6
Provisional data:
19852/......... 69.5 65.3 73.7
19862/......... 69.6 65.5 73.6
19872/......... 69.7 65.4 73.8
19882/......... 69.5 65.1 73.8
At 65 years
1900-19021,2/.... --- 10.4 11.4
19502/........... 13.9 12.9 14.9
19602/........... 13.9 12.7 15.1
1970............. 14.2 12.5 15.7
1975............. 15.0 13.1 16.7
1980............. 15.1 13.0 16.8
1981............. 15.5 13.4 17.3
1982............. 15.7 13.5 17.5
1983............. 15.5 13.4 17.3
1984............. 15.5 13.5 17.2
1985............. 15.3 13.3 17.0
1986............. 15.4 13.4 17.0
1987............. 15.4 13.5 17.1
Provisional data:
19852/......... 15.5 13.3 17.2
19862/......... 15.5 13.6 16.9
19872/......... 15.6 13.6 17.2
19882/......... 15.5 13.6 17.1
1/Death registration area only. The death registration area increased from
10 States and the District of Columbia in 1900 to the coterminous United
States in 1933.
2/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
3/Figure is for the all other population.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics Rates in the
United States, 1940-1960, by R. D. Grove and A. M. Hetzel. DHEW
Pub. No. (PHS) 1677. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1968; Vital Statistics of the United
States, 1970, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA)
75-1101. Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1974; Annual summary of births,
marriages, divorces, and deaths, United States, 1985. Monthly Vital
Statistics Report. Vol. 34, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1120.
Sept. 19, 1986; Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces,
and deaths, United States, 1986. Monthly Vital Statistics Report.
Vol. 35, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1120. Aug. 24, 1987; Annual
summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths, United States,
1987. Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 36, No. 13. DHHS
Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1120. July 29, 1988; Annual summary of births,
marriages, divorces, and deaths, United States, 1988. Monthly Vital
Statistics Report. Vol. 37, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1120.
July 26, 1989. Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.; Unpublished
data from the Division of Vital Statistics; Data computed by the
Office of Research and Methodology from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics.
3Infant/perinatal mortality rate/Fetal death rate:race:U.S.'50-88
Table 15. Infant mortality rates, fetal death rates, and perinatal
mortality rates, according to race: United States,
selected years 1950-88
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Infant mortality rate1/
Neonatal
Late
fetal Perinatal
Under Under Post- death death mortality
Race and year Total 28 days 7 days neonatal rate2/ rate3/ rate4/
All races Deaths per 1,000 live births
19505/.............29.2 20.5 17.8 8.7 18.4 14.9 32.5
19605/.............26.0 18.7 16.7 7.3 15.8 12.1 28.6
1970...............20.0 15.1 13.6 4.9 14.0 9.5 23.0
1975...............16.1 11.6 10.0 4.5 10.6 7.8 17.7
1980...............12.6 8.5 7.1 4.1 9.1 6.2 13.2
1981...............11.9 8.0 6.7 3.9 8.9 5.9 12.6
1982...............11.5 7.7 6.4 3.8 8.8 5.9 12.3
1983...............11.2 7.3 6.1 3.9 8.4 5.4 11.5
1984...............10.8 7.0 5.9 3.8 8.1 5.2 11.0
1985...............10.6 7.0 5.8 3.7 7.8 4.9 10.7
1986...............10.4 6.7 5.6 3.6 7.7 4.7 10.3
1987...............10.1 6.5 5.4 3.6 7.6 4.6 10.0
Provisional data:
19855/...........10.6 6.9 --- 3.6 --- --- ---
19865/...........10.4 6.7 --- 3.7 --- --- ---
19875/...........10.0 6.5 --- 3.4 --- --- ---
19885/........... 9.9 6.4 --- 3.5 --- --- ---
White
19505/.............26.8 19.4 17.1 7.4 16.6 13.3 30.1
19605/.............22.9 17.2 15.6 5.7 13.9 10.8 26.2
1970...............17.8 13.8 12.5 4.0 12.3 8.6 21.1
1975...............14.2 10.4 9.0 3.8 9.4 7.1 16.0
1980...............11.0 7.5 6.2 3.5 8.1 5.7 11.9
1981...............10.5 7.1 5.9 3.4 8.0 5.5 11.3
1982...............10.1 6.8 5.6 3.3 7.9 5.4 11.0
1983................9.7 6.4 5.4 3.3 7.4 5.0 10.3
1984................9.4 6.2 5.1 3.3 7.3 4.8 9.9
1985................9.3 6.1 5.0 3.2 7.0 4.5 9.6
1986................8.9 5.8 4.8 3.1 6.7 4.3 9.1
1987................8.6 5.5 4.5 3.1 6.6 4.2 8.7
Black
19505/.............43.9 27.8 23.0 16.1 32.1 --- ---
19605/.............44.3 27.8 23.7 16.5 --- --- ---
1970...............32.6 22.8 20.3 9.9 23.2 --- ---
1975...............26.2 18.3 15.7 7.9 16.8 11.4 26.9
1980...............21.4 14.1 11.9 7.3 14.4 8.9 20.7
1981...............20.0 13.4 11.4 6.6 13.8 8.2 19.4
1982...............19.6 13.1 11.1 6.6 13.8 8.1 19.1
1983...............19.2 12.4 10.6 6.8 13.5 7.7 18.2
1984...............18.4 11.8 10.2 6.5 12.7 7.3 17.4
1985...............18.2 12.1 10.3 6.1 12.6 7.1 17.4
1986...............18.0 11.7 10.1 6.3 12.5 7.0 17.0
1987...............17.9 11.7 10.0 6.1 12.8 7.0 16.9
1/Infant mortality rate is number of deaths of infants under 1 year per
1,000 live births. Neonatal deaths occur within 28 days of birth;
postneonatal deaths occur 28-365 days after birth. Deaths within 7 days are
early neonatal deaths.
2/Number of deaths of fetuses of 20 weeks or more gestation per 1,000 live
births plus fetal deaths.
3/Number of fetal deaths of 28 weeks or more gestation per 1,000 live
births plus late fetal deaths.
4/Number of late fetal deaths plus infant deaths within 7 days of birth per
1,000 live births plus late fetal deaths.
5/Includes births and deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics
of the United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, for
1950-87. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government
Printing Office. Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces,
and deaths, United States, 1985. Monthly Vital Statistics Report.
Vol. 34, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1120. Sept. 19, 1986;
Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths, United
States, 1988. Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 37, No. 13.
DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1120. July 26, 1989. Public Health Service.
Hyattsville, Md.; Data computed by the Division of Analysis
from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics.
3Infant mortality rates:race,geographic division,state:U.S.'75-87
Table 16. Infant mortality rates, according to race, geographic division, and
State: United States, average annual 1975-77, 1980-82, and 1985-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
All races White
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Infant deaths per 1,000 live births
United States............... 15.1 12.0 10.4 13.3 10.5 9.0
New England................. 12.8 10.4 8.6 12.2 9.9 8.0
Maine.................... 11.2 9.7 8.7 11.3 9.8 8.8
New Hampshire............ 11.6 10.2 8.7 11.7 10.2 8.7
Vermont.................. 11.9 9.2 9.0 12.0 9.3 8.9
Massachusetts............ 12.5 10.1 8.3 12.1 9.7 7.5
Rhode Island............. 13.7 10.9 8.7 13.0 10.6 8.4
Connecticut.............. 14.4 11.5 9.2 12.7 10.2 7.9
Middle Atlantic............. 15.3 12.2 10.5 13.2 10.6 8.8
New York................. 15.5 12.4 10.7 13.2 10.7 9.2
New Jersey............... 14.7 11.7 9.9 12.4 9.7 8.0
Pennsylvania............. 15.3 12.2 10.5 13.7 10.9 8.8
East North Central.......... 15.2 12.5 10.8 13.3 10.6 9.0
Ohio..................... 14.9 12.2 10.1 13.6 10.8 9.0
Indiana.................. 14.5 11.7 10.8 13.5 10.6 9.7
Illinois................. 17.0 14.1 11.8 13.7 11.2 9.3
Michigan................. 15.2 12.7 11.2 13.2 10.4 8.9
Wisconsin................ 12.5 10.0 9.0 12.0 9.4 8.3
West North Central.......... 14.0 11.0 9.5 13.1 10.2 8.8
Minnesota................ 12.8 9.9 8.9 12.5 9.6 8.6
Iowa..................... 13.4 10.7 9.0 13.1 10.4 8.9
Missouri................. 15.3 12.3 10.4 13.4 11.0 9.1
North Dakota............. 14.1 11.3 8.6 13.4 10.8 8.3
South Dakota............. 16.5 10.9 11.0 14.5 9.2 9.1
Nebraska................. 13.6 10.5 9.4 13.2 9.9 8.8
Kansas................... 13.8 10.7 9.2 13.1 10.0 8.7
South Atlantic.............. 16.9 13.8 11.8 13.6 10.9 9.2
Delaware................. 13.6 13.8 12.7 11.7 10.4 10.2
Maryland................. 16.2 12.8 11.7 13.5 10.3 9.1
District of Columbia..... 27.2 23.8 20.4 *15.4 *13.9 11.6
Virginia................. 16.5 13.0 10.9 13.8 11.1 8.8
West Virginia............ 16.6 12.1 10.3 16.2 11.8 9.8
North Carolina........... 17.3 13.8 11.7 13.9 11.2 9.4
South Carolina........... 18.8 16.0 13.4 14.2 11.7 9.8
Georgia.................. 16.5 13.6 12.6 13.1 10.2 9.7
Florida.................. 16.1 13.6 10.9 12.8 10.8 8.7
East South Central.......... 17.3 13.6 11.8 14.1 11.0 9.4
Kentucky................. 14.9 12.3 10.3 14.3 11.7 9.8
Tennessee................ 15.9 12.7 11.4 13.7 10.7 8.9
Alabama.................. 18.7 14.0 12.7 14.3 10.7 9.6
Mississippi.............. 20.6 16.0 13.3 14.1 10.7 9.4
West South Central.......... 16.2 12.0 10.1 14.1 10.6 8.8
Arkansas................. 16.3 11.6 10.8 13.8 9.4 9.5
Louisiana................ 18.0 13.7 11.9 13.2 10.0 8.4
Oklahoma................. 15.5 12.3 10.3 14.7 12.0 10.2
Texas.................... 15.7 11.5 9.5 14.2 10.6 8.6
Mountain.................... 13.7 10.5 9.5 13.2 10.2 9.3
Montana.................. 15.2 11.1 10.0 15.2 10.7 9.3
Idaho.................... 12.5 10.0 10.7 12.5 10.1 10.7
Wyoming.................. 15.8 10.1 10.8 15.8 10.0 10.8
Colorado................. 13.1 9.7 9.3 12.8 9.6 9.0
New Mexico............... 15.4 10.9 9.4 14.7 10.7 9.2
Arizona.................. 14.5 11.1 9.5 13.4 10.6 9.1
Utah..................... 11.6 10.4 9.0 11.3 10.4 9.1
Nevada................... 15.1 10.7 9.1 14.6 10.0 8.8
Pacific..................... 12.8 10.5 9.3 12.4 10.2 9.0
Washington............... 14.1 11.0 10.1 13.9 10.7 10.0
Oregon................... 13.2 11.2 9.9 13.1 11.1 9.9
California............... 12.6 10.4 9.2 12.0 10.1 8.8
Alaska................... 15.3 12.0 10.7 13.1 10.0 9.4
Hawaii................... 11.7 9.6 9.0 11.9 10.0 8.1
Black
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Infant deaths per 1,000 live births
United States.................. 25.1 20.3 18.0
New England.................... 23.6 18.7 18.1
Maine....................... * * *
New Hampshire............... * * *
Vermont..................... * * *
Massachusetts............... 19.9 17.1 17.6
Rhode Island................ *27.0 *17.7 *13.0
Connecticut................. 27.4 20.9 19.6
Middle Atlantic................ 25.1 20.0 18.0
New York.................... 24.8 19.3 16.7
New Jersey.................. 24.9 20.2 18.4
Pennsylvania................ 26.1 21.6 20.8
East North Central............. 26.5 23.5 20.1
Ohio........................ 24.0 21.5 16.5
Indiana..................... 23.7 21.1 20.1
Illinois.................... 29.8 25.1 21.4
Michigan.................... 25.3 24.5 22.2
Wisconsin................... 21.1 18.7 17.1
West North Central............. 25.5 20.2 17.0
Minnesota................... *23.9 *21.3 16.5
Iowa........................ *28.1 *22.5 *14.9
Missouri.................... 25.9 20.0 17.7
North Dakota................ * * *
South Dakota................ * * *
Nebraska.................... *25.2 *20.2 *18.0
Kansas...................... 24.1 19.7 16.3
South Atlantic................. 25.2 20.9 18.5
Delaware.................... 20.7 25.4 21.0
Maryland.................... 23.7 19.3 18.1
District of Columbia........ 29.6 25.8 23.5
Virginia.................... 25.9 19.6 18.0
West Virginia............... *25.9 *20.0 *21.3
North Carolina.............. 25.4 19.9 17.8
South Carolina.............. 26.2 22.4 19.2
Georgia..................... 23.0 19.7 18.3
Florida..................... 25.7 21.9 18.3
East South Central............. 26.1 20.5 18.3
Kentucky.................... 21.4 19.2 15.3
Tennessee................... 24.1 19.9 19.5
Alabama..................... 26.9 20.1 18.7
Mississippi................. 27.9 21.7 17.8
West South Central............. 25.1 18.7 16.2
Arkansas.................... 24.1 18.4 15.0
Louisiana................... 25.6 19.9 17.3
Oklahoma.................... 24.7 19.0 16.6
Texas....................... 25.1 17.7 15.5
Mountain....................... 21.1 16.7 15.1
Montana..................... * * *
Idaho....................... * * *
Wyoming..................... * * *
Colorado.................... 20.6 14.2 16.5
New Mexico.................. *27.9 *16.9 *17.3
Arizona..................... *19.7 16.2 14.3
Utah........................ * * *
Nevada...................... *21.3 *20.6 *15.3
Pacific........................ 20.6 16.4 16.0
Washington.................. 19.2 16.3 13.8
Oregon...................... *21.0 *16.2 *18.0
California.................. 20.7 16.4 16.2
Alaska...................... * *20.5 *13.3
Hawaii...................... *13.7 *12.4 *15.5
*Data for States with fewer than 5,000 live births for the 3-year period are
considered unreliable. Data for States with fewer than 1,000 live births
are considered highly unreliable and are not shown.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics: Data computed by the Division
of Analysis from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics.
3Neonatal mortality rate:race,geographic division,state:U.S'75-87
Table 17. Neonatal mortality rates, according to race, geographic division,
and State: United States, average annual 1975-77, 1980-82, and
1985-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
All races White
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births
United States..................10.8 8.1 6.7 9.6 7.1 5.8
New England.................... 9.6 7.6 6.1 9.2 7.2 5.6
Maine....................... 7.6 6.3 5.7 7.6 6.4 5.8
New Hampshire............... 9.0 7.5 5.9 9.0 7.5 5.9
Vermont..................... 8.7 5.4 6.0 8.7 5.5 6.0
Massachusetts............... 9.4 7.4 5.8 9.1 7.1 5.3
Rhode Island................ 9.8 8.6 6.2 9.3 8.5 5.9
Connecticut.................11.3 8.7 6.9 10.1 7.7 5.8
Middle Atlantic................11.4 8.6 7.2 10.0 7.6 6.2
New York....................11.4 8.6 7.3 9.8 7.6 6.5
New Jersey..................11.0 8.0 6.7 9.5 7.0 5.6
Pennsylvania................11.7 8.8 7.2 10.5 8.0 6.1
East North Central.............10.9 8.6 7.1 9.7 7.4 5.9
Ohio........................10.9 8.4 6.4 10.1 7.5 5.8
Indiana.....................10.2 7.9 7.1 9.5 7.2 6.3
Illinois....................12.2 9.7 8.0 10.1 8.0 6.4
Michigan....................10.8 8.9 7.6 9.5 7.2 5.9
Wisconsin................... 8.7 6.6 5.5 8.5 6.3 5.0
West North Central.............10.3 7.1 5.8 9.8 6.7 5.5
Minnesota................... 9.3 6.2 5.4 9.2 6.1 5.3
Iowa........................10.3 6.9 5.7 10.2 6.8 5.6
Missouri....................11.0 8.1 6.5 9.8 7.4 5.8
North Dakota................10.5 7.2 4.8 10.2 7.1 4.7
South Dakota................11.6 6.8 5.8 11.0 6.2 5.4
Nebraska.................... 9.8 6.8 5.9 9.6 6.5 5.5
Kansas......................10.4 7.3 5.6 9.9 6.8 5.3
South Atlantic.................12.0 9.5 7.9 10.0 7.5 6.1
Delaware.................... 9.8 10.1 9.2 8.6 7.5 7.6
Maryland....................12.3 9.2 8.1 10.3 7.4 6.1
District of Columbia........21.4 17.8 15.5 *12.3 *10.7 8.4
Virginia....................12.1 9.4 7.4 10.1 7.9 5.9
West Virginia...............11.8 8.0 6.9 11.6 7.8 6.6
North Carolina..............12.4 9.4 7.8 10.5 7.6 6.2
South Carolina..............13.1 10.8 9.1 10.3 7.9 6.6
Georgia.....................11.0 8.9 8.5 9.2 6.8 6.7
Florida.....................11.3 9.2 7.1 9.3 7.5 5.7
East South Central.............12.2 9.0 7.7 10.2 7.4 6.1
Kentucky....................10.6 8.0 6.6 10.2 7.6 6.3
Tennessee...................11.4 8.7 7.4 9.8 7.2 5.7
Alabama.....................12.9 9.2 8.5 10.4 7.3 6.6
Mississippi.................14.3 10.6 8.3 10.5 7.2 5.9
West South Central.............11.5 7.8 6.3 10.1 6.9 5.6
Arkansas....................11.2 6.8 6.2 9.9 5.8 5.7
Louisiana...................13.3 9.2 7.7 9.9 6.9 5.7
Oklahoma....................10.5 7.6 6.2 10.0 7.4 6.1
Texas.......................11.2 7.6 6.0 10.1 7.0 5.4
Mountain....................... 9.1 6.6 5.5 9.0 6.6 5.4
Montana.....................10.4 6.8 5.1 10.7 6.9 4.8
Idaho....................... 8.1 5.9 6.4 8.1 6.0 6.4
Wyoming.....................10.5 6.7 6.1 10.6 6.8 6.3
Colorado.................... 8.5 6.3 5.6 8.3 6.2 5.4
New Mexico..................10.0 6.6 5.6 10.1 6.8 5.5
Arizona..................... 9.6 7.1 5.8 9.4 7.2 5.6
Utah........................ 7.9 6.4 4.9 7.9 6.4 5.0
Nevada......................10.3 6.5 4.9 10.0 6.1 4.7
Pacific........................ 8.6 6.6 5.7 8.3 6.5 5.5
Washington.................. 9.1 6.5 5.6 9.1 6.5 5.6
Oregon...................... 8.5 6.7 5.2 8.5 6.7 5.2
California.................. 8.5 6.6 5.7 8.1 6.4 5.5
Alaska...................... 8.9 7.0 5.6 7.8 6.2 5.2
Hawaii...................... 8.3 6.7 5.9 7.9 7.2 5.1
Black
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births
United States.................. 17.4 13.5 11.8
New England.................... 17.5 13.8 13.3
Maine....................... * * *
New Hampshire............... * * *
Vermont..................... * * *
Massachusetts............... 14.1 12.2 12.5
Rhode Island................ *19.5 *10.5 *10.3
Connecticut................. 21.3 16.3 15.1
Middle Atlantic................ 18.1 13.2 11.8
New York.................... 17.9 12.9 10.9
New Jersey.................. 17.1 12.5 11.8
Pennsylvania................ 19.3 14.8 14.0
East North Central............. 18.3 15.7 13.4
Ohio........................ 17.2 14.4 10.4
Indiana..................... 16.9 13.6 13.9
Illinois.................... 20.3 16.3 13.9
Michigan.................... 17.4 17.7 16.1
Wisconsin................... 13.1 11.2 11.1
West North Central............. 17.9 12.8 10.3
Minnesota................... *15.6 *13.9 9.8
Iowa........................ *21.4 *13.7 *8.5
Missouri.................... 17.9 12.5 10.7
North Dakota................ * * *
South Dakota................ * * *
Nebraska.................... *15.9 *12.9 *10.4
Kansas...................... 18.1 13.3 10.0
South Atlantic................. 17.3 14.3 12.6
Delaware.................... 14.2 18.9 14.7
Maryland.................... 17.7 13.9 13.0
District of Columbia........ 23.3 19.2 17.9
Virginia.................... 19.1 14.6 12.6
West Virginia............... *19.6 *13.7 *14.6
North Carolina.............. 17.2 14.0 12.2
South Carolina.............. 17.4 15.2 13.1
Georgia..................... 14.5 12.5 12.1
Florida..................... 17.1 14.4 11.7
East South Central............. 17.6 13.5 12.0
Kentucky.................... 14.7 12.8 10.3
Tennessee................... 17.2 13.8 13.1
Alabama..................... 17.7 12.7 12.2
Mississippi................. 18.5 14.2 11.3
West South Central............. 17.6 12.0 10.1
Arkansas.................... 15.0 10.0 8.2
Louisiana................... 18.7 13.2 11.1
Oklahoma.................... 17.2 11.8 10.5
Texas....................... 17.5 11.6 9.6
Mountain....................... 15.0 11.0 9.6
Montana..................... * * *
Idaho....................... * * *
Wyoming..................... * * *
Colorado.................... 14.7 9.7 10.1
New Mexico.................. *19.2 *10.1 *10.6
Arizona..................... *14.9 11.4 10.0
Utah........................ * * *
Nevada...................... *14.2 *12.6 *9.3
Pacific........................ 13.6 10.4 9.8
Washington.................. 11.8 8.8 8.5
Oregon...................... *13.0 *10.7 *9.1
California.................. 13.7 10.5 9.9
Alaska...................... * *13.4 *6.6
Hawaii...................... *9.1 *6.7 *9.8
*Data for States with fewer than 5,000 live births for the 3-year period
are considered unreliable. Data for States with fewer than 1,000 live births
are considered highly unreliable and are not shown.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics: Data computed by the Division
of Analysis from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics.
3Postneonatal mortality rate:race,geographic div,state:U.S.'75-87
Table 18. Postneonatal mortality rates, according to race, geographic
division, and State: United States, average annual 1975-77,
1980-82, and 1985-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
All races White
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Postneonatal deaths per 1,000 live births
United States..................4.3 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.2
New England....................3.2 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.3
Maine.......................3.6 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.4 3.0
New Hampshire...............2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8
Vermont.....................3.3 3.8 3.0 3.2 3.8 2.9
Massachusetts...............3.1 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.2
Rhode Island................3.9 2.3 2.5 3.7 2.1 2.5
Connecticut.................3.0 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.0
Middle Atlantic................3.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.6
New York....................4.1 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.7
New Jersey..................3.8 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.4
Pennsylvania................3.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.7
East North Central.............4.3 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.1
Ohio........................3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2
Indiana.....................4.3 3.8 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.3
Illinois....................4.8 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.2 2.9
Michigan....................4.4 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.0
Wisconsin...................3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.3
West North Central.............3.7 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.3
Minnesota...................3.5 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3
Iowa........................3.0 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.7 3.3
Missouri....................4.3 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.3
North Dakota................3.5 4.1 3.8 3.2 3.6 3.6
South Dakota................4.9 4.1 5.2 3.5 3.0 3.7
Nebraska....................3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2
Kansas......................3.4 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.4
South Atlantic.................4.9 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.0
Delaware....................3.8 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.6
Maryland....................4.0 3.6 3.6 3.2 2.9 3.0
District of Columbia........5.8 6.0 4.9 *3.2 *3.2 *3.1
Virginia....................4.4 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.2 2.9
West Virginia...............4.7 4.1 3.4 4.7 4.0 3.2
North Carolina..............4.9 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.2
South Carolina..............5.8 5.2 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.2
Georgia.....................5.5 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.4 3.0
Florida.....................4.8 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.0
East South Central.............5.2 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.3
Kentucky....................4.3 4.3 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.5
Tennessee...................4.5 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.3
Alabama.....................5.8 4.8 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.0
Mississippi.................6.3 5.4 4.9 3.6 3.4 3.5
West South Central.............4.7 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.3
Arkansas....................5.2 4.8 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.8
Louisiana...................4.7 4.5 4.1 3.3 3.2 2.8
Oklahoma....................5.0 4.7 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.0
Texas.......................4.6 3.9 3.5 4.1 3.6 3.2
::
Mountain.......................4.6 3.9 4.0 4.2 3.7 3.8
Montana.....................4.8 4.2 4.9 4.5 3.8 4.4
Idaho.......................4.4 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.3
Wyoming.....................5.3 3.3 4.7 5.2 3.2 4.5
Colorado....................4.5 3.4 3.7 4.5 3.5 3.6
New Mexico..................5.4 4.3 3.8 4.6 3.9 3.7
Arizona.....................5.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.4 3.5
Utah........................3.6 4.0 4.1 3.4 4.0 4.1
Nevada......................4.8 4.2 4.1 4.6 3.9 4.1
Pacific........................4.3 3.9 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.5
Washington..................4.9 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.5
Oregon......................4.7 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7
California..................4.1 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.3
Alaska......................6.4 5.0 5.1 5.3 3.8 4.2
Hawaii......................3.4 2.9 3.2 4.0 2.8 3.1
Black
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Postneonatal deaths per 1,000 live births
United States.................. 7.7 6.8 6.2
New England.................... 6.0 4.9 4.7
Maine....................... * * *
New Hampshire............... * * *
Vermont..................... * * *
Massachusetts............... 5.8 5.0 5.1
Rhode Island................ * *7.1 *2.7
Connecticut................. 6.1 4.6 4.5
Middle Atlantic................ 7.0 6.8 6.2
New York.................... 6.9 6.4 5.8
New Jersey.................. 7.8 7.7 6.6
Pennsylvania................ 6.8 6.9 6.9
East North Central............. 8.2 7.8 6.7
Ohio........................ 6.8 7.0 6.2
Indiana..................... 6.8 7.5 6.2
Illinois.................... 9.5 8.8 7.6
Michigan.................... 7.8 6.8 6.1
Wisconsin................... 8.0 7.5 5.9
West North Central............. 7.7 7.3 6.8
Minnesota................... *8.2 *7.5 *6.7
Iowa........................ *6.7 *8.8 *6.4
Missouri.................... 8.0 7.5 6.9
North Dakota................ * * *
South Dakota................ * * *
Nebraska.................... *9.2 *7.3 *7.7
Kansas...................... *6.0 6.4 6.3
South Atlantic................. 7.9 6.6 5.9
Delaware.................... *6.5 *6.5 *6.3
Maryland.................... 6.1 5.4 5.1
District of Columbia........ 6.3 6.6 5.6
Virginia.................... 6.8 5.0 5.4
West Virginia............... *6.3 *6.3 *6.7
North Carolina.............. 8.2 5.9 5.7
South Carolina.............. 8.8 7.2 6.1
Georgia..................... 8.5 7.2 6.2
Florida..................... 8.6 7.5 6.5
East South Central............. 8.5 7.1 6.4
Kentucky.................... 6.7 6.4 5.0
Tennessee................... 6.9 6.1 6.4
Alabama..................... 9.2 7.4 6.5
Mississippi................. 9.3 7.6 6.5
West South Central............. 7.5 6.6 6.1
Arkansas.................... 9.1 8.4 6.9
Louisiana................... 6.9 6.7 6.2
Oklahoma.................... 7.5 7.2 6.2
Texas....................... 7.5 6.2 5.8
Mountain....................... 6.1 5.7 5.5
Montana..................... * * *
Idaho....................... * * *
Wyoming..................... * * *
Colorado.................... *5.9 *4.4 *6.4
New Mexico.................. * *6.7 *6.7
Arizona..................... *4.8 *4.8 *4.3
Utah........................ * * *
Nevada...................... *7.1 *8.0 *6.0
Pacific........................ 6.9 6.0 6.3
Washington.................. *7.4 *7.4 5.4
Oregon...................... *8.0 *5.5 *8.8
California.................. 6.9 5.9 6.3
Alaska...................... * * *
Hawaii...................... * * *5.7
*Data for States with fewer than 10,000 live births for the 3-year period are
considered unreliable. Data for States with fewer than 2,000 live births are
considered highly unreliable and are not shown.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics: Data computed by the Division
of Analysis from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics.
3Fetal death rate by race,geographic division,state:U.S. 1975-87
Table 19. Fetal death rates, according to race, geographic division, and
State: United States, average annual 1975-77, 1980-82, and 1985-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
All races White
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Fetal deaths1/ per 1,000 live births plus fetal deaths
United States..................10.3 9.0 7.7 9.1 8.0 6.8
New England.................... 8.7 7.3 6.4 8.4 7.1 6.0
Maine....................... 6.1 7.0 5.9 6.2 7.0 5.9
New Hampshire............... 7.3 6.4 5.8 7.2 6.4 5.8
Vermont..................... 7.7 7.1 6.2 7.8 7.0 6.2
Massachusetts............... 9.0 7.0 6.3 8.7 6.7 5.9
Rhode Island................12.7 9.9 7.3 12.4 9.6 6.8
Connecticut................. 8.6 7.8 6.7 8.2 7.4 6.0
Middle Atlantic................11.0 10.3 9.0 10.0 9.4 8.0
New York....................11.0 11.3 9.6 10.2 10.3 8.5
New Jersey.................. 9.9 8.3 8.0 8.9 7.3 6.9
Pennsylvania................11.6 10.1 8.8 10.4 9.2 8.0
East North Central............. 9.7 8.2 7.0 8.7 7.4 6.2
Ohio........................ 9.4 8.3 7.4 8.7 7.7 6.7
Indiana..................... 9.8 8.3 7.6 9.2 7.8 6.8
Illinois....................10.7 9.1 7.7 9.3 7.7 6.4
Michigan.................... 9.4 7.2 5.7 8.5 6.7 5.2
Wisconsin................... 7.8 7.3 6.3 7.5 7.0 5.7
West North Central............. 9.0 7.7 6.4 8.5 7.3 6.1
Minnesota................... 8.3 6.6 6.2 8.2 6.5 6.1
Iowa........................ 8.2 7.2 6.1 8.0 7.1 6.0
Missouri.................... 9.6 8.8 6.6 8.7 7.8 5.9
North Dakota................ 9.3 7.7 6.1 9.2 7.4 5.9
South Dakota................ 9.8 7.7 6.3 9.2 6.8 6.0
Nebraska.................... 8.5 8.3 7.3 8.1 7.9 7.0
Kansas...................... 9.5 8.0 6.5 9.1 7.5 6.0
South Atlantic.................12.1 11.1 9.4 9.9 9.2 7.5
Delaware....................10.7 8.8 7.4 9.7 7.7 5.8
Maryland....................10.1 8.8 8.2 8.4 7.0 6.6
District of Columbia........15.7 13.2 12.2 *8.6 *9.7 6.8
Virginia....................13.5 12.5 10.1 11.1 10.8 8.6
West Virginia...............11.0 9.3 7.9 10.6 9.2 7.8
North Carolina..............12.1 10.1 8.5 9.9 8.3 7.2
South Carolina..............13.7 12.4 10.3 10.3 9.0 7.6
Georgia.....................13.6 14.2 11.7 11.1 11.6 9.3
Florida.....................10.6 9.9 8.4 8.8 8.5 6.7
East South Central.............12.5 10.5 9.1 10.1 8.6 7.3
Kentucky....................10.4 9.4 8.1 9.7 9.0 7.6
Tennessee...................11.5 8.8 7.0 10.2 7.7 6.1
Alabama.....................12.6 11.3 10.6 9.7 8.9 8.2
Mississippi.................16.7 13.5 11.3 11.4 9.4 7.5
West South Central.............10.2 8.4 7.4 9.1 7.6 6.6
Arkansas....................11.3 8.7 7.9 9.3 7.3 6.8
Louisiana...................11.1 9.8 8.4 8.3 7.7 6.4
Oklahoma.................... 9.5 8.6 7.7 8.7 8.0 7.3
Texas....................... 9.9 7.9 7.0 9.3 7.5 6.6
Mountain....................... 9.4 8.0 6.9 9.1 7.8 6.7
Montana..................... 9.0 6.5 7.3 8.7 6.3 7.0
Idaho....................... 8.1 7.4 6.7 7.9 7.5 6.6
Wyoming.....................10.0 8.3 6.9 10.0 8.5 6.8
Colorado....................12.2 9.8 8.3 12.1 9.6 8.1
New Mexico.................. 9.1 7.7 4.9 8.6 7.3 4.9
Arizona..................... 8.6 7.8 6.5 8.2 7.3 6.2
Utah........................ 8.0 7.1 6.7 8.0 7.0 6.7
Nevada...................... 8.1 8.0 7.2 7.5 7.6 6.8
Pacific........................ 8.8 7.7 6.7 8.3 7.3 6.3
Washington.................. 8.0 7.4 5.9 7.9 7.3 5.8
Oregon...................... 8.4 6.8 6.2 8.3 6.8 6.3
California.................. 8.8 7.7 6.7 8.2 7.4 6.3
Alaska...................... 8.2 7.4 6.7 7.8 6.8 6.1
Hawaii......................12.7 11.4 8.5 14.6 14.0 8.9
Black
Geographic division
and State 1975-77 1980-82 1985-87
Fetal deaths1/ per 1,000 live births plus fetal deaths
United States.................. 16.1 14.0 12.6
New England.................... 13.5 11.5 11.1
Maine....................... * * *
New Hampshire............... * * *
Vermont..................... * * *
Massachusetts............... 13.8 11.7 10.9
Rhode Island................ *19.1 *14.1 *13.1
Connecticut................. 12.4 11.0 11.3
Middle Atlantic................ 15.7 14.6 13.8
New York.................... 14.6 14.9 14.1
New Jersey.................. 14.3 12.5 12.7
Pennsylvania................ 19.8 15.9 13.9
East North Central............. 14.9 12.6 11.0
Ohio........................ 14.0 12.0 11.1
Indiana..................... 15.6 12.3 13.1
Illinois.................... 16.0 14.1 12.0
Michigan.................... 13.9 10.4 8.2
Wisconsin................... 13.2 13.2 12.6
West North Central............. 14.8 13.8 10.8
Minnesota................... *14.0 *10.4 9.9
Iowa........................ *15.9 *10.8 *9.4
Missouri.................... 14.6 14.6 10.6
North Dakota................ * * *
South Dakota................ * * *
Nebraska.................... *17.2 *14.2 *12.9
Kansas...................... 15.0 13.2 12.2
South Atlantic................. 17.5 15.8 14.1
Delaware.................... 13.8 12.5 12.7
Maryland.................... 14.9 13.1 12.2
District of Columbia........ 17.0 13.9 14.0
Virginia.................... 21.7 18.0 15.6
West Virginia............... *20.6 *13.5 *11.2
North Carolina.............. 17.0 14.2 11.9
South Carolina.............. 18.9 17.5 14.6
Georgia..................... 18.0 18.8 16.2
Florida..................... 15.7 14.1 13.7
East South Central............. 19.1 15.6 13.8
Kentucky.................... 17.4 13.3 13.6
Tennessee................... 16.3 12.8 9.7
Alabama..................... 18.1 15.7 15.2
Mississippi................. 22.3 18.0 15.7
West South Central............. 14.8 12.2 10.9
Arkansas.................... 17.6 12.9 11.2
Louisiana................... 15.4 13.6 11.7
Oklahoma.................... 15.4 14.3 11.8
Texas....................... 13.5 10.6 10.2
Mountain....................... 15.7 13.2 10.7
Montana..................... * * *
Idaho....................... * * *
Wyoming..................... * * *
Colorado.................... 17.9 15.0 11.5
New Mexico.................. *15.4 *15.6 *6.2
Arizona..................... *14.4 12.7 11.0
Utah........................ * * *
Nevada...................... *12.4 *12.0 10.4
Pacific........................ 13.8 11.6 11.5
Washington.................. 13.5 12.4 9.4
Oregon...................... *11.6 *9.2 *7.1
California.................. 13.9 11.5 11.8
Alaska...................... * *11.2 *7.1
Hawaii...................... *15.2 *15.3 *11.6
1/Deaths of fetuses of 20 weeks or more gestation.
*Data for States with fewer than 5,000 live births for the 3-year period are
considered unreliable. Data for States with fewer than 1,000 live births are
considered highly unreliable and are not shown.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics: Data computed by the Division
of Analysis from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics.
3Infant mortality,perinatal mort. ratios,ann.% change:cntry'81,87
Table 20. Infant mortality rates, perinatal mortality ratios, and average
annual percent change: Selected countries, 1981 and 1986
(Data are based on reporting by countries)
Infant mortality rate Perinatal mortality ratio
Average Average
annual annual
Country 19811/ 19863/ percent 19811/ 19863/ pecent
change change
Infant deaths per Perinatal deaths per
1,000 live births 1,000 live births
Japan........................7.1 5.2 -6.0 10.8 7.3 -7.5
Finland......................6.5 5.9 -1.9 7.9 6.4 -4.1
Sweden.......................6.9 5.9 -3.1 7.7 7.5 -0.5
Switzerland................. 7.6 6.8 -2.2 9.2 7.7 -3.5
Hong Kong....................9.4 7.7 -3.9 10.9 8.3 -5.3
Netherlands..................8.3 7.8 -1.2 10.8 9.8 -1.9
Canada.......................9.6 7.9 -3.8 10.8 8.5 -4.7
Norway.......................7.5 8.0 1.3 9.6 8.4 -2.6
France.......................9.7 8.0 -3.8 12.4 10.5 -3.3
Denmark......................7.9 8.2 0.7 9.1 8.4 -1.6
Federal Republic of Germany.11.6 8.5 -6.0 10.6 7.6 -6.4
Spain.......................12.1 8.5 -6.8 14.6 11.9 -9.7
Ireland.....................10.3 8.7 -3.3 13.6 12.4 -2.3
Australia...................10.0 8.9 -2.3 12.6 10.9 -2.9
Scotland....................11.3 8.9 -4.7 11.7 10.2 -2.7
German Democratic Republic..12.3 9.2 -5.6 13.7 9.9 -7.8
Singapore...................10.7 9.3 -2.8 12.7 10.3 -4.1
England and Wales...........11.0 9.6 -2.7 11.9 9.6 -4.2
Italy.......................14.1 9.8 -7.0 16.8 13.5 -5.3
Northern Ireland............13.2 10.2 -5.0 15.5 9.5 -9.3
Austria.....................12.7 10.3 -4.1 12.0 9.2 -5.2
United States...............11.9 10.4 -2.7 12.6 10.4 -3.8
New Zealand.................11.8 11.4 -0.7 10.9 8.7 -4.4
Israel......................15.6 11.4 -6.1 14.4 12.1 -5.6
Greece......................16.3 12.3 -5.5 18.6 14.9 -5.4
Czechoslovakia..............16.9 13.4 -4.5 16.4 12.4 -5.4
Cuba........................18.5 13.6 -6.0 22.7 19.1 -3.4
Trinidad and Tobago.........15.9 13.7 -3.7 13.0 --- ---
Puerto Rico.................18.5 13.7 -5.8 23.6 18.4 -4.9
Bulgaria....................18.9 14.7 -4.9 13.4 11.9 -2.3
Kuwait......................24.1 15.7 -8.2 19.9 18.7 -1.2
Portugal....................21.8 15.9 -6.1 23.0 18.4 -4.4
Belgium.....................11.5 16.1 7.0 13.3 11.3 -5.3
Poland......................20.6 17.5 -3.2 17.7 15.8 -2.2
Costa Rica..................19.1 17.8 -1.4 --- --- ---
Hungary.....................20.8 19.1 -1.7 21.2 18.3 -2.9
Chile.......................27.0 19.1 -6.7 17.8 14.1 -4.6
U.S.S.R.....................25.1 25.1 0.0 --- --- ---
Romania.....................28.6 25.6 -2.7 14.7 12.5 -4.0
1/Data for the U.S.S.R. are for 1983.
2/Data for Trinidad and Tobago are provisional for 1985; data for Romania are
for 1985. Data for Spain are provisional.
3/Data for the German Democratic Republic, Greece, Ireland, Italy, and
Romania are for 1985; data for Belgium and Israel are for 1984; and data for
Spain are for 1983.
NOTE: Rankings are from lowest to highest infant mortality rates based on the
latest data available for countries or geographic areas with at least
1 million population and with complete counts of live births and
infant deaths as indicated in the United Nations Demographic
SOURCES: World Health Organization: World Health Statistics
Annuals. Vols. 1983-1988. Geneva. United Nations: Demographic
Yearbook 1982 and 1986; Population and Vital Statistics Report.
April 1, 1989. New York
3Life expectancy at birth/age 65 according to sex:countries'81,8
Table 21. Life expectancy at birth and at 65 years of age, according to
sex: Selected countries, 1981 and 1986
(Data are based on reporting by countries)
At birthAt 65 years
19811/19862/19811/19862/
Male Life expectancy in years
Japan............................... 73.8 75.5 14.9 16.1
Greece.............................. 73.5 74.1 15.4 15.4
Sweden.............................. 73.1 74.0 14.4 14.9
Hong Kong........................... 73.4 73.8 15.8 14.9
Switzerland......................... 72.5 73.8 14.4 15.1
Israel.............................. 72.8 73.4 14.7 14.9
Spain............................... 72.6 73.2 14.8 15.2
Netherlands......................... 72.8 73.1 14.1 14.1
Canada.............................. 71.9 73.1 14.7 15.0
Australia........................... 71.4 73.0 14.0 14.9
Norway.............................. 72.7 72.9 14.3 14.5
Cuba................................ 72.2 72.7 15.8 15.8
England and Wales................... 71.2 72.6 13.1 13.9
Costa Rica.......................... 71.0 72.0 14.8 14.2
Denmark............................. 71.4 71.9 13.7 14.1
Federal Republic of Germany......... 70.2 71.9 13.1 13.8
Kuwait.............................. 69.0 71.9 12.5 13.9
France.............................. 70.9 71.8 14.3 14.7
Italy............................... 71.1 71.3 14.0 13.7
United States....................... 70.4 71.3 14.3 14.7
New Zealand......................... 70.5 71.1 13.5 13.9
Northern Ireland.................... 68.4 71.1 11.9 13.0
Austria............................. 69.3 71.0 13.0 14.0
Singapore........................... 69.1 71.0 12.6 13.4
Belgium............................. 70.0 70.9 13.0 13.6
Ireland............................. 70.1 70.8 12.5 12.4
Finland............................. 69.6 70.6 13.0 13.5
Puerto Rico....................... 70.8 70.2 16.1 15.0
Portugal........................... 68.2 70.2 13.2 14.1
Trinidad and Tobago............... --- 70.2 --- 15.0
Scotland............................ 69.1 70.1 12.2 12.6
German Democratic Republic........ 69.0 69.5 12.3 12.4
Chile............................. 67.8 68.9 13.3 13.3
Bulgaria............................ 68.9 68.6 13.0 12.7
Czechoslovakia...................... 67.0 67.3 11.7 11.7
Romania............................. 66.8 67.1 12.9 12.8
Poland.............................. 67.1 66.7 12.7 12.3
Hungary............................. 65.5 65.3 11.6 11.9
U.S.S.R........................... --- 64.2 --- 12.3
Female
Japan................................ 79.1 81.6 17.9 20.0
Switzerland......................... 79.4 80.6 18.5 19.4
Sweden............................... 79.3 80.2 18.2 19.0
France.............................. 79.1 80.0 18.7 19.2
Norway.............................. 79.5 79.9 18.4 19.0
Canada.............................. 79.3 79.9 19.3 19.3
Netherlands......................... 79.6 79.8 18.8 18.9
Spain............................... 78.8 79.8 18.1 18.7
Australia........................... 78.7 79.6 18.4 18.9
Hong Kong........................... 79.4 79.2 19.4 18.2
Finland............................. 78.2 78.9 17.1 17.7
Greece.............................. 78.0 78.9 17.5 17.7
Italy............................... 77.8 78.9 17.3 17.7
Federal Republic of Germany......... 76.9 78.5 16.9 17.7
United States....................... 77.8 78.3 18.6 18.6
England and Wales................... 77.2 78.3 17.2 17.9
Denmark............................. 77.6 77.8 17.9 18.1
Austria............................. 76.4 77.8 16.4 17.3
Belgium............................. 76.8 77.7 16.9 17.8
New Zealand......................... 77.0 77.5 17.5 17.8
Puerto Rico......................... 77.7 77.2 19.7 17.3
Northern Ireland.................... 75.0 77.2 15.7 16.9
Trinidad and Tobago................. --- 77.2 --- 17.3
Portugal............................ 75.2 77.1 16.2 17.3
Israel.............................. 76.0 77.0 16.1 16.4
Costa Rica.......................... 76.0 76.6 16.6 17.1
Ireland............................. 75.8 76.4 15.8 16.0
Singapore........................... 74.5 76.4 15.5 16.5
Scotland............................ 75.3 76.3 16.0 16.4
Cuba................................ 75.9 76.1 17.9 17.4
German Democratic Republic.......... 74.8 75.4 15.1 15.3
Chile............................... 74.7 75.4 16.8 16.5
Poland.............................. 75.4 75.1 16.4 15.9
Kuwait.............................. 73.8 74.9 15.2 15.4
Czechoslovakia...................... 74.5 74.8 15.0 15.0
Bulgaria............................ 74.4 74.7 15.1 14.9
Hungary............................. 73.0 73.3 14.8 15.1
U.S.S.R............................. --- 73.3 --- 15.8
Romania............................. 72.4 72.7 14.7 14.7
1/Data for Belgium are for 1979-1982; data for Costa Rica and Northern
Ireland are for 1980; data for Chile and Kuwait are for 1982; and data for
Switzerland are for 1981-1982.
2/Data for Chile, the German Democratic Republic, Hong Kong, Italy, and
Puerto Rico are for 1985; data for England and Wales and Northern Ireland
are for 1987; data for Romania and Spain are for 1984; data for the
U.S.S.R. are for 1985-1986; and data for Trinidad and Tobago are for 1983.
NOTES: Rankings are from highest to lowest life expectancy based on the
latest available data for countries or geographic areas with at
least 1 million population. This table is based on official
mortality data from the country concerned, as submitted to the
United Nations Demographic Yearbook or the World Health
Statistics Annual.
SOURCES: World Health Organization: World Health Statistics Annuals. Vols.
1982-1985, 1987, and 1988. Geneva. United Nations: Demographic
Yearbook 1985-1987. New York. National Center for Health
Statistics: Vital Statistics of the United States, 1981, Vol. II,
Mortality, Part A. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-11-1. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1986;
Vital Statistics of the United States, 1986, Vol. II, Mortality,
Part A. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1122. Public Health Service.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988.
3Death rates all causes death by sex/race:U.S.select years '50-87
Table 22. Death rates for all causes, according to sex, race, and age:
United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted.... 840.5 760.9 714.3 585.8
All ages, crude........... 963.8 954.7 945.3 878.3
Under 1 year.................... 3,299.2 2,696.4 2,142.4 1,288.3
1-4 years....................... 139.4 109.1 84.5 63.9
5-14 years...................... 60.1 46.6 41.3 30.6
15-24 years..................... 128.1 106.3 127.7 115.4
25-34 years..................... 178.7 146.4 157.4 135.5
35-44 years..................... 358.7 299.4 314.5 227.9
45-54 years..................... 853.9 756.0 730.0 584.0
55-64 years..................... 1,911.7 1,735.1 1,658.8 1,346.3
65-74 years..................... 4,067.7 3,822.1 3,582.7 2,994.9
75-84 years..................... 9,331.1 8,745.2 8,004.4 6,692.6
85 years and over............... 20,196.9 19,857.5 16,344.9 15,980.3
White male
All ages, age adjusted...... 963.1 917.7 893.4 745.3
All ages, crude............. 1,089.5 1,098.5 1,086.7 983.3
Under 1 year.................... 3,400.5 2,694.1 2,113.2 1,230.3
1-4 years....................... 135.5 104.9 83.6 66.1
5-14 years...................... 67.2 52.7 48.0 35.0
15-24 years..................... 152.4 143.7 170.8 167.0
25-34 years..................... 185.3 163.2 176.6 171.3
35-44 years..................... 380.9 332.6 343.5 257.4
45-54 years..................... 984.5 932.2 882.9 698.9
55-64 years..................... 2,304.4 2,225.2 2,202.6 1,728.5
65-74 years..................... 4,864.9 4,848.4 4,810.1 4,035.7
75-84 years..................... 10,526.3 10,299.6 10,098.8 8,829.8
85 years and over............... 22,116.3 21,750.0 18,551.7 19,097.3
Black male
All ages, age adjusted...... 1,373.1 1,246.1 1,318.6 1,112.8
All ages, crude............. 1,260.3 1,181.7 1,186.6 1,034.1
Under 1 year.................... --- 5,306.8 4,298.9 2,586.7
1-4 years....................... --- 208.5 150.5 110.5
5-14 years...................... 95.1 75.1 67.1 47.4
15-24 years..................... 289.7 212.0 320.6 209.1
25-34 years..................... 503.5 402.5 559.5 407.3
35-44 years..................... 878.1 762.0 956.6 689.8
45-54 years..................... 1,905.0 1,624.8 1,777.5 1,479.9
55-64 years..................... 3,773.2 3,316.4 3,256.9 2,873.0
65-74 years..................... 5,310.3 5,798.7 5,803.2 5,131.1
75-84 years..................... --- 8,605.1 9,454.9 9,231.6
85 years and over............... --- 14,844.8 12,222.3 16,098.8
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted...... 645.0 555.0 501.7 411.1
All ages, crude............. 803.3 800.9 812.6 806.1
Under 1 year.................... 2,566.8 2,007.7 1,614.6 962.5
1-4 years....................... 112.2 85.2 66.1 49.3
5-14 years...................... 45.1 34.7 29.9 22.9
15-24 years..................... 71.5 54.9 61.6 55.5
25-34 years..................... 112.8 85.0 84.1 65.4
35-44 years..................... 235.8 191.1 193.3 138.2
45-54 years..................... 546.4 458.8 462.9 372.7
55-64 years..................... 1,293.8 1,078.9 1,014.9 876.2
65-74 years..................... 3,242.8 2,779.3 2,470.7 2,066.6
75-84 years..................... 8,481.5 7,696.6 6,698.7 5,401.7
85 years and over............... 19,679.5 19,477.7 15,980.2 14,979.6
Black female
All ages, age adjusted...... 1,106.7 916.9 814.4 631.1
All ages, crude............. 1,002.0 905.0 829.2 733.3
Under 1 year.................... --- 4,162.2 3,368.8 2,123.7
1-4 years....................... --- 173.3 129.4 84.4
5-14 years...................... 72.8 53.8 43.8 30.5
15-24 years..................... 213.1 107.5 111.9 70.5
25-34 years..................... 393.3 273.2 231.0 150.0
35-44 years..................... 758.1 568.5 533.0 323.9
45-54 years..................... 1,576.4 1,177.0 1,043.9 768.2
55-64 years..................... 3,089.4 2,510.9 1,986.2 1,561.0
65-74 years..................... 4,000.2 4,064.2 3,860.9 3,057.4
75-84 years..................... --- 6,730.0 6,691.5 6,212.1
85 years and over............... --- 13,052.6 10,706.6 12,367.2
Sex, race, and age 1981 1982 1983 1984
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted.... 568.2 553.8 550.5 545.9
All ages, crude........... 862.4 852.0 862.8 862.3
Under 1 year.................... 1,207.3 1,164.2 1,107.3 1,085.6
1-4 years....................... 60.2 57.6 55.9 51.9
5-14 years...................... 29.4 28.3 26.9 26.7
15-24 years..................... 107.1 101.0 96.0 96.8
25-34 years..................... 132.1 125.2 121.4 121.1
35-44 years..................... 221.3 207.4 201.9 204.8
45-54 years..................... 573.5 549.7 535.7 521.1
55-64 years..................... 1,322.1 1,297.9 1,299.5 1,287.8
65-74 years..................... 2,922.3 2,885.2 2,874.3 2,848.1
75-84 years..................... 6,429.9 6,329.8 6,441.5 6,399.3
85 years and over...............15,379.7 15,048.3 15,168.0 15,223.6
White male
All ages, age adjusted...... 724.4 706.0 698.4 689.9
All ages, crude............. 965.1 951.8 957.4 951.1
Under 1 year.................... 1,182.0 1,135.5 1,052.9 1,038.4
1-4 years....................... 60.5 58.2 57.3 51.8
5-14 years...................... 34.2 32.5 31.1 30.5
15-24 years..................... 154.5 145.6 137.0 138.8
25-34 years..................... 167.3 158.7 154.8 154.3
35-44 years..................... 252.4 238.6 232.9 235.1
45-54 years..................... 686.5 659.9 636.5 617.9
55-64 years..................... 1,692.0 1,654.6 1,642.9 1,625.5
65-74 years..................... 3,926.9 3,859.8 3,816.1 3,745.3
75-84 years..................... 8,565.2 8,444.7 8,556.9 8,459.1
85 years and over...............18,454.0 18,123.1 18,443.3 18,552.7
Black male
All ages, age adjusted...... 1,067.7 1,035.0 1,019.6 1,011.7
All ages, crude............. 991.6 960.4 963.3 958.1
Under 1 year.................... 2,164.8 2,168.9 2,243.4 2,136.6
1-4 years....................... 105.3 93.4 96.8 85.2
5-14 years...................... 45.2 44.4 40.9 42.4
15-24 years..................... 186.7 175.4 165.0 163.9
25-34 years..................... 387.1 360.3 335.8 335.6
35-44 years..................... 667.9 606.7 586.5 616.0
45-54 years..................... 1,432.5 1,352.1 1,287.3 1,273.5
55-64 years..................... 2,804.1 2,758.1 2,713.1 2,658.3
65-74 years..................... 5,046.3 5,040.1 4,949.3 4,874.5
75-84 years..................... 8,635.1 8,477.2 9,100.0 9,023.1
85 years and over...............15,396.4 15,117.9 14,155.6 14,642.9
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted...... 401.4 393.3 392.7 391.3
All ages, crude............. 799.6 797.9 815.3 822.3
Under 1 year.................... 935.4 895.2 837.6 818.5
1-4 years....................... 47.7 47.0 43.9 41.6
5-14 years...................... 21.6 21.2 19.7 20.0
15-24 years..................... 53.2 49.5 48.3 49.6
25-34 years..................... 64.7 61.3 60.1 59.5
35-44 years..................... 133.6 127.7 123.4 123.9
45-54 years..................... 370.9 355.1 351.0 341.9
55-64 years..................... 869.4 859.8 867.8 864.9
65-74 years..................... 2,032.8 2,022.9 2,024.7 2,032.5
75-84 years..................... 5,176.3 5,100.7 5,162.2 5,140.0
85 years and over...............14,438.2 14,123.9 14,278.3 14,319.6
Black female
All ages, age adjusted...... 599.1 581.4 590.4 585.3
All ages, crude............. 707.3 692.4 711.2 712.0
Under 1 year.................... 1,823.4 1,760.1 1,818.6 1,789.1
1-4 years....................... 81.6 76.4 73.6 72.2
5-14 years...................... 30.0 29.4 28.0 27.8
15-24 years..................... 64.0 63.5 65.6 61.6
25-34 years..................... 141.1 134.8 130.0 130.6
35-44 years..................... 306.1 282.7 276.1 285.7
45-54 years..................... 723.9 693.1 685.8 655.0
55-64 years..................... 1,527.9 1,498.3 1,526.3 1,489.7
65-74 years..................... 2,929.7 2,863.0 2,930.6 2,907.4
75-84 years..................... 5,822.3 5,708.5 6,064.6 6,184.1
85 years and over...............11,933.0 11,660.0 11,329.5 11,439.1
Sex, race, and age 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted.... 546.1 541.7 535.5
All ages, crude........... 873.9 873.2 872.4
Under 1 year.................... 1,067.8 1,032.1 1,018.5
1-4 years....................... 51.4 52.0 51.6
5-14 years...................... 26.3 26.0 25.6
15-24 years..................... 95.9 102.3 99.4
25-34 years..................... 123.4 132.1 133.2
35-44 years..................... 207.2 212.9 214.1
45-54 years..................... 516.3 504.8 498.0
55-64 years..................... 1,282.7 1,255.1 1,241.3
65-74 years..................... 2,838.6 2,801.4 2,751.3
75-84 years..................... 6,445.1 6,348.2 6,282.5
85 years and over...............15,480.3 15,398.9 15,320.8
White male
All ages, age adjusted...... 688.7 679.8 668.2
All ages, crude............. 960.0 954.4 947.8
Under 1 year.................... 1,033.9 976.6 942.1
1-4 years....................... 52.4 52.2 52.0
5-14 years...................... 29.9 29.9 30.0
15-24 years..................... 136.3 145.9 137.3
25-34 years..................... 157.1 168.8 167.8
35-44 years..................... 241.4 248.4 249.6
45-54 years..................... 608.8 592.2 582.8
55-64 years..................... 1,614.3 1,573.1 1,552.8
65-74 years..................... 3,716.8 3,634.8 3,548.4
75-84 years..................... 8,500.4 8,341.7 8,212.2
85 years and over...............18,788.9 18,576.1 18,434.9
Black male
All ages, age adjusted...... 1,024.0 1,026.9 1,023.2
All ages, crude............. 976.8 987.7 989.5
Under 1 year.................... 2,134.8 2,181.7 2,211.4
1-4 years....................... 89.0 90.9 90.5
5-14 years...................... 41.3 42.0 42.5
15-24 years..................... 174.1 190.5 203.9
25-34 years..................... 374.4 385.6 389.8
35-44 years..................... 641.8 675.9 701.5
45-54 years..................... 1,283.3 1,266.5 1,263.6
55-64 years..................... 2,623.1 2,545.5 2,464.7
65-74 years..................... 4,888.7 4,789.9 4,737.6
75-84 years..................... 9,298.4 9,290.8 9,240.7
85 years and over...............15,046.2 15,488.1 15,226.1
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted...... 390.6 387.7 384.1
All ages, crude............. 837.1 840.7 845.5
Under 1 year.................... 786.9 759.1 742.9
1-4 years....................... 39.7 40.7 40.5
5-14 years...................... 19.4 18.6 17.9
15-24 years..................... 48.4 50.4 49.1
25-34 years..................... 58.9 60.4 62.6
35-44 years..................... 121.2 121.3 119.3
45-54 years..................... 339.5 330.3 325.7
55-64 years..................... 864.1 853.3 848.5
65-74 years..................... 2,028.3 2,031.8 2,001.8
75-84 years..................... 5,171.4 5,108.7 5,075.2
85 years and over...............14,579.4 14,502.9 14,486.9
Black female
All ages, age adjusted...... 589.1 588.2 586.2
All ages, crude............. 727.7 733.9 737.3
Under 1 year.................... 1,756.6 1,731.1 1,791.5
1-4 years....................... 70.3 76.5 73.5
5-14 years...................... 28.1 26.9 25.0
15-24 years..................... 59.5 64.3 67.9
25-34 years..................... 136.3 146.5 150.0
35-44 years..................... 278.4 290.2 295.9
45-54 years..................... 654.0 654.6 646.3
55-64 years..................... 1,501.7 1,469.8 1,445.0
65-74 years..................... 2,925.7 2,892.3 2,874.5
75-84 years..................... 6,252.0 6,148.8 6,145.7
85 years and over...............12,154.7 12,510.3 12,313.2
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data
computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Age adjusted death rate for select causes by sex/race:U.S.'50-87
Table 23. Age-adjusted death rates for selected causes of death, according to
sex and race: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and cause of death 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All causes........................... 840.5 760.9 714.3 585.8
Diseases of heart.......................... 307.2 286.2 253.6 202.0
Ischemic heart disease................... --- --- --- 149.8
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 88.6 79.7 66.3 40.8
Malignant neoplasms........................ 125.3 125.8 129.8 132.8
Respiratory system....................... 12.8 19.2 28.4 36.4
Colorectal............................... 19.0 17.7 16.8 15.5
Prostate2/............................... 13.4 13.1 13.3 14.4
Breast3/................................. 22.2 22.3 23.1 22.7
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 4.4 8.2 13.2 15.9
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 26.2 28.0 22.1 12.9
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 8.5 10.5 14.7 12.2
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 14.3 13.6 14.1 10.1
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 57.5 49.9 53.7 42.3
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 23.3 22.5 27.4 22.9
Suicide.................................... 11.0 10.6 11.8 11.4
Homicide and legal intervention............ 5.4 5.2 9.1 10.8
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
White male
All causes............................. 963.1 917.7 893.4 745.3
Diseases of heart.......................... 381.1 375.4 347.6 277.5
Ischemic heart disease................... --- --- --- 218.0
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 87.0 80.3 68.8 41.9
Malignant neoplasms........................ 130.9 141.6 154.3 160.5
Respiratory system....................... 21.6 34.6 49.9 58.0
Colorectal............................... 19.8 18.9 18.9 18.3
Prostate................................. 13.1 12.4 12.3 13.2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 6.0 13.8 24.0 26.7
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 27.1 31.0 26.0 16.2
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 11.6 14.4 18.8 15.7
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 11.3 11.6 12.7 9.5
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 80.9 70.5 76.2 62.3
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 35.9 34.0 40.1 34.8
Suicide.................................... 18.1 17.5 18.2 18.9
Homicide and legal intervention............ 3.9 3.9 7.3 10.9
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
Black male
All causes............................. 1,373.1 1,246.1 1,318.6 1,112.8
Diseases of heart.......................... 415.5 381.2 375.9 327.3
Ischemic heart disease................... --- --- --- 196.0
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 146.2 141.2 122.5 77.5
Malignant neoplasms........................ 126.1 158.5 198.0 229.9
Respiratory system....................... 16.9 36.6 60.8 82.0
Colorectal............................... 13.8 15.0 17.3 19.2
Prostate................................. 16.9 22.2 25.4 29.1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... --- --- --- 20.9
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 63.8 70.2 53.8 28.0
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 8.8 14.8 33.1 30.6
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 11.5 16.2 21.2 17.7
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 105.7 100.0 119.5 82.0
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 39.8 38.2 50.1 32.9
Suicide.................................... 7.0 7.8 9.9 11.1
Homicide and legal intervention............ 51.1 44.9 82.1 71.9
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
White female
All causes............................. 645.0 555.0 501.7 411.1
Diseases of heart.......................... 223.6 197.1 167.8 134.6
Ischemic heart disease................... --- --- --- 97.4
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 79.7 68.7 56.2 35.2
Malignant neoplasms........................ 119.4 109.5 107.6 107.7
Respiratory system....................... 4.6 5.1 10.1 18.2
Colorectal............................... 19.0 17.0 15.3 13.3
Breast................................... 22.5 22.4 23.4 22.8
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 2.8 3.3 5.3 9.2
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 18.9 19.0 15.0 9.4
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 5.8 6.6 8.7 7.0
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 16.4 13.7 12.8 8.7
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 30.6 25.5 27.2 21.4
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 10.6 11.1 14.4 12.3
Suicide.................................... 5.3 5.3 7.2 5.7
Homicide and legal intervention............ 1.4 1.5 2.2 3.2
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
Black female
All causes............................. 1,106.7 916.9 814.4 631.1
Diseases of heart.......................... 349.5 292.6 251.7 201.1
Ischemic heart disease................... --- --- --- 116.1
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 155.6 139.5 107.9 61.7
Malignant neoplasms........................ 131.9 127.8 123.5 129.7
Respiratory system....................... 4.1 5.5 10.9 19.5
Colorectal............................... 15.0 15.4 16.1 15.3
Breast................................... 19.3 21.3 21.5 23.3
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... --- --- --- 6.3
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 50.4 43.9 29.2 12.7
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 5.7 8.9 17.8 14.4
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 22.7 27.3 30.9 22.1
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 38.5 35.9 35.3 25.1
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 10.3 10.0 13.8 8.4
Suicide.................................... 1.7 1.9 2.9 2.4
Homicide and legal intervention............ 11.7 11.8 15.0 13.7
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
Sex, race, and cause of death 1981 1982 1983 1984
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All causes........................... 568.2 553.8 550.5 545.9
Diseases of heart.......................... 195.0 190.5 188.8 183.6
Ischemic heart disease................... 143.4 139.3 135.2 129.7
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 38.1 35.8 34.4 33.4
Malignant neoplasms........................ 131.6 132.5 132.6 133.5
Respiratory system....................... 36.6 37.5 37.9 38.4
Colorectal............................... 15.1 15.0 14.9 15.0
Prostate2/............................... 14.3 14.4 14.6 14.5
Breast3/................................. 22.7 22.8 22.7 23.2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 16.3 16.2 17.4 17.7
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 12.3 10.9 11.8 12.2
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 11.4 10.5 10.2 10.0
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 9.8 9.6 9.9 9.5
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 39.8 36.6 35.3 35.0
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 21.8 19.3 18.5 19.1
Suicide.................................... 11.5 11.6 11.4 11.6
Homicide and legal intervention............ 10.4 9.7 8.6 8.4
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
White male
All causes............................. 724.4 706.0 698.4 689.9
Diseases of heart.......................... 268.8 262.1 257.8 249.5
Ischemic heart disease................... 209.1 203.0 195.7 187.0
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 38.9 36.6 35.2 33.9
Malignant neoplasms........................ 158.3 159.4 158.9 159.0
Respiratory system....................... 57.8 58.5 58.0 58.4
Colorectal............................... 17.9 17.7 17.8 17.8
Prostate................................. 13.1 13.2 13.4 13.3
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 26.8 26.2 27.6 27.6
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 15.6 14.3 15.3 15.8
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 14.8 14.1 13.4 13.2
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.0
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 59.1 54.1 51.8 51.3
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 33.4 29.3 27.8 28.4
Suicide.................................... 18.9 19.4 19.3 19.7
Homicide and legal intervention............ 10.3 9.5 8.4 8.2
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
Black male
All causes............................. 1,067.7 1,035.0 1,019.6 1,011.7
Diseases of heart.......................... 316.7 309.4 308.2 300.1
Ischemic heart disease................... 188.8 182.2 175.8 168.5
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 72.7 68.9 64.2 62.8
Malignant neoplasms........................ 232.0 235.2 232.2 234.9
Respiratory system....................... 84.1 85.8 83.3 85.9
Colorectal............................... 19.1 19.6 19.0 19.9
Prostate................................. 29.9 29.1 29.9 29.7
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 21.4 20.6 22.2 22.8
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 26.4 23.2 24.3 25.2
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 27.3 23.5 22.8 22.5
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 16.8 16.1 17.7 17.6
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 74.7 68.3 66.2 64.7
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 30.7 27.2 26.4 27.2
Suicide.................................... 11.0 10.8 10.5 11.2
Homicide and legal intervention............ 69.2 62.3 53.8 50.8
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
White female
All causes............................. 401.4 393.3 392.7 391.3
Diseases of heart.......................... 129.8 127.4 126.7 124.0
Ischemic heart disease................... 93.2 90.9 89.0 86.0
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 33.1 31.0 29.6 28.9
Malignant neoplasms........................ 107.2 108.2 108.5 109.9
Respiratory system....................... 18.8 20.0 21.0 21.6
Colorectal............................... 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.8
Breast................................... 22.8 22.8 22.7 23.1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 9.8 10.0 11.3 11.8
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 9.0 7.6 8.6 8.8
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 6.7 6.1 6.0 5.9
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 8.4 8.3 8.6 8.0
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 20.2 18.7 18.3 18.5
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 11.7 10.5 10.3 10.9
Suicide.................................... 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.6
Homicide and legal intervention............ 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.9
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
Black female
All causes............................. 599.1 581.4 590.4 585.3
Diseases of heart.......................... 191.2 186.3 191.5 186.6
Ischemic heart disease................... 110.1 106.9 106.8 102.6
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 58.1 54.7 53.8 51.8
Malignant neoplasms........................ 127.1 128.7 129.8 131.0
Respiratory system....................... 20.1 20.4 22.0 21.4
Colorectal............................... 15.3 15.5 15.1 15.3
Breast................................... 23.7 24.6 24.4 26.1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 6.3 7.3 7.6 8.1
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 11.3 10.1 10.2 11.3
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 12.7 10.9 10.8 10.3
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 21.3 19.8 21.1 20.5
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 21.6 20.8 21.9 20.1
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.6
Suicide.................................... 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.3
Homicide and legal intervention............ 12.9 12.0 11.2 11.0
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- --- ---
Sex, race, and cause of death 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All causes........................... 546.1 541.7 535.5
Diseases of heart.......................... 180.5 175.0 169.6
Ischemic heart disease................... 125.5 118.8 113.9
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 32.3 31.0 30.3
Malignant neoplasms........................ 133.6 133.2 132.9
Respiratory system....................... 38.8 39.0 39.7
Colorectal............................... 14.8 14.4 14.3
Prostate2/............................... 14.6 15.0 14.9
Breast3/................................. 23.2 23.1 22.9
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 18.7 18.8 18.7
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 13.4 13.5 13.1
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 9.6 9.2 9.1
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 9.6 9.6 9.8
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 34.7 35.2 34.6
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 18.8 19.4 19.5
Suicide.................................... 11.5 11.9 11.7
Homicide and legal intervention............ 8.3 9.0 8.6
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- 5.5
White male
All causes............................. 688.7 679.8 668.2
Diseases of heart.......................... 244.5 234.8 225.9
Ischemic heart disease................... 180.8 169.9 161.7
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 32.8 31.1 30.3
Malignant neoplasms........................ 159.2 158.8 158.4
Respiratory system....................... 58.2 58.0 58.6
Colorectal............................... 17.6 17.2 17.1
Prostate................................. 13.3 13.8 13.7
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 28.5 28.1 27.4
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 17.4 17.5 16.8
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 12.6 12.2 12.1
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 9.2 9.1 9.5
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 50.4 51.1 49.7
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 27.6 28.7 28.4
Suicide.................................... 19.9 20.5 20.1
Homicide and legal intervention............ 8.1 8.4 7.7
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- 8.3
Black male
All causes............................. 1,024.0 1,026.9 1,023.2
Diseases of heart.......................... 301.0 294.3 287.1
Ischemic heart disease................... 164.9 153.9 150.8
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 60.8 58.9 57.1
Malignant neoplasms........................ 231.6 229.0 227.9
Respiratory system....................... 84.4 83.9 84.2
Colorectal............................... 19.5 19.3 19.7
Prostate................................. 30.2 30.1 30.1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 23.9 24.6 24.0
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 26.8 27.2 26.4
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 23.4 20.8 22.0
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 17.7 17.9 18.3
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 66.7 66.9 66.8
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 27.7 29.2 28.5
Suicide.................................... 11.3 11.5 12.0
Homicide and legal intervention............ 49.9 55.9 53.8
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- 25.4
White female
All causes............................. 390.6 387.7 384.1
Diseases of heart.......................... 121.7 119.0 116.3
Ischemic heart disease................... 82.9 79.5 76.9
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 27.9 27.1 26.3
Malignant neoplasms........................ 110.3 110.1 109.7
Respiratory system....................... 22.6 23.1 23.8
Colorectal............................... 12.3 12.0 11.8
Breast................................... 23.3 23.0 22.8
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 12.9 13.3 13.7
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 9.8 9.9 9.7
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 5.6 5.4 5.1
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 8.1 8.1 8.1
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 18.4 18.4 18.6
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 10.8 11.0 11.4
Suicide.................................... 5.3 5.4 5.3
Homicide and legal intervention............ 2.9 2.9 2.9
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- 0.6
Black female
All causes............................. 589.1 588.2 586.2
Diseases of heart.......................... 186.8 185.1 180.8
Ischemic heart disease................... 100.8 97.0 93.6
Cerebrovascular diseases................... 50.3 47.6 46.7
Malignant neoplasms........................ 130.4 132.1 132.0
Respiratory system....................... 22.5 23.3 24.3
Colorectal............................... 16.1 15.2 15.5
Breast................................... 25.3 25.8 26.5
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases..... 8.7 8.9 9.5
Pneumonia and influenza.................... 12.4 13.1 12.2
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........ 10.1 9.3 9.1
Diabetes mellitus.......................... 21.1 21.4 21.3
Accidents and adverse effects.............. 20.7 21.0 21.0
Motor vehicle accidents.................. 8.2 8.5 8.7
Suicide.................................... 2.1 2.4 2.1
Homicide and legal intervention............ 10.8 11.8 12.3
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).. --- --- 4.7
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
2/Male only.
3/Female only.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based on
the then current International Classification of Diseases, which
are described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics Rates in the
United States, 1940-1960, by R. D. Grove and A. M. Hetzel. DHEW Pub.
No. (PHS) 1677. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1968; Unpublished data from the Division of Vital
Statistics; Vital Statistics of the United States, Vol. II,
Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.
Government Printing Office; Data computed by the Division of Analysis
from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics and from
table 1.
3Crude death rate,# deaths,rank select causes:sex/race:U.S.'50-87
Table 24. Crude death rates, numbers of deaths, and rank for selected
causes of death, according to sex and race: United States, 1985-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and cause of death 1985 1986 1987
Deaths per 100,000
All races resident population
All causes.................................. 873.9 873.2 872.4
Diseases of heart........................... 323.0 317.5 312.4
Ischemic heart disease.................... 224.8 216.0 210.4
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 64.1 62.1 61.6
Malignant neoplasms......................... 193.3 194.7 195.9
Respiratory system........................ 53.3 54.1 55.5
Colorectal................................ 23.6 23.2 23.1
Prostate1/................................ 22.3 23.2 23.5
Breast2/.................................. 32.7 32.8 32.8
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 31.3 31.8 32.2
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 28.3 29.0 28.4
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 11.2 10.9 10.8
Diabetes mellitus........................... 15.5 15.4 15.8
Accidents and adverse effects............... 39.1 39.5 39.0
Motor vehicle accidents................... 19.2 19.9 19.8
Suicide..................................... 12.3 12.8 12.7
Homicide and legal intervention............. 8.3 9.0 8.7
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 5.5
White male
All causes.................................. 960.0 954.4 947.8
Diseases of heart........................... 358.9 348.6 340.1
Ischemic heart disease.................... 264.8 251.6 243.0
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 52.5 50.5 49.9
Malignant neoplasms......................... 217.2 218.8 220.5
Respiratory system........................ 77.3 77.8 79.1
Colorectal................................ 25.0 24.6 24.8
Prostate.................................. 21.7 22.8 23.0
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 43.5 43.4 43.0
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 29.3 29.9 29.1
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 14.5 14.1 14.1
Diabetes mellitus........................... 12.9 12.8 13.5
Accidents and adverse effects............... 54.4 55.0 53.6
Motor vehicle accidents................... 28.2 29.2 28.8
Suicide..................................... 21.5 22.3 22.1
Homicide and legal intervention............. 8.2 8.6 7.9
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 8.6
Black male
All causes.................................. 976.8 987.7 989.5
Diseases of heart........................... 285.0 281.3 276.1
Ischemic heart disease.................... 156.6 147.6 145.5
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 58.5 57.1 55.7
Malignant neoplasms......................... 212.2 211.4 212.2
Respiratory system........................ 74.5 74.6 75.5
Colorectal................................ 18.3 18.5 18.7
Prostate.................................. 31.2 31.4 31.8
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 23.1 23.8 23.5
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 26.8 27.6 26.9
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 19.1 17.3 18.3
Diabetes mellitus........................... 16.3 16.5 16.9
Accidents and adverse effects............... 64.0 65.0 64.9
Motor vehicle accidents................... 26.7 28.6 27.7
Suicide..................................... 10.8 11.1 11.6
Homicide and legal intervention............. 48.4 55.0 53.3
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 23.4
White female
All causes.................................. 837.1 840.7 845.5
Diseases of heart........................... 320.7 319.0 317.1
Ischemic heart disease.................... 220.1 214.6 211.2
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 78.1 76.2 75.8
Malignant neoplasms......................... 183.7 185.6 186.9
Respiratory system........................ 34.6 35.9 37.5
Colorectal................................ 24.7 24.2 24.0
Breast.................................... 34.6 34.6 34.5
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 25.4 26.6 27.9
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 30.3 31.0 30.9
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 7.6 7.5 7.2
Diabetes mellitus........................... 16.9 16.7 17.0
Accidents and adverse effects............... 24.2 24.4 24.6
Motor vehicle accidents................... 11.4 11.5 11.9
Suicide..................................... 5.6 5.9 5.7
Homicide and legal intervention............. 2.9 3.0 3.0
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 0.6
Black female
All causes.................................. 727.7 733.9 737.3
Diseases of heart........................... 248.1 250.8 248.3
Ischemic heart disease.................... 136.4 134.3 131.4
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 68.0 65.0 64.3
Malignant neoplasms......................... 143.9 146.7 147.8
Respiratory system........................ 23.3 24.3 25.4
Colorectal................................ 19.7 18.7 19.0
Breast.................................... 25.6 26.2 27.2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 9.9 10.1 11.1
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 17.6 18.6 17.7
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 9.5 8.7 8.6
Diabetes mellitus........................... 25.5 26.0 26.3
Accidents and adverse effects............... 22.7 23.0 23.1
Motor vehicle accidents................... 8.3 8.5 8.8
Suicide..................................... 2.1 2.3 2.1
Homicide and legal intervention............. 11.0 12.1 12.6
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 4.7
Sex, race, and cause of death 1985 1986 1987
All races Number
All causes..................................2,086,440 2,105,361 2,123,323
Diseases of heart........................... 771,169 765,490 760,353
Ischemic heart disease.................... 536,805 520,729 512,138
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 153,050 149,643 149,835
Malignant neoplasms......................... 461,563 469,376 476,927
Respiratory system........................ 127,311 130,450 134,983
Colorectal................................ 56,451 55,816 56,334
Prostate1/................................ 25,943 27,262 27,864
Breast2/.................................. 40,093 40,539 40,899
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 74,662 76,559 78,380
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 67,615 69,812 69,225
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 26,767 26,159 26,201
Diabetes mellitus........................... 36,969 37,184 38,532
Accidents and adverse effects............... 93,457 95,277 95,020
Motor vehicle accidents................... 45,901 47,865 48,290
Suicide..................................... 29,453 30,904 30,796
Homicide and legal intervention............. 19,893 21,731 21,103
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... 3/6,040 3/10,900 13,468
White male
All causes.................................. 950,455 952,554 953,382
Diseases of heart........................... 355,374 347,967 342,063
Ischemic heart disease.................... 262,139 251,111 244,461
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 51,965 50,365 50,237
Malignant neoplasms......................... 215,079 218,381 221,757
Respiratory system........................ 76,567 77,647 79,604
Colorectal................................ 24,782 24,593 24,901
Prostate.................................. 21,472 22,708 23,169
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 43,074 43,341 43,290
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 29,028 29,891 29,284
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 14,321 14,099 14,175
Diabetes mellitus........................... 12,758 12,788 13,553
Accidents and adverse effects............... 53,856 54,864 53,936
Motor vehicle accidents................... 27,894 29,163 29,017
Suicide..................................... 21,256 22,270 22,188
Homicide and legal intervention............. 8,122 8,567 7,979
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 8,700
Black male
All causes.................................. 133,610 137,214 139,551
Diseases of heart........................... 38,982 39,076 38,934
Ischemic heart disease.................... 21,425 20,498 20,521
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 8,000 7,938 7,852
Malignant neoplasms......................... 29,028 29,363 29,928
Respiratory system........................ 10,193 10,368 10,647
Colorectal................................ 2,504 2,564 2,642
Prostate.................................. 4,273 4,358 4,488
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 3,154 3,302 3,319
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 3,664 3,836 3,795
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 2,616 2,404 2,574
Diabetes mellitus........................... 2,230 2,295 2,388
Accidents and adverse effects............... 8,752 9,035 9,159
Motor vehicle accidents................... 3,659 3,974 3,913
Suicide..................................... 1,481 1,537 1,635
Motor vehicle accidents................... 11,795 12,026 12,564
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 3,301
::
White female
All causes.................................. 868,599 878,529 889,685
Diseases of heart........................... 332,778 333,396 333,669
Ischemic heart disease.................... 228,376 224,287 222,229
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 81,067 79,641 79,810
Malignant neoplasms......................... 190,648 193,971 196,71
Respiratory system........................ 35,945 37,532 39,468
Colorectal................................ 25,620 25,249 25,212
Breast.................................... 35,886 36,183 36,297
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 26,364 27,781 29,378
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 31,480 32,432 32,527
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 7,871 7,817 7,591
Diabetes mellitus........................... 17,547 17,496 17,842
Accidents and adverse effects............... 25,155 25,451 25,874
Motor vehicle accidents................... 11,795 12,026 12,564
Suicide..................................... 5,831 6,167 6,029
Homicide and legal intervention............. 3,041 3,123 3,149
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 628
Black female
All causes.................................. 110,597 113,112 115,263
Diseases of heart........................... 37,702 38,650 38,813
Ischemic heart disease.................... 20,736 20,703 20,549
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 10,341 10,014 10,055
Malignant neoplasms......................... 21,878 22,616 23,099
Respiratory system........................ 3,536 3,744 3,975
Colorectal................................ 2,988 2,877 2,968
Breast.................................... 3,896 4,045 4,252
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 1,505 1,554 1,733
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 2,674 2,864 2,770
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 1,439 1,341 1,342
Diabetes mellitus........................... 3,874 4,004 4,109
Accidents and adverse effects............... 3,455 3,550 3,618
Motor vehicle accidents................... 1,257 1,313 1,374
Suicide..................................... 314 355 328
Homicide and legal intervention............. 1,666 1,861 1,969
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 739
Sex, race, and cause of death 1985 1986 1987
All races Rank
All causes.................................. ... ... ...
Diseases of heart........................... 1 1 1
Ischemic heart disease.................... ... ... ...
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 3 3 3
Malignant neoplasms......................... 2 2 2
Respiratory system........................ ... ... ...
Colorectal................................ ... ... ...
Prostate1/................................ ... ... ...
Breast2/.................................. ... ... ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 5 5 5
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 6 6 6
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 9 9 9
Diabetes mellitus........................... 7 7 7
Accidents and adverse effects............... 4 4 4
Motor vehicle accidents................... ... ... ...
Suicide..................................... 8 8 8
Homicide and legal intervention............. 12 12 12
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... 19 16 15
White male
All causes.................................. ... ... ...
Diseases of heart........................... 1 1 1
Ischemic heart disease.................... ... ... ...
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 4 4 4
Malignant neoplasms......................... 2 2 2
Respiratory system........................ ... ... ...
Colorectal................................ ... ... ...
Prostate.................................. ... ... ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 5 5 5
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 6 6 6
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 8 8 8
Diabetes mellitus........................... 9 9 9
Accidents and adverse effects............... 3 3 3
Motor vehicle accidents................... ... ... ...
Suicide..................................... 7 7 7
Homicide and legal intervention............. 12 11 12
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 11
Black male
All causes.................................. ... ... ...
Diseases of heart........................... 1 1 1
Ischemic heart disease.................... ... ... ...
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 4 4 4
Malignant neoplasms......................... 2 2 2
Respiratory system........................ ... ... ...
Colorectal................................ ... ... ...
Prostate.................................. ... ... ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 8 8 8
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 6 6 6
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 9 9 10
Diabetes mellitus........................... 10 10 11
Accidents and adverse effects............... 3 3 3
Motor vehicle accidents................... ... ... ...
Suicide..................................... 13 14 14
Homicide and legal intervention............. 5 5 5
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 9
White female
All causes.................................. ... ... ...
Diseases of heart........................... 1 1 1
Ischemic heart disease.................... ... ... ...
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 3 3 3
Malignant neoplasms......................... 2 2 2
Respiratory system........................ ... ... ...
Colorectal................................ ... ... ...
Breast.................................... ... ... ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 5 5 5
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 4 4 4
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 10 11 11
Diabetes mellitus........................... 7 7 7
Accidents and adverse effects............... 6 6 6
Motor vehicle accidents................... ... ... ...
Suicide..................................... 12 12 12
Homicide and legal intervention............. 17 17 16
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 24
Black female
All causes.................................. ... ... ...
Diseases of heart........................... 1 1 1
Ischemic heart disease.................... ... ... ...
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 3 3 3
Malignant neoplasms......................... 2 2 2
Respiratory system........................ ... ... ...
Colorectal................................ ... ... ...
Breast.................................... ... ... ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 11 11 11
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 7 6 6
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 12 12 12
Diabetes mellitus........................... 4 4 4
Accidents and adverse effects............... 5 5 5
Motor vehicle accidents................... ... ... ...
Suicide..................................... 19 19 19
Homicide and legal intervention............. 9 9 10
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- 16
1/Male only.
2/Female only.
3/Estimates.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based on
the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision,
described in Appendix II, table V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, for data years 1985-87.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office;
Data computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Yrs potential life lost <age 65:some cause:sex/race:U.S'80,85-87
Table 25. Years of potential life lost before age 65 for selected causes of
death, according to sex and race: United States, 1980 and 1985-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Years lost in thousands
Sex, race, and cause of death 1980 1985 1986 1987
All races
All causes............................ 12,896 11,859 12,093 12,074
Diseases of heart........................... 1,691 1,577 1,557 1,520
Ischemic heart disease.................... 1,094 940 892 857
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 283 251 246 248
Malignant neoplasms......................... 1,824 1,834 1,832 1,817
Respiratory system........................ 426 435 431 437
Colorectal................................ 138 136 133 138
Prostate1/................................ 17 18 18 17
Breast2/.................................. 212 224 228 229
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 115 128 129 132
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 196 170 175 172
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 292 238 232 235
Diabetes mellitus........................... 113 115 121 123
Accidents and adverse effects............... 2,760 2,279 2,358 2,306
Motor vehicle accidents................... 1,690 1,385 1,456 1,442
Suicide..................................... 621 657 680 671
Homicide and legal intervention............. 751 611 680 656
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 363
White male
All causes............................ 6,520 5,916 6,016 5,924
Diseases of heart........................... 1,010 914 892 864
Ischemic heart disease.................... 745 625 591 562
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 105 92 89 90
Malignant neoplasms......................... 801 784 783 769
Respiratory system........................ 245 236 233 235
Colorectal................................ 63 63 61 63
Prostate.................................. 13 13 14 14
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 55 56 57 57
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 76 69 72 69
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 143 121 119 122
Diabetes mellitus........................... 45 48 50 53
Accidents and adverse effects............... 1,774 1,420 1,464 1,408
Motor vehicle accidents................... 1,115 870 918 893
Suicide..................................... 436 468 487 476
Homicide and legal intervention............. 313 243 260 237
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 227
Black male
All causes............................ 1,688 1,597 1,697 1,756
Diseases of heart........................... 195 197 199 196
Ischemic heart disease.................... 94 86 82 80
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 41 37 38 37
Malignant neoplasms......................... 138 144 143 142
Respiratory system........................ 47 49 48 47
Colorectal................................ 9 10 10 11
Prostate.................................. 4 4 4 4
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 13 14 15 16
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 37 32 32 34
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 46 39 36 38
Diabetes mellitus........................... 12 13 14 14
Accidents and adverse effects............... 271 238 253 257
Motor vehicle accidents................... 120 113 124 122
Suicide..................................... 38 42 43 46
Homicide and legal intervention............. 267 213 250 249
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 93
White female
All causes............................ 3,425 3,117 3,109 3,090
Diseases of heart........................... 345 325 321 317
Ischemic heart disease.................... 196 172 164 161
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 96 82 80 80
Malignant neoplasms......................... 738 745 737 734
Respiratory system........................ 114 128 126 129
Colorectal................................ 55 51 50 50
Breast.................................... 182 189 189 189
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 37 46 45 47
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 55 46 46 44
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 68 52 50 48
Diabetes mellitus........................... 39 38 41 40
Accidents and adverse effects............... 557 469 479 482
Motor vehicle accidents................... 376 320 329 340
Suicide..................................... 125 121 124 122
Homicide and legal intervention............. 94 86 91 89
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 17
Black female
All causes............................ 1,015 951 983 1,010
Diseases of heart........................... 120 117 120 116
Ischemic heart disease.................... 49 44 43 41
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 37 34 33 34
Malignant neoplasms......................... 124 128 135 136
Respiratory system........................ 17 19 19 20
Colorectal................................ 9 10 10 10
Breast.................................... 27 32 36 37
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 8 10 10 11
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 24 19 21 20
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 27 20 19 20
Diabetes mellitus........................... 14 14 15 14
Accidents and adverse effects............... 92 84 90 89
Motor vehicle accidents................... 38 39 41 43
Suicide..................................... 9 8 9 9
Homicide and legal intervention............. 63 55 62 65
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 24
Years lost per 1,000 population
under 65 years of age
Sex, race, and cause of death 1980 1985 1986 1987
All races
All causes............................ 64.2 56.4 57.1 56.5
Diseases of heart........................... 8.4 7.5 7.3 7.1
Ischemic heart disease.................... 5.4 4.5 4.2 4.0
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2
Malignant neoplasms......................... 9.1 8.7 8.6 8.5
Respiratory system........................ 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0
Colorectal................................ 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6
Prostate1/................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Breast2/.................................. 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1
Diabetes mellitus........................... 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6
Accidents and adverse effects............... 13.7 10.8 11.1 10.8
Motor vehicle accidents................... 8.4 6.6 6.9 6.8
Suicide..................................... 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1
Homicide and legal intervention............. 3.7 2.9 3.2 3.1
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 1.7
White male
All causes............................ 76.1 66.8 67.5 66.1
Diseases of heart........................... 11.8 10.3 10.0 9.6
Ischemic heart disease.................... 8.7 7.1 6.6 6.3
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0
Malignant neoplasms......................... 9.4 8.8 8.8 8.6
Respiratory system........................ 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6
Colorectal................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Prostate.................................. 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4
Diabetes mellitus........................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Accidents and adverse effects............... 20.7 16.0 16.4 15.7
Motor vehicle accidents................... 13.0 9.8 10.3 10.0
Suicide..................................... 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.3
Homicide and legal intervention............. 3.7 2.7 2.9 2.6
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 2.5
Black male
All causes............................ 143.8 125.4 131.2 133.8
Diseases of heart........................... 16.6 15.4 15.4 14.9
Ischemic heart disease.................... 8.0 6.8 6.3 6.1
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.8
Malignant neoplasms......................... 11.7 11.3 11.1 10.8
Respiratory system........................ 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6
Colorectal................................ 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Prostate.................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 3.2 2.5 2.5 2.6
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.9
Diabetes mellitus........................... 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1
Accidents and adverse effects............... 23.1 18.7 19.6 19.6
Motor vehicle accidents................... 10.2 8.8 9.6 9.3
Suicide..................................... 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5
Homicide and legal intervention............. 22.8 16.7 19.3 19.0
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 7.1
White female
All causes............................ 39.8 35.3 35.0 34.6
Diseases of heart........................... 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5
Ischemic heart disease.................... 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.8
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9
Malignant neoplasms......................... 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.2
Respiratory system........................ 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
Colorectal................................ 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Breast.................................... 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5
Diabetes mellitus........................... 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4
Accidents and adverse effects............... 6.5 5.3 5.4 5.4
Motor vehicle accidents................... 4.4 3.6 3.7 3.8
Suicide..................................... 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4
Homicide and legal intervention............. 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 0.2
Black female
All causes............................ 79.3 69.0 70.3 71.3
Diseases of heart........................... 9.4 8.5 8.6 8.2
Ischemic heart disease.................... 3.8 3.2 3.1 2.9
Cerebrovascular diseases.................... 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.4
Malignant neoplasms......................... 9.7 9.3 9.7 9.6
Respiratory system........................ 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
Colorectal................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Breast.................................... 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.6
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases...... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8
Pneumonia and influenza..................... 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.4
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis......... 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.4
Diabetes mellitus........................... 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0
Accidents and adverse effects............... 7.2 6.1 6.4 6.3
Motor vehicle accidents................... 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0
Suicide..................................... 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7
Homicide and legal intervention............. 4.9 4.0 4.4 4.6
Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... --- --- --- 1.7
1/Male only.
2/Female only.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based on
the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, described
in Appendix II, table V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, for data years 1980-87.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office;
Data computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Death rate diseases of heart by sex/race/age:U.S. 1950-87
Table 26. Death rates for diseases of heart, according to sex, race,
and age: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 307.2 286.2 253.6 202.0 195.0 190.5
All ages, crude........ 355.5 369.0 362.0 336.0 328.7 326.0
Under 1 year............. 3.5 6.6 13.1 22.8 21.3 21.1
1-4 years................ 1.3 1.3 1.7 2.6 2.5 2.3
5-14 years............... 2.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1
15-24 years.............. 6.8 4.0 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7
25-34 years.............. 19.4 15.6 11.4 8.3 8.4 8.2
35-44 years.............. 86.4 74.6 66.7 44.6 43.2 40.7
45-54 years.............. 308.6 271.8 238.4 180.2 177.7 169.4
55-64 years.............. 808.1 737.9 652.3 494.1 481.5 468.7
65-74 years..............1,839.8 1,740.5 1,558.2 1,218.6 1,175.8 1,156.4
75-84 years..............4,310.1 4,089.4 3,683.8 2,993.1 2,850.3 2,801.4
85 years and over........9,150.6 9,317.8 7,891.3 7,777.1 7,458.8 7,341.8
White male
All ages, age adjusted. 381.1 375.4 347.6 277.5 268.8 262.1
All ages, crude........ 433.0 454.6 438.3 384.0 375.8 371.0
Under 1 year............. 4.1 6.9 12.0 22.5 20.0 22.3
1-4 years................ 1.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.1
5-14 years............... 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9
15-24 years.............. 5.8 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.8
25-34 years.............. 20.1 17.6 12.3 9.1 9.4 9.5
35-44 years.............. 110.6 107.5 94.6 61.8 60.6 57.2
45-54 years.............. 423.6 413.2 365.7 269.8 265.6 253.8
55-64 years..............1,081.7 1,056.0 979.3 730.6 708.7 689.9
65-74 years..............2,308.3 2,297.9 2,177.2 1,729.7 1,669.9 1,636.2
75-84 years..............4,907.3 4,839.9 4,617.6 3,883.2 3,751.5 3,674.7
85 years and over........9,950.5 10,135.8 8,818.0 8,958.0 8,596.0 8,442.2
Black male
All ages, age adjusted. 415.5 381.2 375.9 327.3 316.7 309.4
All ages, crude........ 348.4 330.6 330.3 301.0 289.7 282.3
Under 1 year............. --- 13.9 33.5 42.8 35.6 34.4
1-4 years................ --- 3.8 3.9 6.3 4.4 4.3
5-14 years............... 6.4 3.0 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5
15-24 years.............. 18.0 8.7 8.3 8.3 6.7 6.0
25-34 years.............. 51.9 43.1 41.6 30.3 29.3 26.6
35-44 years.............. 198.1 168.1 189.2 136.6 129.3 119.4
45-54 years.............. 624.1 514.0 512.8 433.4 426.1 406.4
55-64 years..............1,434.0 1,236.8 1,135.4 987.2 981.5 950.4
65-74 years..............2,140.1 2,281.4 2,237.8 1,847.2 1,812.7 1,822.5
75-84 years.............. --- 3,533.6 3,783.4 3,578.8 3,302.5 3,245.9
85 years and over........ --- 6,037.9 5,367.6 6,819.5 6,394.5 6,378.6
White female
All ages, age adjusted. 223.6 197.1 167.8 134.6 129.8 127.4
All ages, crude........ 289.4 306.5 313.8 319.2 314.6 315.8
Under 1 year............. 2.7 4.3 7.0 15.7 18.0 14.8
1-4 years................ 1.1 0.9 1.2 2.1 2.2 1.7
5-14 years............... 1.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0
15-24 years.............. 5.3 2.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7
25-34 years.............. 12.2 8.2 5.5 3.9 4.2 3.8
35-44 years.............. 40.5 28.6 23.9 16.4 16.2 15.6
45-54 years.............. 141.9 103.4 91.4 71.2 71.2 66.6
55-64 years.............. 460.2 383.0 317.7 48.1 243.7 237.9
65-74 years..............1,400.9 1,229.8 1,044.0 796.7 769.4 759.6
75-84 years..............3,925.2 3,629.7 3,143.5 2,493.6 2,359.0 2,331.7
85 years and over........9,084.7 9,280.8 7,839.9 7,501.6 7,215.1 7,118.6
Black female
All ages, age adjusted. 349.5 292.6 251.7 201.1 191.2 186.3
All ages, crude........ 289.9 268.5 261.0 249.7 241.1 237.0
Under 1 year............. --- 12.0 31.3 43.6 29.2 30.0
1-4 years................ --- 2.8 4.2 4.4 4.0 3.9
5-14 years............... 8.8 3.0 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.7
15-24 years.............. 19.8 10.0 6.0 4.6 4.2 4.3
25-34 years.............. 52.0 35.9 24.7 15.7 13.7 13.3
35-44 years.............. 185.0 125.3 99.8 61.7 56.0 53.4
45-54 years.............. 526.8 360.7 290.9 202.4 197.8 192.2
55-64 years..............1,210.7 952.3 710.5 530.1 517.2 501.9
65-74 years..............1,659.4 1,680.5 1,553.2 1,210.3 1,152.3 1,124.3
75-84 years.............. --- 2,926.9 2,964.1 2,707.2 2,509.4 2,445.0
85 years and over........ --- 5,650.0 5,003.8 5,796.5 5,583.9 5,491.3
Sex, race, and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 188.8 183.6 180.5 175.0 169.6
All ages, crude........ 329.2 323.5 323.0 317.5 312.4
Under 1 year............. 26.0 26.1 24.5 26.1 25.2
1-4 years................ 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.2
5-14 years............... 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9
15-24 years.............. 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8
25-34 years.............. 8.3 8.0 8.2 8.6 8.4
35-44 years.............. 39.3 38.7 38.0 37.5 35.6
45-54 years.............. 164.7 156.7 152.9 144.6 140.5
55-64 years.............. 463.0 450.3 439.1 424.2 408.8
65-74 years..............1,139.2 1,102.7 1,080.6 1,043.0 1,007.9
75-84 years..............2,816.3 2,748.6 2,712.6 2,637.5 2,560.0
85 years and over........7,335.5 7,251.0 7,275.0 7,178.7 7,074.2
White male
All ages, age adjusted. 257.8 249.5 244.5 234.8 225.9
All ages, crude........ 370.9 361.8 358.9 348.6 340.1
Under 1 year............. 24.1 24.6 23.8 26.0 24.8
1-4 years................ 2.2 2.2 1.7 2.1 1.8
5-14 years............... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9
15-24 years.............. 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0
25-34 years.............. 9.6 9.2 9.2 9.5 9.3
35-44 years.............. 55.3 54.0 52.4 51.7 48.7
45-54 years.............. 243.0 31.2 224.4 208.8 201.6
55-64 years.............. 674.1 655.5 635.6 610.3 582.7
65-74 years..............1,603.6 1,533.0 1,501.0 1,440.9 1,378.0
75-84 years..............3,664.3 3,579.3 3,532.9 3,405.2 3,291.0
85 years and over........8,503.4 8,416.4 8,396.3 8,138.4 8,030.6
Black male
All ages, age adjusted. 308.2 300.1 301.0 294.3 287.1
All ages, crude........ 288.5 282.2 285.0 281.3 276.1
Under 1 year............. 54.5 48.4 46.7 49.8 45.7
1-4 years................ 5.1 4.4 4.4 5.3 5.1
5-14 years............... 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6
15-24 years.............. 6.6 6.7 7.2 6.7 6.9
25-34 years.............. 27.5 27.5 29.1 29.3 26.9
35-44 years.............. 115.9 121.1 122.0 123.6 118.8
45-54 years.............. 398.2 384.6 382.4 365.1 362.8
55-64 years.............. 928.0 895.9 882.6 864.9 814.7
65-74 years..............1,804.5 1,734.7 1,738.4 1,673.1 1,659.7
75-84 years..............3,457.5 3,375.7 3,450.0 3,407.3 3,371.6
85 years and over........5,907.9 6,015.9 6,098.5 6,268.7 6,050.7
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted. 126.7 124.0 121.7 119.0 116.3
All ages, crude........ 321.5 319.3 320.7 319.0 317.1
Under 1 year............. 19.3 20.3 18.3 19.1 19.4
1-4 years................ 2.1 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.7
5-14 years............... 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7
15-24 years.............. 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7
25-34 years.............. 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.1
35-44 years.............. 14.5 14.1 14.3 13.8 13.1
45-54 years.............. 67.4 63.1 62.1 9.8 58.8
55-64 years.............. 237.5 231.6 225.8 221.4 217.1
65-74 years.............. 745.6 735.3 713.7 693.9 675.1
75-84 years..............2,332.4 2,273.1 2,233.3 2,180.2 2,120.7
85 years and over........7,133.7 7,044.7 7,089.3 7,021.3 6,924.6
Black female
All ages, age adjusted. 191.5 186.6 186.8 185.1 180.8
All ages, crude........ 248.1 244.6 248.1 250.8 248.3
Under 1 year............. 45.6 45.1 39.5 42.8 36.4
1-4 years................ 3.6 4.3 5.2 4.8 4.4
5-14 years............... 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4
15-24 years.............. 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.4
25-34 years.............. 13.6 12.5 13.1 15.3 14.8
35-44 years.............. 53.0 52.8 50.4 50.1 46.5
45-54 years.............. 182.8 174.1 172.6 172.5 165.7
55-64 years.............. 517.7 499.6 500.4 479.0 469.9
65-74 years..............1,159.8 1,127.1 1,133.6 1,108.3 1,090.2
75-84 years..............2,660.1 2,618.9 2,606.0 2,623.5 2,566.3
85 years and over........5,298.4 5,315.0 5,441.0 5,698.6 5,627.6
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based on
the then current International Classification of Diseases, which are
described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data computed
by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the Division of
Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Death rate cerebrovascular disease by sex/race/age:U.S. 1950-87
Table 27. Death rates for cerebrovascular diseases, according to sex, race,
and age: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 88.6 79.7 66.3 40.8 38.1 35.8
All ages, crude........ 104.0 108.0 101.9 75.1 71.3 68.0
Under 1 year............. 5.1 4.1 5.0 4.4 3.7 3.7
1-4 years................ 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.3
5-14 years............... 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3
15-24 years.............. 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.7
25-34 years.............. 4.2 4.7 4.5 2.6 2.6 2.4
35-44 years.............. 18.7 14.7 15.6 8.5 8.4 7.7
45-54 years.............. 70.4 49.2 41.6 25.2 24.9 23.7
55-64 years.............. 195.3 147.3 115.8 65.2 62.9 58.9
65-74 years.............. 549.7 469.2 384.1 219.5 206.3 193.5
75-84 years..............1,499.6 1,491.3 1,254.2 788.6 715.6 675.1
85 years and over........2,990.1 3,680.5 3,014.3 2,288.9 2,126.8 2,000.8
White male
All ages, age adjusted. 87.0 80.3 68.8 41.9 38.9 36.6
All ages, crude........ 100.5 102.7 93.5 63.3 59.4 56.7
Under 1 year............. 5.9 4.3 4.5 3.8 3.5 3.6
1-4 years................ 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.3
5-14 years............... 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.3
15-24 years.............. 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.7
25-34 years.............. 3.4 3.5 3.2 2.0 2.1 2.0
35-44 years.............. 13.1 11.3 11.8 6.5 6.4 5.6
45-54 years.............. 53.7 40.9 35.6 21.7 20.5 20.2
55-64 years.............. 182.2 139.0 119.9 64.2 61.6 57.3
65-74 years.............. 569.7 501.0 420.0 240.4 225.3 211.5
75-84 years..............1,556.3 1,564.8 1,361.6 854.8 775.6 727.3
85 years and over........3,127.1 3,734.8 3,018.1 2,236.9 2,051.4 1,944.7
Black male
All ages, age adjusted. 146.2 141.2 122.5 77.5 72.7 68.9
All ages, crude........ 122.0 122.9 108.8 73.1 68.2 64.3
Under 1 year............. --- 8.5 12.3 11.2 9.1 7.7
1-4 years................ --- 1.9 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.6
5-14 years............... 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.5
15-24 years.............. 3.3 3.7 3.0 2.1 1.5 1.2
25-34 years.............. 12.0 12.8 14.6 7.7 7.2 6.3
35-44 years.............. 59.3 47.4 52.7 29.2 29.2 27.8
45-54 years.............. 211.9 166.1 136.1 82.1 84.2 76.6
55-64 years.............. 522.8 439.9 343.4 189.8 182.3 174.3
65-74 years.............. 783.6 899.2 780.1 472.8 437.0 428.1
75-84 years.............. --- 1,475.2 1,445.7 1,067.6 943.9 881.7
85 years and over........ --- 2,700.0 1,963.1 1,873.2 1,787.3 1,637.5
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted. 79.7 68.7 56.2 35.2 33.1 31.0
All ages, crude........ 103.3 110.1 109.8 88.8 85.1 81.7
Under 1 year............. 2.9 2.6 3.2 3.3 2.3 2.1
1-4 years................ 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2
5-14 years............... 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2
15-24 years.............. 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.6
25-34 years.............. 2.9 3.4 3.4 2.0 2.0 1.7
35-44 years.............. 13.6 10.1 11.5 6.7 6.7 5.9
45-54 years.............. 55.0 33.8 30.5 18.7 18.8 17.8
55-64 years.............. 156.9 103.0 78.1 48.7 47.7 44.0
65-74 years.............. 498.1 383.3 303.2 172.8 163.6 154.2
75-84 years..............1,471.3 1,444.7 1,176.8 730.3 665.4 628.9
85 years and over........3,017.9 3,795.7 3,167.6 2,367.8 2,206.0 2,074.5
Black female
All ages, age adjusted. 155.6 139.5 107.9 61.7 58.1 54.7
All ages, crude........ 128.3 127.7 112.2 77.9 74.4 70.6
Under 1 year............. --- 6.7 9.1 6.4 6.2 6.5
1-4 years................ --- 1.3 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.6
5-14 years............... 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3
15-24 years.............. 4.2 3.4 3.0 1.7 1.6 1.4
25-34 years.............. 15.9 17.4 14.3 7.0 6.6 6.5
35-44 years.............. 75.0 57.4 49.1 21.6 21.0 21.1
45-54 years.............. 248.9 166.2 119.4 61.9 59.9 56.7
55-64 years.............. 567.7 452.0 272.4 138.7 129.8 127.5
65-74 years.............. 754.4 830.5 673.5 362.2 345.1 305.3
75-84 years.............. --- 1,413.1 1,338.3 918.6 828.3 800.8
85 years and over........ --- 2,578.9 2,210.5 1,896.3 1,832.1 1,689.6
Sex, race, and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 34.4 33.4 32.3 31.0 30.3
All ages, crude........ 66.5 65.3 64.1 62.1 61.6
Under 1 year............. 3.9 3.0 3.6 2.9 3.4
1-4 years................ 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4
5-14 years............... 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
15-24 years.............. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6
25-34 years.............. 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2
35-44 years.............. 7.3 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.0
45-54 years.............. 22.8 22.6 21.1 20.4 20.1
55-64 years.............. 57.6 55.8 54.3 53.0 52.2
65-74 years.............. 182.2 177.0 171.3 164.1 157.2
75-84 years.............. 652.7 626.2 605.8 573.8 562.6
85 years and over........1,912.5 1,883.8 1,837.5 1,762.6 1,733.1
White male
All ages, age adjusted. 35.2 33.9 32.8 31.1 30.3
All ages, crude........ 55.5 53.8 52.5 50.5 49.9
Under 1 year............. 4.0 2.6 3.7 2.5 3.6
1-4 years................ 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5
5-14 years............... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
15-24 years.............. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6
25-34 years.............. 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
35-44 years.............. 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.7 5.4
45-54 years.............. 19.1 19.3 18.0 16.5 16.7
55-64 years.............. 56.5 54.3 54.2 51.4 50.7
65-74 years.............. 197.1 190.4 183.7 171.4 165.4
75-84 years.............. 714.8 671.1 651.1 617.3 601.2
85 years and over........1,862.9 1,846.4 1,747.8 1,697.0 1,663.1
Black male
All ages, age adjusted. 64.2 62.8 60.8 58.9 57.1
All ages, crude........ 61.3 60.0 58.5 57.1 55.7
Under 1 year............. 7.5 8.2 9.8 8.0 5.9
1-4 years................ 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5
5-14 years............... 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3
15-24 years.............. 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9
25-34 years.............. 5.9 5.7 5.7 6.1 5.4
35-44 years.............. 24.3 26.0 25.9 27.2 27.1
45-54 years.............. 74.1 72.9 70.6 68.2 67.5
55-64 years.............. 163.8 159.0 151.6 144.3 143.9
65-74 years.............. 388.0 379.8 358.9 337.8 318.5
75-84 years.............. 844.1 819.5 817.6 809.9 777.6
85 years and over........1,479.4 1,395.2 1,363.1 1,350.7 1,339.1
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted. 29.6 28.9 27.9 27.1 26.3
All ages, crude........ 79.8 79.2 78.1 76.2 75.8
Under 1 year............. 2.5 2.6 2.2 1.8 2.0
1-4 years................ 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3
5-14 years............... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
15-24 years.............. 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6
25-34 years.............. 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7
35-44 years.............. 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.1
45-54 years.............. 16.9 17.0 15.4 15.5 14.5
55-64 years.............. 42.6 42.0 39.7 40.1 38.7
65-74 years.............. 144.6 140.9 138.0 136.3 129.3
75-84 years.............. 602.0 580.9 559.4 530.7 524.0
85 years and over........1,986.5 1,962.5 1,923.0 1,837.3 1,807.8
Black female
All ages, age adjusted. 53.8 51.8 50.3 47.6 46.7
All ages, crude........ 70.5 68.5 68.0 65.0 64.3
Under 1 year............. 7.3 3.3 5.3 5.3 7.8
1-4 years................ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
5-14 years............... 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2
15-24 years.............. 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.1
25-34 years.............. 5.1 6.1 5.6 6.0 5.8
35-44 years.............. 20.1 19.2 19.3 18.5 17.5
45-54 years.............. 55.7 50.3 49.8 46.4 47.2
55-64 years.............. 126.0 112.6 111.3 109.4 108.7
65-74 years.............. 308.4 304.6 281.5 268.5 261.2
75-84 years.............. 786.7 803.4 775.4 710.7 685.7
85 years and over........1,603.1 1,470.7 1,585.6 1,504.1 1,480.9
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based
on the then current International Classification of Diseases, which
are described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data computed
by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the Division
of Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Death rate malignant neoplasm by sex/race/age:U.S. 1950-87
Table 28. Death rates for malignant neoplasms, according to sex, race, and
age: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 125.3 125.8 129.8 132.8 131.6 132.5
All ages, crude........ 139.8 149.2 162.8 183.9 184.0 187.2
Under 1 year............. 8.7 7.2 4.7 3.2 2.5 3.7
1-4 years................ 11.7 10.9 7.5 4.5 4.9 4.6
5-14 years............... 6.7 6.8 6.0 4.3 4.1 4.1
15-24 years.............. 8.6 8.3 8.3 6.3 5.7 5.9
25-34 years.............. 20.0 19.5 16.5 13.7 13.0 13.2
35-44 years.............. 62.7 59.7 59.5 48.6 47.2 46.2
45-54 years.............. 175.1 177.0 182.5 180.0 178.1 176.0
55-64 years.............. 392.9 396.8 423.0 436.1 434.8 439.7
65-74 years.............. 692.5 713.9 751.2 817.9 814.8 824.9
75-84 years..............1,153.3 1,127.4 1,169.2 1,232.3 1,221.8 1,238.7
85 years and over........1,451.0 1,450.0 1,320.7 1,594.6 1,575.3 1,598.6
White male
All ages, age adjusted. 130.9 141.6 154.3 160.5 158.3 159.4
All ages, crude........ 147.2 166.1 185.1 208.7 207.9 211.7
Under 1 year............. 9.6 7.9 4.3 3.5 2.5 3.5
1-4 years................ 13.1 13.1 8.5 5.4 5.5 5.2
5-14 years............... 7.6 8.0 7.0 5.2 4.6 4.9
15-24 years.............. 9.9 10.3 10.6 7.8 6.8 6.8
25-34 years.............. 17.7 18.8 16.2 13.6 12.6 12.8
35-44 years.............. 44.5 46.3 50.1 41.1 39.7 39.3
45-54 years.............. 150.8 164.1 172.0 175.4 173.8 170.9
55-64 years.............. 409.4 450.9 498.1 497.4 494.4 497.3
65-74 years.............. 798.7 887.3 997.0 1,070.7 1,060.3 1,067.8
75-84 years..............1,367.6 1,413.7 1,592.7 1,779.7 1,749.5 1,790.0
85 years and over........1,732.7 1,791.4 1,772.2 2,375.6 2,358.7 2,413.4
Black male
All ages, age adjusted. 126.1 158.5 198.0 229.9 232.0 235.2
All ages, crude........ 106.6 136.7 171.6 205.5 206.3 208.2
Under 1 year............. --- 6.8 5.3 4.5 2.7 2.3
1-4 years................ --- 7.9 7.6 5.1 4.5 4.0
5-14 years............... 5.8 4.4 4.8 3.7 4.7 4.5
15-24 years.............. 7.9 9.7 9.4 8.1 7.0 6.9
25-34 years.............. 18.0 18.4 18.8 14.1 14.1 14.8
35-44 years.............. 55.7 72.9 81.3 73.8 75.8 70.6
45-54 years.............. 211.7 244.7 311.2 333.0 332.2 333.1
55-64 years.............. 490.8 579.7 689.2 812.5 814.8 838.2
65-74 years.............. 636.4 938.5 1,168.9 1,417.2 1,462.1 1,477.3
75-84 years.............. --- 1,053.3 1,624.8 2,029.6 2,010.5 2,048.4
85 years and over........ --- 1,155.2 1,387.0 2,393.9 2,383.6 2,566.1
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted. 119.4 109.5 107.6 107.7 107.2 108.2
All ages, crude........ 139.9 139.8 149.4 170.3 172.0 175.6
Under 1 year............. 7.8 6.8 5.4 2.7 2.6 3.5
1-4 years................ 11.3 9.7 6.9 3.6 4.5 4.3
5-14 years............... 6.3 6.2 5.4 3.7 3.5 3.5
15-24 years.............. 7.5 6.5 6.2 4.7 4.5 4.9
25-34 years.............. 20.9 18.8 16.3 13.5 12.9 12.9
35-44 years.............. 74.5 66.6 62.4 50.9 48.6 48.5
45-54 years.............. 185.8 175.7 177.3 166.4 165.5 163.5
55-64 years.............. 362.5 329.0 338.6 355.5 356.3 361.5
65-74 years.............. 616.5 562.1 554.7 605.2 605.7 618.4
75-84 years..............1,026.6 939.3 903.5 905.4 907.8 913.0
85 years and over........1,348.3 1,304.9 1,126.6 1,266.8 1,257.2 1,270.6
Black female
All ages, age adjusted. 131.9 127.8 123.5 129.7 127.1 128.7
All ages, crude........ 111.8 113.8 117.3 136.5 135.2 137.9
Under 1 year............. --- 6.7 3.3 3.0 0.7 3.1
1-4 years................ --- 6.9 5.7 3.9 4.5 4.2
5-14 years............... 3.9 4.8 4.0 3.4 4.0 3.5
15-24 years.............. 8.8 6.9 6.4 5.7 4.6 5.4
25-34 years.............. 34.3 31.0 20.9 18.3 17.4 17.9
35-44 years.............. 119.8 102.4 94.6 73.5 73.7 69.4
45-54 years.............. 277.0 254.8 228.6 230.2 217.4 216.7
55-64 years.............. 484.6 442.7 404.8 450.4 446.4 455.4
65-74 years.............. 477.3 541.6 615.8 662.4 656.2 674.9
75-84 years.............. --- 696.3 763.3 923.9 916.2 944.3
85 years and over........ --- 728.9 791.5 1,159.9 1,133.9 1,129.6
Sex, race, and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 132.6 133.5 133.6 133.2 132.9
All ages, crude........ 189.3 191.8 193.3 194.7 195.9
Under 1 year............. 3.6 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.7
1-4 years................ 4.7 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8
5-14 years............... 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3
15-24 years.............. 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.1
25-34 years.............. 12.8 13.0 13.1 13.1 12.4
35-44 years.............. 45.6 46.6 45.7 45.3 43.5
45-54 years.............. 172.2 170.5 169.1 165.7 164.3
55-64 years.............. 443.0 448.4 450.5 444.4 447.0
65-74 years.............. 829.3 835.1 838.3 847.0 843.6
75-84 years..............1,254.7 1,272.3 1,281.0 1,287.3 1,298.4
85 years and over........1,583.4 1,604.0 1,591.5 1,612.0 1,618.0
White male
All ages, age adjusted. 158.9 159.0 159.2 158.8 158.4
All ages, crude........ 213.8 215.1 217.2 218.8 220.5
Under 1 year............. 3.5 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.7
1-4 years................ 5.3 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.1
5-14 years............... 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.1
15-24 years.............. 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.0
25-34 years.............. 12.6 12.5 13.0 13.5 11.9
35-44 years.............. 38.3 38.5 39.5 37.7 36.7
45-54 years.............. 166.7 164.0 161.2 158.5 157.1
55-64 years.............. 499.5 504.5 508.4 504.3 509.8
65-74 years..............1,063.7 1,064.1 1,061.2 1,063.3 1,061.1
75-84 years..............1,805.3 1,806.9 1,820.1 1,827.0 1,826.6
85 years and over........2,416.3 2,438.6 2,424.5 2,462.3 2,475.5
Black male
All ages, age adjusted. 232.2 234.9 231.6 229.0 227.9
All ages, crude........ 210.5 214.0 212.2 211.4 212.2
Under 1 year............. 3.9 3.2 2.4 1.7 2.1
1-4 years................ 4.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 4.3
5-14 years............... 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.8 2.7
15-24 years.............. 5.6 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.5
25-34 years.............. 14.7 15.8 14.7 14.2 14.3
35-44 years.............. 70.7 74.4 71.2 71.4 64.9
45-54 years.............. 315.5 314.1 313.6 303.6 296.7
55-64 years.............. 821.6 841.7 803.3 776.0 767.3
65-74 years..............1,457.4 1,444.9 1,448.7 1,455.1 1,453.6
75-84 years..............2,196.8 2,226.3 2,238.3 2,249.2 2,329.5
85 years and over........2,219.0 2,471.4 2,507.7 2,620.9 2,659.4
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted. 108.5 109.9 110.3 110.1 109.7
All ages, crude........ 177.9 181.7 183.7 185.6 186.9
Under 1 year............. 3.5 2.9 3.0 2.4 3.0
1-4 years................ 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.6
5-14 years............... 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.8
15-24 years.............. 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.9
25-34 years.............. 12.3 12.8 12.6 12.1 12.3
35-44 years.............. 48.0 49.0 47.0 47.4 45.1
45-54 years.............. 160.0 160.0 160.6 155.6 154.9
55-64 years.............. 366.8 370.0 374.1 369.4 370.1
65-74 years.............. 627.4 638.6 645.3 658.7 654.0
75-84 years.............. 919.5 944.2 949.2 956.4 968.6
85 years and over........1,265.7 1,284.3 1,270.9 1,283.6 1,291.0
Black female
All ages, age adjusted. 129.8 131.0 130.4 132.1 132.0
All ages, crude........ 140.7 142.9 143.9 146.7 147.8
Under 1 year............. 3.3 2.5 4.3 2.8 1.8
1-4 years................ 3.1 3.1 2.5 4.3 2.6
5-14 years............... 3.6 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.0
15-24 years.............. 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.7 5.3
25-34 years.............. 17.3 16.5 17.0 17.8 15.8
35-44 years.............. 68.9 74.3 69.5 72.2 72.9
45-54 years.............. 217.8 215.1 208.1 215.3 214.5
55-64 years.............. 452.9 462.2 465.4 451.6 457.3
65-74 years.............. 694.2 685.8 694.2 717.5 703.4
75-84 years.............. 972.4 1,013.7 1,014.6 1,017.9 1,045.5
85 years and over........1,132.6 1,154.9 1,228.8 1,254.5 1,256.6
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based
on the then current International Classification of Diseases, which
are described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data computed
by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the Division of
Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Death rate malig neoplasm-respiratory sys:sex/race/age:U.S'50-87
Table 29. Death rates for malignant neoplasms of respiratory system,
according to sex, race, and age: United States, selected years
1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 12.8 19.2 28.4 36.4 36.6 37.5
All ages, crude........ 14.1 22.2 34.2 47.9 48.5 50.2
Under 1 year................. 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
1-4 years.................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
5-14 years................... 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
15-24 years.................. 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
25-34 years.................. 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8
35-44 years.................. 5.1 7.3 11.6 9.6 9.5 8.8
45-54 years.................. 22.9 32.0 46.2 56.5 56.7 56.0
55-64 years.................. 55.2 81.5 116.2 144.3 145.9 150.8
65-74 years.................. 69.3 117.2 174.6 243.1 245.3 254.6
75-84 years.................. 69.3 102.9 175.1 251.4 252.6 263.5
85 years and over............ 64.0 79.1 113.5 184.5 187.7 196.0
White male
All ages, age adjusted. 21.6 34.6 49.9 58.0 57.8 58.5
All ages, crude........ 24.1 39.6 58.3 73.4 73.7 75.5
Under 1 year............... 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
1-4 years.................. 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
5-14 years................. 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
15-24 years................ 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
25-34 years................ 1.2 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9
35-44 years................ 7.9 10.4 15.4 11.2 11.1 10.1
45-54 years................ 39.1 53.0 67.6 74.3 74.6 72.4
55-64 years................ 95.9 149.8 199.3 215.0 212.8 216.8
65-74 years................ 119.4 225.1 344.8 418.4 415.1 424.1
75-84 years................ 109.1 191.9 360.7 516.1 515.8 534.1
85 years and over.......... 102.7 133.9 221.8 391.5 420.6 439.1
Black male
All ages, age adjusted. 16.9 36.6 60.8 82.0 84.1 85.8
All ages, crude........ 14.3 31.1 51.2 70.8 71.8 73.0
Under 1 year............... - 0.4 0.4 0.4 - 0.3
1-4 years.................. - 0.1 0.1 0.2 - -
5-14 years................. 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2
15-24 years................ 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3
25-34 years................ 2.1 2.6 2.9 1.9 1.1 1.4
35-44 years................ 9.4 20.7 32.6 26.9 26.0 22.0
45-54 years................ 41.1 75.0 123.5 142.8 146.0 143.5
55-64 years................ 78.8 161.8 250.3 340.3 356.0 367.6
65-74 years................ 65.2 184.6 322.2 499.4 518.7 540.6
75-84 years................ --- 126.3 290.6 499.6 486.2 505.7
85 years and over.......... --- 110.3 154.4 337.7 343.6 385.7
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted. 4.6 5.1 10.1 18.2 18.8 20.0
All ages, crude........ 5.4 6.4 13.1 26.5 27.6 29.7
Under 1 year............... - 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
1-4 years.................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
5-14 years................. 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
15-24 years................ 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
25-34 years................ 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6
35-44 years................ 2.2 3.4 6.0 6.8 6.3 6.3
45-54 years................ 6.5 9.8 22.1 33.9 33.6 35.3
55-64 years................ 15.5 16.7 39.3 74.2 78.3 83.9
65-74 years................ 27.2 26.5 45.4 108.1 114.1 123.6
75-84 years................ 40.0 36.5 56.8 99.3 102.7 110.2
85 years and over.......... 44.0 45.2 57.4 96.8 92.0 96.1
Black female
All ages, age adjusted. 4.1 5.5 10.9 19.5 20.1 20.4
All ages, crude........ 3.4 4.9 10.1 19.3 19.8 20.5
Under 1 year............... - - - 0.4 - 0.3
1-4 years.................. - 0.1 0.1 - - -
5-14 years................. - 0.1 - 0.0 - 0.0
15-24 years................ 0.3 - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
25-34 years................ 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.7
35-44 years................ 2.7 3.4 10.5 7.9 9.7 9.9
45-54 years................ 8.8 12.8 25.3 46.4 46.4 40.4
55-64 years................ 15.3 20.7 36.4 83.8 89.1 92.8
65-74 years................ 16.4 20.7 49.3 91.7 89.6 98.0
75-84 years................ --- 33.1 52.6 81.1 83.5 98.5
85 years and over.......... --- 44.7 47.6 90.5 86.6 88.7
Sex, race, and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 37.9 38.4 38.8 39.0 39.7
All ages, crude........ 51.3 52.3 53.3 54.1 55.5
Under 1 year................. 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1
1-4 years.................... 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
5-14 years................... 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
15-24 years.................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
25-34 years.................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8
35-44 years.................. 8.9 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.7
45-54 years.................. 54.6 53.9 52.8 51.7 51.6
55-64 years.................. 151.8 156.1 158.4 157.8 160.4
65-74 years.................. 258.7 262.7 268.0 271.7 278.1
75-84 years.................. 278.3 286.4 294.5 303.9 313.3
85 years and over............ 191.6 199.3 202.0 214.9 221.8
White male
All ages, age adjusted. 58.0 58.4 58.2 58.0 58.6
All ages, crude........ 75.9 76.8 77.3 77.8 79.1
Under 1 year............... 0.3 0.3 - 0.1 0.1
1-4 years.................. 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
5-14 years................. 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -
15-24 years................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
25-34 years................ 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9
35-44 years................ 10.0 9.1 9.4 8.5 8.5
45-54 years................ 68.7 67.8 65.2 63.7 63.5
55-64 years................ 215.2 220.0 221.7 221.3 223.7
65-74 years................ 420.7 421.3 419.1 417.0 422.9
75-84 years................ 550.1 556.5 562.6 570.7 572.9
85 years and over.......... 435.9 446.8 459.1 477.5 495.4
Black male
All ages, age adjusted. 83.3 85.9 84.4 83.9 84.2
All ages, crude........ 72.6 75.5 74.5 74.6 75.5
Under 1 year............... 0.4 1.1 0.3 - 0.7
1-4 years.................. 0.2 - - - -
5-14 years................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 - -
15-24 years................ 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
25-34 years................ 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.8
35-44 years................ 23.0 23.6 22.8 22.3 19.6
45-54 years................ 137.7 131.8 132.1 131.3 126.8
55-64 years................ 346.2 373.0 352.1 337.3 333.3
65-74 years................ 530.3 529.3 534.8 542.3 562.8
75-84 years................ 536.8 576.5 581.3 606.5 629.9
85 years and over.......... 309.5 423.8 390.8 456.7 459.4
::
White female
All ages, age adjusted. 21.0 21.6 22.6 23.1 23.8
All ages, crude........ 31.5 32.8 34.6 35.9 37.5
Under 1 year............... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1
1-4 years.................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.1
5-14 years................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15-24 years................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
25-34 years................ 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6
35-44 years................ 6.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.7
45-54 years................ 35.3 35.6 36.0 34.9 35.0
55-64 years................ 87.8 89.9 94.2 94.9 98.1
65-74 years................ 132.3 139.2 149.1 156.0 161.1
75-84 years................ 122.2 129.9 140.3 149.0 161.7
85 years and over.......... 96.7 102.5 102.1 113.8 117.6
Black female
All ages, age adjusted. 22.0 21.4 22.5 23.3 24.3
All ages, crude........ 22.3 21.9 23.3 24.3 25.4
Under 1 year............... - - 0.4 - -
1-4 years.................. 0.1 0.1 - - 0.1
5-14 years................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
15-24 years................ - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
25-34 years................ 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.4
35-44 years................ 8.7 7.7 7.7 8.6 8.9
45-54 years................ 45.4 42.4 40.7 42.8 43.9
55-64 years................ 97.2 98.4 105.6 102.4 107.0
65-74 years................ 110.6 106.1 118.9 130.9 136.5
75-84 years................ 108.5 112.3 108.6 123.5 129.9
85 years and over.......... 96.9 86.5 112.2 102.1 110.5
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based
on the then current International Classification of Diseases, which
are described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data
computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Death rate malignant neoplasm-female breast:race/age:U.s.'50-87
Table 30. Death rates for malignant neoplasm of breast for females, according
to race and age: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Race and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 22.2 22.3 23.1 22.7 22.7 22.8
All ages, crude........ 24.7 26.1 28.4 30.6 30.9 31.4
Under 25 years............... 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
25-34 years.................. 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.4
35-44 years.................. 20.8 20.2 20.4 17.9 17.4 17.3
45-54 years.................. 46.9 51.4 52.6 48.1 48.1 47.2
55-64 years.................. 70.4 70.8 77.6 80.5 79.1 80.2
65-74 years.................. 94.0 90.0 93.8 101.1 104.4 103.8
75-84 years..................139.8 129.9 127.4 126.4 126.6 130.9
85 years and over............195.5 191.9 157.1 169.3 171.9 178.1
White
All ages, age adjusted. 22.5 22.4 23.4 22.8 22.8 22.8
All ages, crude........ 25.7 27.2 29.9 32.3 32.7 33.1
Under 25 years............... 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25-34 years.................. 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.1 3.2
35-44 years.................. 20.8 19.7 20.2 17.3 16.8 17.0
45-54 years.................. 47.1 51.2 53.0 48.1 48.2 46.5
55-64 years.................. 70.9 71.8 79.3 81.3 79.9 80.8
65-74 years.................. 96.3 91.6 95.9 103.7 106.6 105.4
75-84 years..................143.6 132.8 129.6 128.4 128.8 133.0
85 years and over............204.2 199.7 161.9 171.7 174.0 181.9
Black
All ages, age adjusted. 19.3 21.3 21.5 23.3 23.7 24.6
All ages, crude........ 16.4 18.7 19.7 22.9 23.5 24.5
Under 25 years............... 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
25-34 years.................. 4.9 6.1 5.9 5.3 5.2 5.2
35-44 years.................. 21.0 24.8 24.4 24.1 23.7 22.3
45-54 years.................. 46.5 54.4 52.0 52.7 53.1 57.7
55-64 years.................. 64.3 63.2 64.7 79.9 79.4 83.0
65-74 years.................. 67.0 72.3 77.3 84.3 92.0 97.1
75-84 years.................. --- 87.5 101.8 114.1 112.6 122.0
85 years and over............ --- 92.1 112.1 149.9 158.0 145.2
Race and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 22.7 23.2 23.2 23.1 22.9
All ages, crude........ 31.6 32.5 32.7 32.8 32.8
Under 25 years............... 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25-34 years.................. 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.1
35-44 years.................. 16.6 18.5 17.5 18.3 17.5
45-54 years.................. 45.9 45.8 46.7 45.4 45.4
55-64 years.................. 81.9 82.0 83.6 80.9 80.7
65-74 years.................. 104.9 108.0 107.7 109.9 108.3
75-84 years.................. 130.9 136.2 137.7 136.2 137.8
85 years and over............ 175.1 180.0 175.9 180.0 176.5
White
All ages, age adjusted. 22.7 23.1 23.3 23.0 22.8
All ages, crude........ 33.3 34.2 34.6 34.6 34.5
Under 25 years............... 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25-34 years.................. 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.9
35-44 years.................. 16.0 17.4 16.7 17.3 16.4
45-54 years.................. 45.3 45.3 46.5 44.4 44.3
55-64 years.................. 82.8 82.2 84.2 81.8 81.3
65-74 years.................. 106.9 110.1 110.0 112.4 110.6
75-84 years.................. 133.1 138.3 140.4 139.7 140.5
85 years and over............ 178.6 183.7 178.9 182.7 179.2
Black
All ages, age adjusted. 24.4 26.1 25.3 25.8 26.5
All ages, crude........ 24.4 26.3 25.6 26.2 27.2
Under 25 years............... 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
25-34 years.................. 4.6 5.0 4.4 5.6 4.7
35-44 years.................. 23.8 28.9 26.3 28.3 28.9
45-54 years.................. 55.3 55.5 54.4 59.1 60.1
55-64 years.................. 82.9 90.5 88.5 83.6 88.2
65-74 years.................. 95.0 100.1 99.3 100.5 101.0
75-84 years.................. 120.6 128.2 121.0 112.1 125.3
85 years and over............ 143.4 149.6 152.5 162.1 162.5
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based on
the then current International Classification of Diseases, which are
described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data computed
by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the Division of
Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Maternal mortality: complication-pregnancy/birth:race/age:'50-87
Table 31. Maternal mortality rates for complications of pregnancy,
childbirth, and the puerperium, according to race and age: United
States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Race and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 live births
All ages, age adjusted..... 73.7 32.1 21.5 9.4 8.9 8.0
All ages, crude............ 83.3 37.1 21.5 9.2 8.5 7.9
Under 20 years................ 70.7 22.7 18.9 7.6 7.6 6.5
20-24 years................... 47.6 20.7 13.0 5.8 6.5 4.5
25-29 years................... 63.5 29.8 17.0 7.7 6.6 7.6
30-34 years...................107.7 50.3 31.6 13.6 11.4 11.4
35 years and over2/...........222.0 104.3 81.9 36.3 28.7 24.2
White
All ages, age adjusted.. 53.1 22.4 14.5 6.8 6.5 5.7
All ages, crude......... 61.1 26.0 14.4 6.7 6.3 5.8
Under 20 years................ 44.9 14.8 13.9 5.9 *4.3 *4.1
20-24 years................... 35.7 15.3 8.4 4.3 5.3 3.1
25-29 years................... 45.0 20.3 11.2 5.5 5.1 5.5
30-34 years................... 75.9 34.3 18.8 9.4 8.7 9.1
35 years and over2/...........174.1 73.9 59.6 25.8 19.8 17.2
Black
All ages, age adjusted.. --- 92.0 64.3 23.9 22.1 20.0
All ages, crude......... --- 103.6 59.8 21.5 20.4 18.2
Under 20 years................ --- 54.8 31.8 12.8 16.8 *12.3
20-24 years................... --- 56.9 41.0 13.4 13.0 11.6
25-29 years................... --- 92.8 63.8 21.4 17.9 22.3
30-34 years................... --- 150.6 115.6 41.9 34.2 *22.9
35 years and over2/........... --- 299.5 204.7 96.5 83.1 *70.5
Race and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 live births
All ages, age adjusted.. 7.9 7.3 7.6 7.0 6.1
All ages, crude......... 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.2 6.6
Under 20 years................ 5.4 6.3 6.9 5.9 5.1
20-24 years................... 7.5 4.3 5.4 5.7 4.8
25-29 years................... 6.6 6.9 6.4 5.8 5.3
30-34 years................... 9.1 11.5 8.9 7.8 8.9
35 years and over2/........... 20.7 21.9 25.0 21.4 15.1
White
All ages, age adjusted.. 5.8 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.9
All ages, crude......... 5.9 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.1
Under 20 years................ *4.4 *4.3 *4.3 *4.1 *5.4
20-24 years................... 4.9 *2.0 3.4 3.7 3.9
25-29 years................... 5.2 5.7 4.7 3.6 3.9
30-34 years................... 6.0 7.8 5.2 5.2 6.0
35 years and over2/........... 17.3 16.0 17.8 16.1 11.8
Black
All ages, age adjusted.. 19.3 20.5 21.0 19.3 14.3
All ages, crude......... 18.3 19.7 20.4 18.8 14.2
Under 20 years................ *7.0 *11.4 *12.1 *10.6 *4.1
20-24 years................... 20.2 15.2 14.0 13.9 9.4
25-29 years................... 16.0 15.6 18.4 19.3 14.3
30-34 years................... 31.1 37.9 35.8 29.0 30.9
35 years and over2/...........*41.4 *67.6 72.6 *58.6 *43.1
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
2/Rates computed by relating deaths of women 35 years and over to live births
to women 35-49 years.
*Based on fewer than 20 deaths.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based on
the then current International Classification of Diseases, which are
described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Vital
Statistics of the United States, Vol. I, ty, 1950-86. Public
Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data
computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics; U.S. Bureau of the Census: Population
estimates and projections. Current Population Reports. Series P-25,
No. 499. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, May 1973.
3Death rate motor vehicle accidents by sex/race/age:U.S. 1950-87
Table 32. Death rates for motor vehicle accidents, according to sex, race
and age: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 23.3 22.5 27.4 22.9 21.8 19.3
All ages, crude........ 23.1 21.3 26.9 23.5 22.4 19.8
Under 1 year................. 8.4 8.1 9.8 7.0 6.1 5.8
1-4 years.................... 11.5 10.0 11.5 9.2 7.8 7.9
5-14 years................... 8.8 7.9 10.2 7.9 7.5 6.8
15-24 years.................. 34.4 38.0 47.2 44.8 41.2 36.9
25-34 years.................. 24.6 24.3 30.9 29.1 28.6 24.1
35-44 years.................. 20.3 19.3 24.9 20.9 20.2 17.7
45-54 years.................. 22.2 21.4 25.5 18.6 17.8 15.7
55-64 years.................. 29.2 25.1 27.9 17.4 17.3 15.2
65-74 years.................. 38.8 31.4 32.8 19.2 19.4 17.5
75-84 years.................. 52.7 41.8 43.5 28.1 27.3 25.2
85 years and over............ 45.1 37.9 34.2 27.6 25.8 23.7
White male
All ages, age adjusted... 35.9 34.0 40.1 34.8 33.4 29.3
All ages, crude.......... 35.1 31.5 39.1 35.9 34.5 30.1
Under 1 year................. 9.1 8.8 9.1 7.0 6.2 5.9
1-4 years.................... 13.2 11.3 12.2 9.5 8.1 8.2
5-14 years................... 12.0 10.3 12.6 9.8 9.9 8.5
15-24 years.................. 58.3 62.7 75.2 73.8 67.6 60.8
25-34 years.................. 39.1 38.6 47.0 46.6 46.3 38.5
35-44 years.................. 30.9 28.4 35.2 30.7 29.9 26.3
45-54 years.................. 31.6 29.7 34.6 26.3 25.5 22.4
55-64 years.................. 41.9 34.4 39.0 23.9 24.0 20.8
65-74 years.................. 59.1 45.5 46.2 25.8 26.3 23.1
75-84 years.................. 86.4 66.8 69.2 43.6 43.8 39.6
85 years and over............ 79.3 61.9 65.5 57.3 54.5 48.4
Black male
All ages, age adjusted... 39.8 38.2 50.1 32.9 30.7 27.2
All ages, crude.......... 37.2 33.1 44.3 31.1 28.8 25.9
Under 1 year................. --- 6.8 10.6 7.8 6.0 5.0
1-4 years.................... --- 12.7 16.9 13.7 9.7 11.1
5-14 years................... 9.7 10.4 16.1 10.5 9.3 8.6
15-24 years.................. 41.6 46.4 58.1 34.9 30.8 29.2
25-34 years.................. 57.4 51.0 70.4 44.9 42.2 36.6
35-44 years.................. 45.9 43.6 59.5 41.2 40.0 33.9
45-54 years.................. 49.9 48.1 61.4 39.1 39.0 33.9
55-64 years.................. 58.8 47.3 62.1 40.3 35.6 31.8
65-74 years.................. 48.5 46.1 54.9 41.8 42.4 33.7
75-84 years.................. --- 51.8 51.6 46.5 43.9 39.8
85 years and over............ --- 58.6 45.7 34.0 36.4 37.5
White female
All ages, age adjusted... 10.6 11.1 14.4 12.3 11.7 10.5
All ages, crude.......... 10.9 11.2 14.8 12.8 12.3 11.0
Under 1 year................. 7.8 7.5 10.2 7.1 6.5 5.6
1-4 years.................... 10.1 8.3 9.6 7.7 6.8 7.0
5-14 years................... 5.6 5.3 6.9 5.7 5.1 5.0
15-24 years.................. 12.6 15.6 22.7 23.0 21.8 18.9
25-34 years.................. 9.0 9.0 12.7 12.2 12.4 10.6
35-44 years.................. 8.1 8.9 12.3 10.6 9.9 8.8
45-54 years.................. 10.8 11.4 14.3 10.2 9.5 8.5
55-64 years.................. 15.0 15.3 16.1 10.5 10.7 9.3
65-74 years.................. 20.9 19.3 22.1 13.4 13.3 12.6
75-84 years.................. 25.4 23.8 28.1 19.0 18.0 17.3
85 years and over............ 22.3 22.2 18.1 15.3 14.7 13.9
Black female
All ages, age adjusted... 10.3 10.0 13.8 8.4 7.7 7.5
All ages, crude.......... 10.2 9.7 13.4 8.3 7.7 7.6
Under 1 year................. --- 8.1 11.9 5.3 3.1 4.8
1-4 years.................... --- 8.8 12.6 9.5 8.7 7.8
5-14 years................... 6.2 5.9 9.3 5.2 5.2 5.6
15-24 years.................. 11.5 9.9 13.4 8.0 7.7 7.8
25-34 years.................. 10.7 9.8 13.3 10.6 8.2 8.8
35-44 years.................. 11.1 11.0 16.1 8.3 7.7 7.8
45-54 years.................. 10.6 11.8 16.4 9.1 8.2 7.1
55-64 years.................. 14.0 14.0 17.0 9.3 9.3 7.9
65-74 years.................. 12.7 14.2 16.3 8.5 10.2 9.1
75-84 years.................. --- 8.8 14.4 11.1 11.8 8.5
85 years and over............ --- 21.1 15.4 12.3 6.3 9.6
Sex, race, and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 18.5 19.1 18.8 19.4 19.5
All ages, crude........ 19.0 19.6 19.2 19.9 19.8
Under 1 year................. 5.2 4.4 4.8 4.9 5.3
1-4 years.................... 7.5 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.8
5-14 years................... 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0
15-24 years.................. 35.1 36.7 36.1 39.0 37.8
25-34 years.................. 23.4 23.8 22.8 24.2 24.2
35-44 years.................. 16.8 17.1 17.1 16.6 17.3
45-54 years.................. 15.3 15.4 15.2 15.1 15.4
55-64 years.................. 14.7 15.7 15.5 15.1 15.6
65-74 years.................. 17.1 18.0 17.7 17.9 18.5
75-84 years.................. 26.0 28.2 27.6 28.8 29.3
85 years and over............ 25.0 25.0 26.1 25.3 27.1
White male
All ages, age adjusted... 27.8 28.4 27.6 28.7 28.4
All ages, crude.......... 28.5 29.1 28.2 29.2 28.8
Under 1 year................. 5.7 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.3
1-4 years.................... 8.3 7.5 7.6 7.0 7.2
5-14 years................... 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.7 9.1
15-24 years.................. 57.0 59.1 57.4 62.6 59.2
25-34 years.................. 37.0 37.3 35.5 37.3 36.8
35-44 years.................. 24.3 24.3 24.1 23.7 24.4
45-54 years.................. 21.2 21.7 20.9 20.8 20.6
55-64 years.................. 19.9 20.9 20.6 19.9 20.8
65-74 years.................. 22.5 24.0 21.7 22.4 24.0
75-84 years.................. 39.8 41.8 41.2 42.9 43.4
85 years and over............ 54.7 52.6 56.4 51.6 58.6
Black male
All ages, age adjusted... 26.4 27.2 27.7 29.2 28.5
All ages, crude.......... 25.2 26.4 26.7 28.6 27.7
Under 1 year................. 3.6 5.7 5.9 8.0 8.3
1-4 years.................... 10.9 9.8 10.7 10.7 9.9
5-14 years................... 8.5 8.7 8.9 9.6 9.2
15-24 years.................. 28.3 31.9 32.1 35.3 36.2
25-34 years.................. 35.9 36.8 37.2 41.7 38.2
35-44 years.................. 33.6 33.8 35.4 35.1 35.2
45-54 years.................. 32.4 28.5 29.9 31.4 32.4
55-64 years.................. 31.2 31.5 34.3 31.9 30.1
65-74 years.................. 29.6 35.5 30.0 27.2 31.2
75-84 years.................. 41.7 45.0 42.2 53.1 36.2
85 years and over............ 28.6 57.1 36.9 62.7 40.6
White female
All ages, age adjusted... 10.3 10.9 10.8 11.0 11.4
All ages, crude.......... 10.8 11.5 11.4 11.5 11.9
Under 1 year................. 4.8 4.4 3.9 4.6 5.8
1-4 years.................... 6.0 5.4 5.7 6.0 5.9
5-14 years................... 4.7 5.1 5.2 4.9 4.9
15-24 years.................. 18.8 20.1 20.1 21.5 21.7
25-34 years.................. 10.7 11.0 10.0 10.8 11.6
35-44 years.................. 8.8 9.4 9.4 8.4 9.3
45-54 years.................. 8.5 8.9 8.9 8.5 9.2
55-64 years.................. 9.3 10.3 9.9 9.6 10.4
65-74 years.................. 12.6 13.0 14.3 14.4 13.7
75-84 years.................. 17.9 20.6 19.9 20.5 22.0
85 years and over............ 14.0 13.8 15.1 14.7 15.9
Black female
All ages, age adjusted... 7.5 7.6 8.2 8.5 8.7
All ages, crude.......... 7.6 7.8 8.3 8.5 8.8
Under 1 year................. 5.1 5.1 7.8 5.3 5.3
1-4 years.................... 8.0 6.9 6.8 6.9 7.5
5-14 years................... 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.8 4.7
15-24 years.................. 8.6 8.4 9.1 9.1 9.5
25-34 years.................. 7.4 9.0 9.2 10.3 11.1
35-44 years.................. 7.3 8.6 9.1 8.7 9.2
45-54 years.................. 8.7 6.4 8.2 8.7 9.0
55-64 years.................. 8.1 8.5 9.5 10.9 8.8
65-74 years.................. 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.7 11.8
75-84 years.................. 15.1 13.7 15.0 10.0 10.9
85 years and over............ 7.8 9.8 9.4 11.0 7.2
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based
on the then current International Classification of Diseases, which
are described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data
computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Death rate homicide/legal intervention:sex/race/age:U.S. 1950-87
Table 33. Death rates for homicide and legal intervention, according to
sex, race, and age: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 5.4 5.2 9.1 10.8 10.4 9.7
All ages, crude........ 5.3 4.7 8.3 10.7 10.3 9.6
Under 1 year................. 4.4 4.8 4.3 5.9 6.1 6.7
1-4 years.................... 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.7
5-14 years................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2
15-24 years.................. 6.3 5.9 11.7 15.6 14.7 13.7
25-34 years.................. 9.9 9.7 16.6 19.6 18.5 17.3
35-44 years.................. 8.8 8.1 13.7 15.1 14.4 13.3
45-54 years.................. 6.1 6.2 10.1 11.1 11.3 10.2
55-64 years.................. 4.0 4.2 7.1 7.0 7.1 6.5
65-74 years.................. 3.2 2.8 5.0 5.7 4.8 4.9
75-84 years.................. 2.6 2.4 4.0 5.2 5.3 4.7
85 years and over............ 2.3 2.4 4.2 5.3 5.3 5.8
White male
All ages, age adjusted... 3.9 3.9 7.3 10.9 10.3 9.5
All ages, crude.......... 3.9 3.6 6.8 10.9 10.4 9.6
Under 1 year................. 4.3 3.8 2.9 4.3 4.7 5.8
1-4 years.................... 0.4 0.6 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.9
5-14 years................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8
15-24 years.................. 3.7 4.4 7.9 15.5 14.4 13.1
25-34 years.................. 5.4 6.2 13.0 18.9 17.6 16.2
35-44 years.................. 6.4 5.5 11.0 15.5 15.1 13.9
45-54 years.................. 5.5 5.0 9.0 11.9 12.1 10.9
55-64 years.................. 4.4 4.3 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.1
65-74 years.................. 4.1 3.4 5.6 6.9 5.2 5.0
75-84 years.................. 3.5 2.7 5.1 6.3 5.1 5.2
85 years and over............ 1.8 2.7 6.4 6.4 7.9 8.2
Black male
All ages, age adjusted... 51.1 44.9 82.1 71.9 69.2 62.3
All ages, crude.......... 47.3 36.6 67.6 66.6 64.8 59.1
Under 1 year................. --- 10.3 14.3 18.6 11.1 16.1
1-4 years.................... --- 1.7 5.1 7.2 8.9 8.7
5-14 years................... 1.8 1.4 4.2 2.9 4.1 3.4
15-24 years.................. 58.9 46.4 102.5 84.3 78.2 72.0
25-34 years.................. 110.5 92.0 158.5 145.1 136.9 124.3
35-44 years.................. 83.7 77.5 126.2 110.3 106.1 91.4
45-54 years.................. 54.6 54.8 100.5 83.8 83.8 74.1
55-64 years.................. 35.7 31.8 59.8 55.6 53.4 49.3
65-74 years.................. 18.7 19.1 40.6 33.9 36.3 36.6
75-84 years.................. --- 16.1 19.0 27.6 33.5 24.8
85 years and over............ --- 10.3 19.6 17.0 29.1 19.6
White female
All ages, age adjusted... 1.4 1.5 2.2 3.2 3.1 3.1
All ages, crude.......... 1.4 1.4 2.1 3.2 3.1 3.1
Under 1 year................. 3.9 3.5 2.9 4.3 4.9 4.2
1-4 years.................... 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.7
5-14 years................... 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
15-24 years.................. 1.3 1.5 2.7 4.7 4.3 4.4
25-34 years.................. 1.9 2.0 3.4 4.3 4.3 4.3
35-44 years.................. 2.2 2.2 3.2 4.1 3.6 4.0
45-54 years.................. 1.6 1.9 2.2 3.0 3.2 2.9
55-64 years.................. 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2
65-74 years.................. 1.1 1.1 1.7 2.5 2.1 2.4
75-84 years.................. 1.2 1.2 2.5 3.3 3.6 2.9
85 years and over............ 1.9 1.5 1.9 4.0 3.3 3.9
Black female
All ages, age adjusted... 11.7 11.8 15.0 13.7 12.9 12.0
All ages, crude.......... 11.5 10.4 13.3 13.5 12.7 12.0
Under 1 year................. --- 13.8 10.7 12.8 13.1 13.3
1-4 years.................... --- 1.7 6.3 6.4 5.7 6.4
5-14 years................... 1.2 1.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.0
15-24 years.................. 16.5 11.9 17.7 18.4 16.9 15.3
25-34 years.................. 26.6 24.9 25.6 25.8 23.2 21.0
35-44 years.................. 17.8 20.5 25.1 17.7 16.3 16.1
45-54 years.................. 8.5 12.7 17.5 12.5 11.9 11.5
55-64 years.................. 3.6 6.8 8.1 8.9 11.2 8.0
65-74 years.................. 3.4 3.3 7.7 8.6 6.6 8.1
75-84 years.................. --- 2.5 5.7 6.7 9.2 8.8
85 years and over............ --- 2.6 9.8 8.5 4.5 12.2
Sex, race, and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 8.6 8.4 8.3 9.0 8.6
All ages, crude........ 8.6 8.4 8.3 9.0 8.7
Under 1 year................. 5.3 6.5 5.3 7.4 7.2
1-4 years.................... 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.3
5-14 years................... 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2
15-24 years.................. 12.4 12.0 12.1 14.2 14.0
25-34 years.................. 15.4 14.7 14.7 16.1 15.1
35-44 years.................. 11.8 11.3 11.3 11.4 10.8
45-54 years.................. 8.7 8.5 8.1 8.3 7.7
55-64 years.................. 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.5
65-74 years.................. 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3
75-84 years.................. 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.8
85 years and over............ 5.0 4.3 4.1 4.7 5.1
White male
All ages, age adjusted... 8.4 8.2 8.1 8.4 7.7
All ages, crude.......... 8.6 8.3 8.2 8.6 7.9
Under 1 year................. 3.3 4.9 3.7 5.4 6.0
1-4 years.................... 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8
5-14 years................... 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8
15-24 years.................. 11.5 11.1 11.2 12.5 11.2
25-34 years.................. 14.9 14.1 13.9 14.6 13.2
35-44 years.................. 12.4 11.8 11.5 11.6 10.2
45-54 years.................. 9.1 9.4 8.6 8.6 8.3
55-64 years.................. 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.3
65-74 years.................. 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.2
75-84 years.................. 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.9
85 years and over............ 5.6 5.3 3.9 4.4 5.4
Black male
All ages, age adjusted... 53.8 50.8 49.9 55.9 53.8
All ages, crude.......... 51.4 48.7 48.4 55.0 53.3
Under 1 year................. 14.0 20.1 16.0 22.5 19.4
1-4 years.................... 7.2 5.0 6.5 9.3 4.8
5-14 years................... 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.3
15-24 years.................. 66.8 61.5 66.1 79.2 85.6
25-34 years.................. 102.0 96.2 94.3 108.0 98.9
35-44 years.................. 82.0 78.1 76.3 79.4 78.4
45-54 years.................. 57.8 57.1 51.1 56.3 46.0
55-64 years.................. 46.7 40.6 37.8 35.4 32.8
65-74 years.................. 28.1 30.3 27.6 30.0 28.0
75-84 years.................. 32.4 28.3 21.5 27.9 29.5
85 years and over............ 27.0 28.6 16.9 25.4 29.0
White female
All ages, age adjusted... 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
All ages, crude.......... 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0
Under 1 year................. 3.7 4.0 4.3 5.1 4.2
1-4 years.................... 1.2 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5
5-14 years................... 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
15-24 years.................. 3.7 4.3 3.6 4.3 3.9
25-34 years.................. 4.1 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.6
35-44 years.................. 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5
45-54 years.................. 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7
55-64 years.................. 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.9
65-74 years.................. 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.4
75-84 years.................. 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1
85 years and over............ 3.8 2.6 3.2 3.3 3.8
Black female
All ages, age adjusted... 11.2 11.0 10.8 11.8 12.3
All ages, crude.......... 11.3 11.2 11.0 12.1 12.6
Under 1 year................. 15.3 16.4 10.3 17.0 18.7
1-4 years.................... 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.8 7.2
5-14 years................... 1.4 3.1 2.0 2.3 2.0
15-24 years.................. 15.7 14.8 14.2 16.2 17.7
25-34 years.................. 19.9 19.3 19.8 21.9 22.4
35-44 years.................. 14.8 14.4 14.8 14.8 14.4
45-54 years.................. 9.5 7.5 9.0 8.5 10.5
55-64 years.................. 6.3 6.7 6.4 6.8 7.6
65-74 years.................. 7.0 6.8 7.2 8.7 6.9
75-84 years.................. 11.3 9.8 7.6 8.6 10.4
85 years and over............ 8.5 7.5 11.5 13.1 10.5
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based
on the then current International Classification of Diseases, which
are described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data
computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Death rate for suicide by sex/race/age:U.S. select years 1950-87
Table 34. Death rates for suicide, according to sex, race, and age: United
States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Sex, race, and age 19501/ 19601/ 1970 1980 1981 1982
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 11.0 10.6 11.8 11.4 11.5 11.6
All ages, crude........ 11.4 10.6 11.6 11.9 12.0 12.2
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
15-24 years.................. 4.5 5.2 8.8 12.3 12.3 12.1
25-34 years.................. 9.1 10.0 14.1 16.0 16.3 16.0
35-44 years.................. 14.3 14.2 16.9 15.4 15.9 15.3
45-54 years.................. 20.9 20.7 20.0 15.9 16.1 16.6
55-64 years.................. 27.0 23.7 21.4 15.9 16.4 16.9
65-74 years.................. 29.3 23.0 20.8 16.9 16.2 17.4
75-84 years.................. 31.1 27.9 21.2 19.1 18.6 20.3
85 years and over............ 28.8 26.0 19.0 19.2 17.7 17.6
White male
All ages, age adjusted... 18.1 17.5 18.2 18.9 18.9 19.4
All ages, crude.......... 19.0 17.6 18.0 19.9 20.0 20.7
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9
15-24 years.................. 6.6 8.6 13.9 21.4 21.1 21.2
25-34 years.................. 13.8 14.9 19.9 25.6 26.2 26.1
35-44 years.................. 22.4 21.9 23.3 23.5 24.3 23.6
45-54 years.................. 34.1 33.7 29.5 24.2 23.9 25.8
55-64 years.................. 45.9 40.2 35.0 25.8 26.3 27.9
65-74 years.................. 53.2 42.0 38.7 32.5 30.3 33.1
75-84 years.................. 61.9 55.7 45.5 45.5 43.8 48.5
85 years and over............ 61.9 61.3 45.8 52.8 53.6 53.9
Black male
All ages, age adjusted... 7.0 7.8 9.9 11.1 11.0 10.8
All ages, crude.......... 6.3 6.4 8.0 10.3 10.2 10.1
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... --- 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.8
15-24 years.................. 4.9 4.1 10.5 12.3 11.1 11.0
25-34 years.................. 9.3 12.4 19.2 21.8 21.8 20.3
35-44 years.................. 10.4 12.8 12.6 15.6 15.5 15.6
45-54 years.................. 10.4 10.8 13.8 12.0 12.3 11.8
55-64 years.................. 16.5 16.2 10.6 11.7 12.5 11.9
65-74 years.................. 10.0 11.3 8.7 11.1 9.7 12.1
75-84 years.................. --- 6.6 8.9 10.5 18.0 12.2
85 years and over............ --- 6.9 8.7 18.9 12.7 16.1
White female
All ages, age adjusted... 5.3 5.3 7.2 5.7 6.0 5.8
All ages, crude.......... 5.5 5.3 7.1 5.9 6.2 6.1
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3
15-24 years.................. 2.7 2.3 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.5
25-34 years.................. 5.2 5.8 9.0 7.5 7.7 7.5
35-44 years.................. 8.2 8.1 13.0 9.1 9.5 9.2
45-54 years.................. 10.5 10.9 13.5 10.2 11.1 10.4
55-64 years.................. 10.7 10.9 12.3 9.1 9.4 9.5
65-74 years.................. 10.6 8.8 9.6 7.0 7.3 7.4
75-84 years.................. 8.4 9.2 7.2 5.7 5.5 6.1
85 years and over............ 8.9 6.1 5.8 5.8 3.7 3.9
Black female
All ages, age adjusted... 1.7 1.9 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.2
All ages, crude.......... 1.5 1.6 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.1
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... --- 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
15-24 years.................. 1.8 1.3 3.8 2.3 2.4 2.2
25-34 years.................. 2.6 3.0 5.7 4.1 4.6 3.7
35-44 years.................. 2.0 3.0 3.7 4.6 4.2 4.0
45-54 years.................. 3.5 3.1 3.7 2.8 2.5 3.1
55-64 years.................. 1.1 3.0 2.0 2.3 2.9 2.2
65-74 years.................. 1.9 2.3 2.9 1.7 3.0 2.1
75-84 years.................. --- 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.3
85 years and over............ --- --- 2.8 --- 1.8 0.9
Sex, race, and age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
All races Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 11.4 11.6 11.5 11.9 11.7
All ages, crude........ 12.1 12.4 12.3 12.8 12.7
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7
15-24 years.................. 11.9 12.5 12.9 13.1 12.9
25-34 years.................. 15.8 15.5 15.2 15.7 15.4
35-44 years.................. 14.6 15.1 14.6 15.2 15.0
45-54 years.................. 16.2 16.2 15.6 16.4 15.9
55-64 years.................. 16.5 17.3 16.7 17.0 16.6
65-74 years.................. 17.7 18.8 18.5 19.7 19.4
75-84 years.................. 22.3 22.0 24.1 25.2 25.8
85 years and over............ 19.0 18.4 19.1 20.8 22.1
White male
All ages, age adjusted... 19.3 19.7 19.9 20.5 20.1
All ages, crude.......... 20.6 21.3 21.5 22.3 22.1
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2
15-24 years.................. 20.6 22.0 22.7 23.6 22.7
25-34 years.................. 26.2 25.8 25.4 26.4 25.6
35-44 years.................. 23.2 23.7 23.5 23.9 23.9
45-54 years.................. 25.5 25.3 25.1 26.3 25.4
55-64 years.................. 27.4 28.8 28.6 28.7 28.7
65-74 years.................. 33.2 35.6 35.3 37.6 36.8
75-84 years.................. 52.5 52.0 57.1 58.9 60.9
85 years and over............ 56.8 55.8 60.3 66.3 71.9
Black male
All ages, age adjusted... 10.5 11.2 11.3 11.5 12.0
All ages, crude.......... 9.9 10.6 10.8 11.1 11.6
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8
15-24 years.................. 11.5 11.2 13.3 11.5 12.9
25-34 years.................. 19.1 20.7 19.6 21.3 21.1
35-44 years.................. 14.0 16.5 14.9 17.5 17.9
45-54 years.................. 12.1 11.6 13.5 12.8 13.0
55-64 years.................. 11.6 13.4 11.5 9.9 10.3
65-74 years.................. 13.6 13.8 15.8 16.1 17.6
75-84 years.................. 15.8 15.1 15.6 16.0 20.9
85 years and over............ 12.7 11.1 7.7 17.9 13.0
White female
All ages, age adjusted... 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.3
All ages, crude.......... 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.7
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3
15-24 years.................. 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6
25-34 years.................. 7.2 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.3
35-44 years.................. 8.2 8.4 7.7 8.3 7.9
45-54 years.................. 9.9 10.0 9.0 9.6 9.4
55-64 years.................. 9.1 9.1 8.4 9.0 8.4
65-74 years.................. 7.9 7.8 7.3 7.7 7.6
75-84 years.................. 6.6 6.8 7.0 8.0 7.5
85 years and over............ 5.3 5.1 4.7 5.0 4.8
Black female
All ages, age adjusted... 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.1
All ages, crude.......... 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1
Under 1 year................. --- --- --- --- ---
1-4 years.................... --- --- --- --- ---
5-14 years................... 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
15-24 years.................. 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.5
25-34 years.................. 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.8 4.0
35-44 years.................. 3.5 3.2 3.6 2.8 2.9
45-54 years.................. 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.2
55-64 years.................. 1.7 3.1 2.2 4.2 1.8
65-74 years.................. 1.3 2.5 2.0 2.8 2.5
75-84 years.................. 1.3 0.5 4.5 2.6 2.3
85 years and over............ 2.3 0.8 1.4 --- ---
1/Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
NOTE: For data years shown, the code numbers for cause of death are based
on the then current International Classification of Diseases, which
are described in Appendix II, tables IV and V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, 1950-86. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; Data
computed by the Division of Analysis from data compiled by the
Division of Vital Statistics and from table 1.
3Death for selected occupational diseases males by age:U.S.'70-87
Table 35. Deaths for selected occupational diseases for males, according to
age: United States, selected years 1970-87
(Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System)
Age and cause of death 1970 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981
25 years and over Number of deaths1/
Malignant neoplasm of peritoneum
and pleura (mesothelioma)......... 602 591 557 559 552 556
Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis........ 1155 973 840 918 977 1053
Asbestosis......................... 25 43 64 86 96 98
Silicosis.......................... 351 243 162 220 202 165
25-64 years
Malignant neoplasm of peritoneum
and pleura (mesothelioma)......... 308 280 254 246 241 229
Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis........ 294 188 116 130 136 116
Asbestosis......................... 17 22 31 29 30 21
Silicosis.......................... 90 64 50 51 49 44
65 years and over
Malignant neoplasm of peritoneum
and pleura (mesothelioma)......... 294 311 303 313 311 327
Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis........ 861 785 724 788 841 937
Asbestosis......................... 8 21 33 57 66 77
Silicosis.......................... 261 179 112 169 153 121
Age and cause of death 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
25 years and over Number of deaths1/
Malignant neoplasm of peritoneum
and pleura (mesothelioma)......... 576 584 584 571 564 575
Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis........ 954 926 923 947 882 823
Asbestosis......................... 99 128 131 130 180 195
Silicosis.......................... 176 149 160 138 135 153
25-64 years
Malignant neoplasm of peritoneum
and pleura (mesothelioma)......... 234 211 211 210 200 196
Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis........ 116 88 97 89 71 71
Asbestosis......................... 26 30 25 29 37 32
Silicosis.......................... 42 37 34 30 22 32
65 years and over
Malignant neoplasm of peritoneum
and pleura (mesothelioma)......... 342 373 373 361 364 379
Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis........ 838 838 826 858 811 752
Asbestosis......................... 73 98 106 101 143 163
Silicosis.......................... 134 112 126 108 113 121
1/This table classifies deaths according to underlying cause. Multiple
cause of death data from the Vital Statistics System can be used to
identify additional deaths for which occupational disease is a
nonunderlying cause of death rather than the underlying cause. In 1985 and
1986 among men 25 years and over the numbers of additional deaths for which
occupational disease is a nonunderlying cause are shown below.
Nonunderlying cause of death 1985 1986
Malignant neoplasm of peritoneum
and pleura (mesothelioma)......... 102 106
Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis........ 1652 1536
Asbestosis......................... 382 494
Silicosis.......................... 187 175
NOTE: Selection of occupational diseases based on definitions in D.
Rutstein et al.: Sentinel health events (occupational): A basis for
physician recognition and public health surveillance, Am. J. Public
Health 73(9): 1054-1062, Sept. 1983. For data years shown, the code
numbers for cause of death are based on the then current
International Classification of Diseases, which are described in
Appendix II, tables IV and V. Changes in number of deaths from 1978
to 1979 may be affected by changes in coding from the Eighth Revision
to the Ninth Revision.
SOURCES: Data computed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics,
National Center for Health Statistics; Data computed by the
Division of Epidemiology and Health Promotion from data compiled
by the Division of Vital Statistics.
3Provisional death rate:all causes by race/sex/age:U.S. 1986-88
Table 36. Provisional death rates for all causes, according to race, sex, and
age: United States, 1986-88
(Data are based on a 10-percent sample of death certificates from the National
All races
Sex and age 1986 1987 1988
Both sexes Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 540.2 536.2 536.3
All ages, crude........ 870.8 874.0 883.0
Under 1 year........... 1036.7 1006.5 1001.9
1-4 years.............. 50.8 51.6 50.7
5-14 years............. 26.4 25.6 26.2
15-24 years............ 102.6 101.6 104.8
25-34 years............ 130.2 131.4 133.6
35-44 years............ 212.5 211.8 217.6
45-54 years............ 504.6 498.9 486.4
55-64 years............ 1259.0 1246.8 1246.3
65-74 years............ 2787.8 2763.6 2731.2
75-84 years............ 6316.4 6266.1 6324.4
85 years and over...... 15291.1 15405.7 15577.7
Male
All ages, age adjusted. 707.1 698.6 699.8
All ages, crude........ 937.8 935.1 944.2
Under 1 year........... 1156.7 1122.7 1121.5
1-4 years.............. 56.1 58.4 56.2
5-14 years............. 32.0 31.8 30.5
15-24 years............ 151.5 150.5 154.0
25-34 years............ 189.9 189.1 196.0
35-44 years............ 286.7 290.4 296.2
45-54 years............ 666.8 638.0 636.5
55-64 years............ 1647.9 1625.8 1624.2
65-74 years............ 3660.4 3635.7 3583.2
75-84 years............ 8296.8 8206.1 8243.2
85 years and over...... 18167.9 18037.2 18475.2
Female
All ages, age adjusted. 405.4 404.5 403.5
All ages, crude........ 807.2 815.9 825.0
Under 1 year........... 911.5 883.8 876.3
1-4 years.............. 45.2 44.4 44.9
5-14 years............. 20.6 19.1 21.7
15-24 years............ 52.7 51.7 54.5
25-34 years............ 70.4 73.6 71.2
35-44 years............ 140.4 135.4 141.0
45-54 years............ 351.5 367.3 344.3
55-64 years............ 913.7 909.6 909.4
65-74 years............ 2098.3 2070.4 2051.4
75-84 years............ 5132.7 5102.4 5166.6
85 years and over...... 14154.2 14376.5 14451.7
White
Sex and age 1986 1987 1988
Both sexes Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 518.2 514.0 513.4
All ages, crude........ 895.4 900.2 910.0
Under 1 year........... 877.3 836.9 818.4
1-4 years.............. 45.7 49.1 47.6
5-14 years............. 24.5 24.2 23.9
15-24 years............ 99.6 98.3 98.8
25-34 years............ 114.5 116.0 115.6
35-44 years............ 187.0 183.2 188.7
45-54 years............ 460.2 454.2 441.4
55-64 years............ 1201.9 1187.9 1193.9
65-74 years............ 2734.8 2711.3 2679.4
75-84 years............ 6287.0 6243.7 6305.2
85 years and over...... 15503.3 15698.5 15888.0
Male
All ages, age adjusted. 680.7 671.0 670.5
All ages, crude........ 955.3 951.6 960.3
Under 1 year........... 989.7 938.7 937.5
1-4 years.............. 51.0 54.2 51.7
5-14 years............. 29.9 30.1 29.0
15-24 years............ 146.3 145.3 144.4
25-34 years............ 167.3 166.7 169.6
35-44 years............ 250.8 251.1 254.7
45-54 years............ 607.4 577.7 573.0
55-64 years............ 1579.8 1554.7 1557.4
65-74 years............ 3615.5 3585.7 3533.8
75-84 years............ 8304.9 8200.1 8234.6
85 years and over...... 18536.5 18456.4 18933.7
Female
All ages, age adjusted. 387.0 386.9 385.8
All ages, crude........ 838.3 851.0 861.8
Under 1 year........... 758.2 729.7 692.8
1-4 years.............. 40.2 43.7 43.3
5-14 years............. 18.8 18.1 18.5
15-24 years............ 51.6 50.0 52.0
25-34 years............ 60.6 64.2 60.5
35-44 years............ 123.7 115.7 123.0
45-54 years............ 318.6 335.0 314.2
55-64 years............ 862.8 857.8 865.7
65-74 years............ 2035.6 2012.4 1993.0
75-84 years............ 5087.4 5075.9 5145.3
85 years and over...... 14327.7 14641.8 14727.8
Black
Sex and age 1986 1987 1988
Both sexes Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted. 768.7 767.1 769.9
All ages, crude........ 842.1 843.6 853.9
Under 1 year........... 1952.1 2001.7 2030.4
1-4 years.............. 80.2 68.1 66.1
5-14 years............. 36.9 35.7 38.7
15-24 years............ 124.0 128.6 143.3
25-34 years............ 252.4 248.7 266.5
35-44 years............ 440.7 467.2 476.9
45-54 years............ 923.7 913.3 908.9
55-64 years............ 1934.9 1922.3 1859.7
65-74 years............ 3634.5 3609.4 3587.3
75-84 years............ 7209.8 7209.9 7257.6
85 years and over...... 13563.4 12868.8 13206.1
Male
All ages, age adjusted. 1003.4 1005.4 1018.4
All ages, crude........ 964.0 973.1 988.4
Under 1 year........... 2140.4 2218.0 2196.7
1-4 years.............. 84.0 85.1 82.8
5-14 years............. 44.2 45.6 39.1
15-24 years............ 189.9 194.9 214.2
25-34 years............ 379.0 370.3 404.9
35-44 years............ 635.9 673.5 703.9
45-54 years............ 1282.1 1244.4 1294.3
55-64 years............ 2499.5 2473.5 2415.9
65-74 years............ 4561.7 4592.0 4527.3
75-84 years............ 9103.4 9238.8 9360.3
85 years and over...... 15507.5 14956.5 15342.9
Female
All ages, age adjusted. 585.0 579.9 574.9
All ages, crude........ 732.3 726.7 732.6
Under 1 year........... 1759.9 1780.9 1860.1
1-4 years.............. 76.2 50.5 48.8
5-14 years............. 29.3 25.6 38.4
15-24 years............ 59.9 64.0 74.1
25-34 years............ 139.7 140.1 142.8
35-44 years............ 277.5 295.0 286.9
45-54 years............ 633.7 644.4 596.3
55-64 years............ 1471.4 1465.6 1399.1
65-74 years............ 2955.7 2879.4 2887.1
75-84 years............ 6060.5 5979.6 5997.8
85 years and over...... 12671.2 11921.1 12259.5
NOTE: Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Annual summary of births,
marriages, divorces, and deaths, United States, 1987. Monthly Vital
Statistics Report. Vol. 36, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1120.
July 29, 1988; Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and
deaths, United States, 1988. Monthly Vital Statistics Report.
Vol. 37, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1120. July 26, 1989. Public
Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.
3Provisional age-adjusted death rate: selected causes:U.S.'86-88
Table 37. Provisional age-adjusted death rates for selected causes of death:
United States, 1986-88
(Data are based on a 10-percent sample of death certificates from the
National Vital Statistics System)
Cause of death 1986 1987 1988
Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All causes.............................. 540.2 536.2 536.3
Diseases of heart....................... 175.4 169.9 166.7
Ischemic heart disease................ 119.6 114.0 110.4
Cerebrovascular diseases................ 30.4 30.1 29.8
Malignant neoplasms..................... 132.5 133.1 133.3
Respiratory system.................... 38.3 39.3 40.6
Breast1/.............................. 23.4 23.0 23.3
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.. 18.5 18.7 19.2
Pneumonia and influenza................. 13.6 13.2 14.2
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis..... 9.2 9.0 9.0
Diabetes mellitus....................... 9.4 9.6 9.9
Accidents and adverse effects........... 35.5 34.6 35.1
Motor vehicle accidents............... 19.8 19.7 20.1
Suicide................................. 12.0 11.7 11.3
Homicide and legal intervention......... 8.8 8.4 9.0
Human immunodeficiency virus infection.. --- 5.3 6.5
1/Female only.
NOTES: Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. Code numbers for
cause of death are based on the International Classification of
Diseases, Ninth Revision, described in Appendix II, table V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Annual summary of births,
marriages, divorces, and deaths, United States, 1986. Monthly
Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 35, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)
87-1120. Aug. 24, 1987; Annual summary of births, marriages,
divorces, and deaths, United States, 1987. Monthly Vital
Statistics Report. Vol. 36, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1120.
July 29, 1988; Annual summary of births,
marriages, divorces, and deaths, United States, 1988. Monthly Vital
Statistics Report. Vol. 37, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1120.
July 26, 1989. Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md. Figure for
breast cancer was computed by Division of Analysis.
3Provisional death rate: 3 leading causes of death: U.S. 1986-88
Table 38. Provisional death rates for the 3 leading causes of death,
according to age: United States, 1986-88
(Data are based on a 10-percent sample of death certificates from the
National Vital Statistics System)
Cause of death and age 1986 1987 1988
Diseases of heart Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages................................ 318.7 313.4 312.2
Under 1 year............................ 29.2 23.9 23.6
1-14 years.............................. 1.3 1.3 1.4
15-24 years............................. 2.4 2.9 2.8
25-34 years............................. 7.6 7.5 7.3
35-44 years............................. 36.9 34.4 33.0
45-54 years............................. 142.8 140.7 131.4
55-64 years............................. 430.9 408.9 405.6
65-74 years............................. 1047.6 1019.5 985.6
75-84 years............................. 2649.2 2556.3 2554.4
85 years and over....................... 7169.2 7122.1 7119.1
Malignant neoplasms
All ages................................ 193.3 196.1 198.6
Under 1 year............................ 1.6 3.7 1.3
1-14 years.............................. 3.6 3.7 3.5
15-24 years............................. 5.4 5.1 5.0
25-34 years............................. 12.2 12.5 10.8
35-44 years............................. 46.3 44.4 44.3
45-54 years............................. 164.1 164.5 157.2
55-64 years............................. 447.1 448.5 456.5
65-74 years............................. 841.0 845.8 845.4
75-84 years............................. 1261.4 1282.8 1324.8
85 years and over....................... 1602.3 1631.7 1664.5
Cerebrovascular diseases
All ages................................ 61.3 61.3 61.1
Under 1 year............................ 1.3 2.4 1.0
1-14 years.............................. 0.2 0.2 0.1
15-24 years............................. 0.6 0.9 0.9
25-34 years............................. 2.1 2.2 2.1
35-44 years............................. 7.0 6.6 7.1
45-54 years............................. 19.7 20.8 20.4
55-64 years............................. 51.0 51.8 51.9
65-74 years............................. 162.4 153.4 155.7
75-84 years............................. 566.2 563.0 544.4
85 years and over....................... 1750.0 1734.2 1710.3
NOTES: Includes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. Code
numbers for cause of death are based on the International
Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, described in
Appendix II, table V.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Annual summary of
births, marriages, divorces, and deaths, United States, 1987.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 36, No. 13. DHHS Pub.
No. (PHS) 88-1120. July 29, 1988; Annual summary of births,
marriages, divorces, and deaths, United States, 1988. Monthly
Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 37, No. 13. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)
89-1120. July 26, 1989. Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.
2Determinants and Measures of Health
3Progress toward '90 health promotion goals:U.S. select yrs'77-87
Table 39. Progress toward 1990 health promotion goals: United States,
selected years 1977-87
1990 goals 1977 1979 1980 1982 1983
Infants (under 1 year) Deaths per 1,000 live births
To continue to improve infant
health, and by 1990, to reduce
infant mortality by at least 35
percent to fewer than 9 deaths
per 1,000 live births............... 14.1 13.1 12.6 11.5 11.2
Children (1-14 years) Deaths per 100,000 population
To improve child health, foster
optimal childhood development,
and by 1990, reduce deaths among
children ages 1 to 14 years by at
least 20 percent to fewer than 34
per 100,000......................... 42.3 40.1 38.5 36.7 35.3
Adolescents and young adults
(15-24 years)
To improve the health and health
habits of adolescents and young
adults, and by 1990, to reduce
deaths among people ages 15 to 24
by at least 20 percent to fewer
than 92 per 100,000................. 114.8 114.8 115.4 101.0 96.0
Adults (25-64 years)
To improve the health of adults,
and by 1990, to reduce deaths
among people ages 25 to 64 by at
least 25 percent to fewer than
400 per 100,000..................... 532.9 500.2 498.0 462.3 452.8
Older adults
(65 years and over) Restricted-activity days per person
To improve the health and quality
of life for older adults and, by
1990, to reduce the average annual
number of days of restricted
activity due to acute and chronic
conditions by 20 percent, to fewer
than 30 days per year for people
aged 65 and older1/................. 36.5 41.9 39.2 31.6 32.1
To reduce the average annual Bed-disability days per person
number of days of bed disability
due to acute and chronic conditions
by 20 percent, to fewer than 12
days per year for people aged 65
and over1/.......................... 14.5 13.7 13.8 14.7 16.7
1990
1990 goals 1984 1985 1986 1987 goal
Infants (under 1 year) Deaths per 1,000 live births
To continue to improve infant
health, and by 1990, to reduce
infant mortality by at least 35
percent to fewer than 9 deaths
per 1,000 live births............... 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.1 9
Children (1-14 years) Deaths per 100,000 population
To improve child health, foster
optimal childhood development,
and by 1990, reduce deaths among
children ages 1 to 14 years by at
least 20 percent to fewer than 34
per 100,000......................... 34.1 33.8 33.7 33.3 34
Adolescents and young adults
(15-24 years)
To improve the health and health
habits of adolescents and young
adults, and by 1990, to reduce
deaths among people ages 15 to 24
by at least 20 percent to fewer
than 92 per 100,000................. 96.8 95.9 102.3 99.4 92
Adults (25-64 years)
To improve the health of adults,
and by 1990, to reduce deaths
among people ages 25 to 64 by at
least 25 percent to fewer than
400 per 100,000..................... 443.5 438.7 431.0 423.4 400
Older adults
(65 years and over) Restricted-activity days per person
To improve the health and quality
of life for older adults and, by
1990, to reduce the average annual
number of days of restricted
activity due to acute and chronic
conditions by 20 percent, to fewer
than 30 days per year for people
aged 65 and older1/................. 31.8 33.1 32.1 30.3 30
To reduce the average annual Bed-disability days per person
number of days of bed disability
due to acute and chronic conditions
by 20 percent, to fewer than 12
days per year for people aged 65
and over1/.......................... 15.1 13.7 14.9 14.0 12
1/Levels of estimates for 1982-87 may not be comparable to estimates for
previous years because the 1982-87 data are based on a revised questionaire
and field procedures.
SOURCES: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health and Surgeon General:
Healthy People--The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion
and Disease Prevention, 1979. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-55071. Public
Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979;
National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the
United States, Vol. II, Mortality, Part A, for data years 1977-87.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office;
Data computed by Division of Analysis from data compiled by Division
of Vital Statistics and from table 1; Division of Health Interview
Statistics: Current estimates from the National Health Interview
Survey: United States, 1987. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 10,
No. 166. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1594. Public Health Service.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Sept. 1988.
3Vaccination child age 1-4:some diseases: race/MSA:U.S.'70s,83-85
Table 40. Vaccinations of children 1-4 years of age for selected diseases,
according to race and residence in metropolitan statistical area
(MSA): United States, 1970, 1976, and 1983-85
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Race Inside MSA
Vaccination All Central Remaining Outside
and year Total White other city areas MSA
All respondents Percent of population
Measles:
1970................ 57.2 60.4 41.9 55.2 61.7 54.3
1976................ 65.9 68.3 54.8 62.5 67.2 67.3
1983................ 64.9 66.8 57.2 60.4 66.3 66.7
1984................ 62.8 65.4 52.0 56.6 63.3 66.4
1985................ 60.8 63.6 48.8 55.5 63.3 61.9
Rubella:
1970................ 37.2 38.3 31.8 38.3 39.2 34.3
1976................ 61.7 63.8 51.5 59.5 63.5 61.5
1983................ 64.0 66.3 54.7 59.5 65.2 66.0
1984................ 60.9 63.9 48.3 56.1 60.4 64.6
1985................ 58.9 61.6 47.7 53.9 61.0 60.3
DTP:1,2/
1970................ 76.1 79.7 58.8 68.9 80.7 77.1
1976................ 71.4 75.3 53.2 64.1 75.7 72.9
1983................ 65.7 70.1 47.7 55.4 69.4 69.4
1984................ 65.7 69.1 51.3 57.9 66.6 69.8
1985................ 64.9 68.7 48.7 55.5 68.4 67.9
Polio:2/
1970................ 65.9 69.2 50.1 61.0 70.8 64.7
1976................ 61.6 66.2 39.9 53.8 65.3 63.9
1983................ 57.0 61.9 36.7 47.7 60.3 60.3
1984................ 54.8 58.4 39.9 48.7 55.2 58.5
1985................ 55.3 58.9 40.1 47.1 58.4 58.0
Mumps:
1970................ --- --- --- --- --- ---
1976................ 48.3 50.3 38.7 45.6 50.7 47.9
1983................ 59.5 61.8 50.0 52.6 60.2 63.6
1984................ 58.7 61.3 47.7 51.8 58.3 63.6
1985................ 58.9 61.8 47.0 52.4 61.0 61.4
Respondents consulting
vaccination records, 19853/
Measles............... 76.9 78.1 67.2 73.5 76.7 79.0
Rubella............... 73.8 75.0 64.1 70.4 75.0 74.6
DTP1,2/............... 87.0 88.5 75.2 79.6 89.7 88.6
Polio2/............... 75.7 77.5 61.5 68.9 79.6 75.9
Mumps................. 75.5 77.1 62.7 70.5 76.8 77.0
1/Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis.
2/3 doses or more.
3/The data in this panel are based only on 35 percent of white respondents
and 19 percent of all other respondents who consulted records for some or all
vaccination questions. One month prior to interview all sampled households
were asked to check vaccination records such as those from a private
physician, the health department, or military.
NOTE: Beginning in 1976, the category "don't know" was added to response
categories. Prior to 1976, the lack of this option resulted in some
forced positive answers, particularly for vaccinations requiring
multiple dose schedules, that is, polio and DTP.
SOURCE: Division of Immunization, Center for Prevention Services, Centers for
Disease Control: Unpublished data from the United States
Immunization Survey.
3Select notifiable disease rate by disease: U.S. select yrs'50-88
Table 41. Selected notifiable disease rates, according to disease: United
States, selected years 1950-88
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments)
Disease 1950 1960 1970 1980
Cases per 100,000 population
Diphtheria........................ 3.83 0.51 0.21 0.00
Hepatitis A1/..................... --- --- 27.87 12.84
Hepatitis B1/..................... --- --- 4.08 8.39
Mumps............................. --- --- 55.55 3.86
Pertussis (whooping cough)........ 79.82 8.23 2.08 0.76
Poliomyelitis, total.............. 22.02 1.77 0.02 0.00
Paralytic2/..................... --- 1.40 0.02 0.00
Rubella (German measles).......... --- --- 27.75 1.72
Rubeola (measles)................. 211.01 245.42 23.23 5.96
Salmonellosis, excluding typhoid
fever............................ --- 3.85 10.84 14.88
Shigellosis....................... 15.45 6.94 6.79 8.41
Tuberculosis3/.................... 80.50 30.83 18.22 12.25
Varicella (chickenpox)............ --- --- --- 96.69
Sexually transmitted diseases:4/
Syphilis5/...................... 146.02 68.78 45.26 30.51
Primary and secondary......... 16.73 9.06 10.89 12.06
Early latent.................. 39.71 10.11 8.08 9.00
Late and late latent.......... 70.22 45.91 24.94 9.30
Congenital.................... 8.97 2.48 0.97 0.12
Gonorrhea....................... 192.45 145.33 297.22 444.99
Chancroid....................... 3.34 0.94 0.70 0.35
Granuloma inguinale............. 1.19 0.17 0.06 0.02
Lymphogranuloma venereum........ 0.95 0.47 0.30 0.09
Number of cases
Diphtheria........................ 5796 918 435 3
Hepatitis A1/..................... --- --- 56797 29087
Hepatitis B1/..................... --- --- 8310 19015
Mumps............................. --- --- 104953 8576
Pertussis (whooping cough)........ 120718 14809 4249 1730
Poliomyelitis, total.............. 33300 3190 33 9
Paralytic2/..................... --- 2525 31 8
Rubella (German measles).......... --- --- 56552 3904
Rubeola (measles)................. 319124 441703 47351 13506
Salmonellosis, excluding typhoid
fever............................ --- 6929 22096 33715
Shigellosis....................... 23367 12487 13845 19041
Tuberculosis3/.................... 121742 55494 37137 27749
Varicella (chickenpox)............ --- --- --- 190894
Sexually transmitted diseases:4/
Syphilis5/...................... 217558 122538 91382 68832
Primary and secondary......... 23939 16145 21982 27204
Early latent.................. 59256 18017 16311 20297
Late and late latent.......... 113569 81798 50348 20979
Congenital.................... 13377 4416 1953 277
Gonorrhea....................... 286746 258933 600072 1004029
Chancroid....................... 4977 1680 1416 788
Granuloma inguinale............. 1783 296 124 51
Lymphogranuloma venereum........ 1427 835 612 199
Disease 1985 1986 1987 1988
Cases per 100,000 population
Diphtheria........................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hepatitis A1/..................... 10.03 10.02 10.39 11.60
Hepatitis B1/..................... 11.50 11.17 10.65 9.43
Mumps............................. 1.30 3.37 5.43 2.05
Pertussis (whooping cough)........ 1.50 1.74 1.16 1.40
Poliomyelitis, total.............. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Paralytic2/..................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rubella (German measles).......... 0.26 0.23 0.13 0.09
Rubeola (measles)................. 1.18 2.61 1.50 1.38
Salmonellosis, excluding typhoid
fever............................ 27.37 20.73 20.92 19.91
Shigellosis....................... 7.14 7.11 9.80 12.46
Tuberculosis3/.................... 9.30 9.44 9.25 9.13
Varicella (chickenpox)............ 123.23 122.42 136.68 122.43
Sexually transmitted diseases:4/
Syphilis5/...................... 28.50 28.53 35.81 42.37
Primary and secondary......... 11.45 11.67 14.54 16.43
Early latent.................. 9.15 9.12 11.55 14.58
Late and late latent.......... 7.77 7.58 9.44 11.05
Congenital.................... 0.14 0.17 0.28 0.30
Gonorrhea....................... 384.28 376.37 323.14 298.74
Chancroid....................... 0.87 1.30 2.07 2.04
Granuloma inguinale............. 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00
Lymphogranuloma venereum........ 0.10 0.14 0.13 0.07
Number of cases
Diphtheria........................ 3 - 3 2
Hepatitis A1/..................... 23210 23430 25280 28507
Hepatitis B1/..................... 26611 26107 25916 23177
Mumps............................. 2982 7790 12848 4866
Pertussis (whooping cough)........ 3589 4195 2823 3450
Poliomyelitis, total.............. 7 10 6 9
Paralytic2/..................... 7 10 9
Rubella (German measles).......... 630 551 306 225
Rubeola (measles)................. 2822 6282 3655 3396
Salmonellosis, excluding typhoid
fever............................ 65347 49984 50916 48948
Shigellosis....................... 17057 17138 23860 30617
Tuberculosis3/.................... 22201 22768 22517 22436
Varicella (chickenpox)............ 178162 183243 213196 192857
Sexually transmitted diseases:4/
Syphilis5/...................... 67563 68291 86545 103437
Primary and secondary......... 27131 27921 35145 40117
Early latent.................. 21689 21819 27914 35600
Late and late latent.......... 18414 18149 22811 26987
Congenital.................... 329 410 681 751
Gonorrhea....................... 911419 900856 780905 719536
Chancroid....................... 2067 3102 4998 5001
Granuloma inguinale............. 44 56 22 11
Lymphogranuloma venereum........ 226 335 303 185
1/Reports from New York City are not available for 1985 and 1986.
2/Data for 1986 and 1987 updated due to late reports; data for 1988 may also
be updated.
3/Data after 1974 are not comparable to prior years because of changes in
reporting criteria effective in 1975.
4/Newly reported civilian cases.
5/Includes stage of syphilis not stated.
NOTES: Rates greater than 0 but less than 0.005 are shown as 0.00. The total
resident population was used to calculate all rates except sexually
transmitted diseases, for which the civilian resident population was
used. Population data from those States where diseases were not
notifiable or not available were excluded from rate calculation.
SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control: Final 1988 reports of notifiable
diseases, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 37(54). Public
Health Service, Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 1989, in press; Division of
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Center for Prevention Services,
Centers for Disease Control: Selected data.
3AIDS cases by age at diagnosis,sex,race/ethnicity:U.S. 1983-89
Table 42. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, according to age
at diagnosis, sex, and race/ethnicity: United States, 1983-89
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments)
Age at diagnosis, sex, and All
race/ethnicity years1,2/ 1983 1984 1985 1986
Number, by year of report
Total3/......................... 106270 2066 4445 8205 13167
Male
All males, 13 years and over3/.. 95231 1891 4118 7551 12011
White, not Hispanic............. 58462 1138 2611 4806 7545
Black, not Hispanic............. 23648 479 947 1718 2765
Hispanic........................ 12192 268 538 972 1592
13-19 years..................... 317 5 17 29 42
20-29 years..................... 19105 392 845 1482 2486
30-39 years..................... 44680 883 1986 3612 5668
40-49 years..................... 21201 432 897 1665 2567
50-59 years..................... 7264 154 306 600 921
60 years and over............... 2664 25 67 163 327
Female
All females, 13 years and over3/ 9266 141 277 525 970
White, not Hispanic............. 2668 34 79 143 272
Black, not Hispanic............. 5045 67 141 284 523
Hispanic........................ 1449 38 57 94 162
13-19 years..................... 76 3 4 4 12
20-29 years..................... 2553 57 94 175 279
30-39 years..................... 4376 51 130 233 447
40-49 years..................... 1259 14 25 49 129
50-59 years..................... 463 11 8 27 47
60 years and over............... 539 5 16 37 56
Children
All children, under 13 years3/.. 1773 34 50 129 186
White, not Hispanic............. 411 7 10 25 43
Black, not Hispanic............. 977 22 28 86 107
Hispanic........................ 369 5 12 18 35
Under 1 year.................... 707 19 33 56 77
1-12 years...................... 1066 15 17 73 109
Age at diagnosis, sex, and All
race/ethnicity 1987 1988 19892/ years1,2/
Percent
distribution
Total3/......................... 21140 30947 25467 ...
Male
All males, 13 years and over3/.. 19137 27313 22442 100.0
White, not Hispanic............. 12352 16256 13305 61.4
Black, not Hispanic............. 4332 7151 6046 24.8
Hispanic........................ 2255 3645 2815 12.8
13-19 years..................... 69 87 66 0.3
20-29 years..................... 3845 5518 4364 20.1
30-39 years..................... 8881 12722 10559 46.9
40-49 years..................... 4290 6125 5063 22.3
50-59 years..................... 1466 2022 1738 7.6
60 years and over............... 586 839 652 2.8
Female
All females, 13 years and over3/ 1684 3064 2553 100.0
White, not Hispanic............. 544 864 723 28.8
Black, not Hispanic............. 896 1663 1438 54.4
Hispanic........................ 230 502 357 15.6
13-19 years..................... 11 24 18 0.8
20-29 years..................... 477 784 665 27.6
30-39 years..................... 751 1512 1231 47.2
40-49 years..................... 233 419 383 13.6
50-59 years..................... 90 146 132 5.0
60 years and over............... 122 179 124 5.8
Children
All children, under 13 years3/.. 319 570 472 100.0
White, not Hispanic............. 86 152 84 23.2
Black, not Hispanic............. 161 302 264 55.1
Hispanic........................ 69 111 117 20.8
Under 1 year.................... 138 193 184 39.9
1-12 years...................... 181 377 288 60.1
1/Includes cases prior to 1983.
2/Data are as of September 30, 1989, and reflect reporting delays.
3/Includes all other races not shown separately.
NOTES: The AIDS case definition was changed in September 1987 to allow for
the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases and conditions
and to expand the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-associated
diseases reportable as AIDS. Excludes residents of U.S. territiories.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, AIDS
Program.
3Deaths AIDS cases: age at diagnosis,sex,race/ethnicity:U.S.83-89
Table 43. Deaths among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases,
according to age at diagnosis, sex, and race/ethnicity: United
States, 1983-89
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments)
Age at diagnosis, sex, and All
race/ethnicity years1,2/ 1983 1984 1985 1986
Number, by year of death
Total3/.......................... 63159 1416 3231 6314 10705
Male
All males, 13 years and over3/... 56722 1283 2947 5775 9713
White, not Hispanic.............. 34424 727 1802 3568 6068
Black, not Hispanic.............. 14610 372 728 1423 2299
Hispanic......................... 7196 179 394 749 1274
13-19 years...................... 177 3 12 23 32
20-29 years...................... 10795 265 569 1113 1858
30-39 years...................... 25862 586 1348 2649 4459
40-49 years...................... 12975 302 679 1277 2195
50-59 years...................... 4921 114 264 529 819
60 years and over................ 1992 13 75 184 350
Female
All females, 13 years and over3/. 5457 104 237 437 850
White, not Hispanic.............. 1590 23 55 142 241
Black, not Hispanic.............. 2998 56 134 209 458
Hispanic......................... 816 25 47 82 140
13-19 years...................... 46 2 1 5 10
20-29 years...................... 1462 40 89 129 233
30-39 years...................... 2487 35 104 197 393
40-49 years...................... 727 13 22 46 97
50-59 years...................... 300 9 7 18 38
60 years and over................ 435 5 14 42 79
Children
All children, under 13 years3/... 980 29 47 102 142
White, not Hispanic.............. 251 6 9 27 34
Black, not Hispanic.............. 516 20 27 58 77
Hispanic......................... 201 3 11 16 29
Under 1 year..................... 489 17 31 44 68
1-12 years....................... 491 12 16 58 74
All
Age at diagnosis, sex, and 1987 1988 19892/ years1,2/
race/ethnicity
Percent
distribution
Number, by year of death
Total3/.......................... 14150 17119 9488 ...
Male
All males, 13 years and over3/... 12621 15188 8556 100.0
White, not Hispanic.............. 7521 8943 5461 60.7
Black, not Hispanic.............. 3314 4123 2146 25.8
Hispanic......................... 1674 1971 857 12.7
13-19 years...................... 42 37 27 0.3
20-29 years...................... 2399 2877 1593 19.0
30-39 years...................... 5761 6821 3922 45.6
40-49 years...................... 2842 3541 2004 22.9
50-59 years...................... 1064 1323 749 8.7
60 years and over................ 513 589 261 3.5
Female
All females, 13 years and over3/. 1282 1680 796 100.0
White, not Hispanic.............. 400 479 233 29.1
Black, not Hispanic.............. 711 918 473 54.9
Hispanic......................... 163 266 81 15.0
13-19 years...................... 11 11 5 0.8
20-29 years...................... 336 414 198 26.8
30-39 years...................... 567 785 375 45.6
40-49 years...................... 170 250 123 13.3
50-59 years...................... 84 93 46 5.5
60 years and over................ 114 127 49 8.0
Children
All children, under 13 years3/... 247 251 136 100.0
White, not Hispanic.............. 66 67 35 25.6
Black, not Hispanic.............. 121 132 69 52.7
Hispanic......................... 57 49 29 20.5
Under 1 year..................... 116 122 75 49.9
1-12 years....................... 131 129 61 50.1
1/Includes cases prior to 1983.
2/Data are as of September 30, 1989, and reflect reporting delays.
3/Includes all other races not shown separately.
NOTES: The AIDS case definition was changed in September 1987 to allow for
the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseased and conditions
and to expand the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-
associated diseases reportable as AIDS. Excludes residents of
U.S. territories.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases,
AIDS Program.
3AIDS cases:race/ethnicity,transmission cat. person>13:U.S.'83-89
Table 44. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, according to race/
ethnicity, sex, and transmission category for persons 13 years of
age and over: United States, 1983-89
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments)
Race/ethnicity, sex, and All
transmission category years1 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Number, by year of report
Total3/..........................104497 2032 4395 8076 12981 20821
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 64726 1263 2867 5426 8521 13546
Intravenous drug use............. 20590 367 776 1393 2231 3522
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 7250 200 408 595 988 1524
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 1002 11 36 75 123 214
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 1530 85 110 141 220 266
Heterosexual4/................... 3310 23 57 137 334 605
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 2367 16 42 101 231 419
Transfusion...................... 2571 26 52 168 305 630
Undetermined5/................... 3518 57 89 141 259 514
Race/ethnicity
White, not Hispanic.............. 61130 1172 2690 4949 7817 12896
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 47064 927 2160 4047 6219 10045
Intravenous drug use............. 4473 72 147 251 405 815
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 4481 124 265 378 651 976
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 848 10 26 64 113 184
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 3 - 1 - 1 -
Heterosexual4/................... 1006 2 16 32 94 196
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 559 - 9 16 45 101
Transfusion...................... 1918 21 39 130 236 475
Undetermined5/................... 1337 16 36 47 98 205
Black, not Hispanic.............. 28693 546 1088 2002 3288 5228
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 10626 195 402 795 1322 2103
Intravenous drug use............. 11111 182 405 749 1201 1872
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 1946 44 95 145 236 387
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 65 - 5 4 4 12
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 1510 85 109 141 218 263
Heterosexual4/................... 1674 10 23 79 160 306
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 1289 6 17 62 117 238
Transfusion...................... 409 2 10 26 44 93
Undetermined5/................... 1352 28 39 63 103 192
Hispanic......................... 13641 306 595 1066 1754 2485
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 6352 137 289 542 893 1250
Intravenous drug use............. 4900 113 223 385 612 823
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 783 31 47 70 97 148
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 65 1 4 7 5 11
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 10 - - - - 3
Heterosexual4/................... 600 11 18 26 77 100
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 506 10 16 23 69 79
Transfusion...................... 186 2 2 7 19 44
Undetermined5/................... 745 11 12 29 51 106
Sex
Male............................. 95231 1891 4118 7551 12011 19137
Homosexual/bisexual.............. 64726 1263 2867 5426 8521 13546
Intravenous drug use............. 15785 287 605 1110 1755 2685
Homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 7250 200 408 595 988 1524
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 976 11 34 72 119 209
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 1127 73 93 111 164 191
Heterosexual4/................... 914 2 11 23 61 147
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 676 1 10 21 44 109
Transfusion...................... 1607 16 30 109 201 415
Undetermined5/................... 2846 39 70 105 202 420
Female........................... 9266 141 277 525 970 1684
Intravenous drug use............. 4805 80 171 283 476 837
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 26 - 2 3 4 5
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 403 12 17 30 56 75
Heterosexual4/................... 2396 21 46 114 273 458
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 1691 15 32 80 187 310
Transfusion...................... 964 10 22 59 104 215
Undetermined5/................... 672 18 19 36 57 94
Race/ethnicity, sex, and All
transmission category 1988 19892/ years 1984 1988 19892/
Number, by year of report
Percent distribution
Total3/.......................... 30377 24995 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 17911 14670 61.9 65.2 59.0 58.7
Intravenous drug use............. 6819 5341 19.7 17.7 22.4 21.4
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 1946 1519 6.9 9.3 6.4 6.1
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 298 238 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 375 285 1.5 2.5 1.2 1.1
Heterosexual4/................... 1122 1025 3.2 1.3 3.7 4.1
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 817 734 2.3 1.0 2.7 2.9
Transfusion...................... 836 550 2.5 1.2 2.8 2.2
Undetermined5/................... 1070 1367 3.4 2.0 3.5 5.5
Race/ethnicity
White, not Hispanic.............. 17120 14028 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 12903 10393 77.0 80.3 75.4 74.1
Intravenous drug use............. 1483 1265 7.3 5.5 8.7 9.0
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 1132 924 7.3 9.9 6.6 6.6
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 245 199 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 1 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
Heterosexual4/................... 354 311 1.6 0.6 2.1 2.2
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 202 185 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.3
Transfusion...................... 606 407 3.1 1.4 3.5 2.9
Undetermined5/................... 396 529 2.2 1.3 2.3 3.8
Black, not Hispanic.............. 8814 7484 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 3060 2652 37.0 36.9 34.7 35.4
Intravenous drug use............. 3685 2952 38.7 37.2 41.8 39.4
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 577 440 6.8 8.7 6.5 5.9
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 26 14 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 369 278 5.3 10.0 4.2 3.7
Heterosexual4/................... 549 543 5.8 2.1 6.2 7.3
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 434 411 4.5 1.6 4.9 5.5
Transfusion...................... 148 86 1.4 0.9 1.7 1.1
Undetermined5/................... 400 519 4.7 3.6 4.5 6.9
Hispanic......................... 4147 3172 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 1747 1440 46.6 48.6 42.1 45.4
Intravenous drug use............. 1620 1085 35.9 37.5 39.1 34.2
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 232 141 5.7 7.9 5.6 4.4
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 22 15 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 3 3 0.1 - 0.1 0.1
Heterosexual4/................... 205 161 4.4 3.0 4.9 5.1
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 173 134 3.7 2.7 4.2 4.2
Transfusion...................... 64 48 1.4 0.3 1.5 1.5
Undetermined5/................... 254 279 5.5 2.0 6.1 8.8
Sex
Male............................. 27313 22442 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Homosexual/bisexual.............. 17911 14670 68.0 69.6 65.6 65.4
Intravenous drug use............. 5204 4025 16.6 14.7 19.1 17.9
Homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 1946 1519 7.6 9.9 7.1 6.8
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 293 231 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.0
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 266 190 1.2 2.3 1.0 0.8
Heterosexual4/................... 318 352 1.0 0.3 1.2 1.6
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 228 263 0.7 0.2 0.8 1.2
Transfusion...................... 506 329 1.7 0.7 1.9 1.5
Undetermined5/................... 869 1126 3.0 1.7 3.2 5.0
Female........................... 3064 2553 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Intravenous drug use............. 1615 1316 51.9 61.7 52.7 51.5
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 5 7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.3
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 109 95 4.3 6.1 3.6 3.7
Heterosexual4/................... 804 673 25.9 16.6 26.2 26.4
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 589 471 18.2 11.6 19.2 18.4
Transfusion...................... 330 221 10.4 7.9 10.8 8.7
Undetermined5/................... 201 241 7.3 6.9 6.6 9.4
1/Includes cases prior to 1983.
2/Data are as of September 30, 1989, and reflect reporting delays.
3/Includes all other races not shown separately.
4/Includes persons who have had heterosexual contact with a person with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or at risk of HIV infection.
5/Includes persons for whom risk information is incomplete (because of death,
refusal to be interviewed, or loss to followup), persons still under
investigation, men reported only to have had heterosexual contact with
prostitutes, and interviewed persons for whom no specific risk is identified.
NOTES: The AIDS case definition was changed in September 1987 to allow for
the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases and conditions
and to expand the spectrum of HIV-associated diseases reportable as
AIDS. Excludes residents of U.S. territories.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases,
AIDS Program.
3Deaths AIDS cases:race/ethnicity,transmission cat. age>13:'83-89
Table 45. Deaths among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases,
according to race/ethnicity, sex, and transmission category for
persons 13 years of age and over: United States, 1983-89
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments)
Race/ethnicity, sex, and All
transmission category years1 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Number, by year of death
Total3/.......................... 62179 1387 3184 6212 10563 13903
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 38366 823 1972 3966 6774 8361
Intravenous drug use............. 12144 275 621 1164 1909 2863
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 4527 134 307 468 790 1018
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 628 9 24 72 100 149
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 873 73 79 105 138 179
Heterosexual4/................... 1806 15 42 119 248 405
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 1283 10 35 82 171 290
Transfusion...................... 1871 18 64 184 341 488
Undetermined5/................... 1964 40 75 134 263 440
Race/ethnicity
White, not Hispanic.............. 36014 750 1857 3710 6309 7921
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 27605 582 1453 2923 4946 5947
Intravenous drug use............. 2474 63 104 218 338 591
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 2726 73 189 289 502 612
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 541 8 21 59 88 128
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... - - - - - -
Heterosexual4/................... 511 2 5 30 76 109
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 273 - 4 10 38 60
Transfusion...................... 1421 15 51 140 264 373
Undetermined5/................... 736 7 34 51 95 161
Black, not Hispanic.............. 17608 428 862 1632 2757 4025
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 6617 149 296 619 1085 1487
Intravenous drug use............. 6798 135 345 633 1069 1571
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 1263 40 77 124 201 284
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 41 - 1 6 3 13
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 867 73 79 104 138 177
Heterosexual4/................... 966 8 23 63 109 236
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 742 5 18 50 80 182
Transfusion...................... 278 1 10 28 43 75
Undetermined5/................... 778 22 31 55 109 182
Hispanic......................... 8012 204 441 831 1414 1837
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 3767 90 204 401 692 841
Intravenous drug use............. 2827 76 171 308 494 693
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 519 20 40 54 82 118
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 37 1 2 5 9 6
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 5 - - 1 - 2
Heterosexual4/................... 316 5 14 26 60 59
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 263 5 13 22 52 48
Transfusion...................... 125 1 2 10 26 27
Undetermined5/................... 416 11 8 26 51 91
Sex
Male............................. 56722 1283 2947 5775 9713 12621
Homosexual/bisexual.............. 38366 823 1972 3966 6774 8361
Intravenous drug use............. 9374 218 476 933 1477 2212
Homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 4527 134 307 468 790 1018
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 610 9 23 68 97 147
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 637 64 61 87 94 129
Heterosexual4/................... 451 1 6 25 43 97
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 337 - 6 22 32 70
Transfusion...................... 1171 7 43 118 236 295
Undetermined5/................... 1586 27 59 110 202 362
Female........................... 5457 104 237 437 850 1282
Intravenous drug use............. 2770 57 145 231 432 651
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 18 - 1 4 3 2
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 236 9 18 18 44 50
Heterosexual4/................... 1355 14 36 94 205 308
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 946 10 29 60 139 220
Transfusion...................... 700 11 21 66 105 193
Undetermined5/................... 378 13 16 24 61 78
Race/ethnicity, sex, and All
transmission category 1988 19892/ years 1984 1988 19892/
Number, by year of death
Percent distribution
Total3/.......................... 16868 9352 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 10092 5975 61.7 61.9 59.8 63.9
Intravenous drug use............. 3579 1600 19.5 19.5 21.2 17.1
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 1107 641 7.3 9.6 6.6 6.9
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 174 92 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 163 83 1.4 2.5 1.0 0.9
Heterosexual4/................... 601 366 2.9 1.3 3.6 3.9
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 424 263 2.1 1.1 2.5 2.8
Transfusion...................... 535 232 3.0 2.0 3.2 2.5
Undetermined5/................... 617 363 3.2 2.4 3.7 3.9
Race/ethnicity
White, not Hispanic.............. 9422 5694 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 7088 4401 76.7 78.2 75.2 77.3
Intravenous drug use............. 728 405 6.9 5.6 7.7 7.1
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 634 399 7.6 10.2 6.7 7.0
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 154 75 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.3
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... - - - - - -
Heterosexual4/................... 180 107 1.4 0.3 1.9 1.9
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 92 67 0.8 0.2 1.0 1.2
Transfusion...................... 405 168 3.9 2.7 4.3 3.0
Undetermined5/................... 233 139 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.4
Black, not Hispanic.............. 5041 2619 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 1887 1001 37.6 34.3 37.4 38.2
Intravenous drug use............. 2015 962 38.6 40.0 40.0 36.7
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 343 178 7.2 8.9 6.8 6.8
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 9 9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 163 80 4.9 9.2 3.2 3.1
Heterosexual4/................... 309 212 5.5 2.7 6.1 8.1
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 237 166 4.2 2.1 4.7 6.3
Transfusion...................... 81 40 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.5
Undetermined5/................... 234 137 4.4 3.6 4.6 5.2
Hispanic......................... 2237 938 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Male homosexual/bisexual......... 995 500 47.0 46.3 44.5 53.3
Intravenous drug use............. 823 225 35.3 38.8 36.8 24.0
Male homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 124 63 6.5 9.1 5.5 6.7
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 8 6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... - 2 0.1 - - 0.2
Heterosexual4/................... 107 43 3.9 3.2 4.8 4.6
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 92 29 3.3 2.9 4.1 3.1
Transfusion...................... 40 17 1.6 0.5 1.8 1.8
Undetermined5/................... 140 82 5.2 1.8 6.3 8.7
Sex
Male............................. 15188 8556 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Homosexual/bisexual.............. 10092 5975 67.6 66.9 66.4 69.8
Intravenous drug use............. 2734 1226 16.5 16.2 18.0 14.3
Homosexual/bisexual and
intravenous drug use............ 1107 641 8.0 10.4 7.3 7.5
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 168 90 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 111 51 1.1 2.1 0.7 0.6
Heterosexual4/................... 147 128 0.8 0.2 1.0 1.5
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 111 92 0.6 0.2 0.7 1.1
Transfusion...................... 328 142 2.1 1.5 2.2 1.7
Undetermined5/................... 501 303 2.8 2.0 3.3 3.5
Female........................... 1680 796 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Intravenous drug use............. 845 374 50.8 61.2 50.3 47.0
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder.. 6 2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3
Born in Caribbean/African
countries....................... 52 32 4.3 7.6 3.1 4.0
Heterosexual4/................... 454 238 24.8 15.2 27.0 29.9
Sexual contact with intravenous
drug user..................... 313 171 17.3 12.2 18.6 21.5
Transfusion...................... 207 90 12.8 8.9 12.3 11.3
Undetermined5/................... 116 60 6.9 6.8 6.9 7.5
1/Includes cases prior to 1983.
2/Data are as of September 30, 1989, and reflect reporting delays.
3/Includes all other races not shown separately.
4/Includes persons who have had heterosexual contact with a person with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or at risk of HIV, infection.
5/Includes persons for whom risk information is incomplete (because of death,
refusal to be interviewed, or loss to followup), persons still under
investigation, men reported only to have had heterosexual contact with
prostitutes, and interviewed persons for whom no specific risk is identified.
NOTES: The AIDS case definition was changed in September 1987 to allow for
the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases and conditions
to expand the spectrum of HIV-associated diseases reportable
as AIDS. Excludes residents of U.S. territories.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases,
AIDS Program.
3AIDS cases by geographic division and state: U.S. 1983-89
Table 46. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, according to
geographic division and State: United States, 1983-89
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments)
Geographic division All
and State years1,2/ 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Number, by year of report
United States......... 106270 2066 4445 8205 13167 21140
New England........... 4253 57 154 281 530 846
Maine................. 130 - - 11 21 25
New Hampshire......... 124 1 3 4 13 32
Vermont............... 47 - 1 2 6 15
Massachusetts......... 2330 33 87 165 282 455
Rhode Island.......... 266 4 6 12 31 69
Connecticut........... 1356 19 57 87 177 250
Middle Atlantic....... 35266 1039 1959 3155 4863 6136
New York.............. 24800 866 1587 2483 3786 3964
New Jersey............ 7430 136 281 469 770 1512
Pennsylvania.......... 3036 37 91 203 307 660
East North Central.... 7014 61 198 355 833 1407
Ohio.................. 1526 7 30 53 211 335
Indiana............... 607 4 25 27 71 132
Illinois.............. 3196 39 101 190 358 631
Michigan.............. 1305 9 32 61 151 212
Wisconsin............. 380 2 10 24 42 97
West North Central.... 2311 15 45 130 239 474
Minnesota............. 592 4 11 41 95 130
Iowa.................. 152 - 3 12 21 29
Missouri.............. 1134 7 27 51 73 238
North Dakota.......... 16 - - 2 4 1
South Dakota.......... 16 - - 1 2 2
Nebraska.............. 122 1 2 7 10 24
Kansas................ 279 3 2 16 34 50
South Atlantic........ 18799 272 585 1302 2073 3691
Delaware.............. 209 2 4 12 22 39
Maryland.............. 1898 27 54 150 189 457
District of Columbia.. 1881 19 90 177 227 466
Virginia.............. 1283 27 40 108 160 242
West Virginia......... 96 - 5 6 8 22
North Carolina........ 969 8 15 66 83 211
South Carolina........ 610 11 7 38 58 84
Georgia............... 2777 26 56 191 300 512
Florida............... 9076 152 314 554 1026 1658
East South Central.... 1921 10 24 72 165 323
Kentucky.............. 289 4 10 17 32 47
Tennessee............. 699 2 5 18 72 72
Alabama............... 600 3 6 29 33 153
Mississippi........... 333 1 3 8 28 51
West South Central.... 9417 112 315 617 1185 2161
Arkansas.............. 229 - 1 10 30 47
Louisiana............. 1449 18 55 103 165 337
Oklahoma.............. 444 5 9 20 50 107
Texas................. 7295 89 250 484 940 1670
Mountain.............. 2984 33 74 163 333 635
Montana............... 34 - - 1 3 6
Idaho................. 48 - - 4 3 10
Wyoming............... 26 - 1 1 3 1
Colorado.............. 1159 21 38 62 166 226
New Mexico............ 220 1 3 14 21 47
Arizona............... 863 7 20 51 80 218
Utah.................. 222 2 7 17 21 39
Nevada................ 412 2 5 13 36 88
Pacific............... 24305 467 1091 2130 2946 5467
Washington............ 1435 7 59 112 171 331
Oregon................ 636 5 13 34 64 160
California............ 21744 446 1005 1951 2638 4878
Alaska................ 69 1 1 5 16 15
Hawaii................ 421 8 13 28 57 83
12 months
ending
Geographic division All September 30,
and State 1988 19892/ years1 1989
Cases per
Number, by year Percent 100,000
of report distribution population3
United States......... 30947 25467 100.0 13.45
New England........... 1287 1074 4.0 10.80
Maine................. 27 46 0.1 3.97
New Hampshire......... 38 33 0.1 4.11
Vermont............... 11 11 0.0 2.20
Massachusetts......... 712 583 2.2 13.01
Rhode Island.......... 85 59 0.3 8.45
Connecticut........... 414 342 1.3 13.64
Middle Atlantic....... 10293 7285 33.2 26.03
New York.............. 6979 4681 23.3 35.82
New Jersey............ 2458 1741 7.0 28.88
Pennsylvania.......... 856 863 2.9 9.32
East North Central.... 2152 1978 6.6 5.97
Ohio.................. 508 374 1.4 4.51
Indiana............... 80 268 0.6 4.87
Illinois.............. 995 864 3.0 9.67
Michigan.............. 457 379 1.2 5.30
Wisconsin............. 112 93 0.4 2.76
West North Central.... 772 632 2.2 4.71
Minnesota............. 167 141 0.6 4.36
Iowa.................. 42 45 0.1 2.00
Missouri.............. 412 325 1.1 8.54
North Dakota.......... 3 6 0.0 0.87
South Dakota.......... 7 4 0.0 0.83
Nebraska.............. 51 27 0.1 2.72
Kansas................ 90 84 0.3 4.05
South Atlantic........ 5458 5330 17.7 16.16
Delaware.............. 62 68 0.2 11.54
Maryland.............. 544 472 1.8 13.48
District of Columbia.. 504 395 1.8 84.06
Virginia.............. 346 360 1.2 7.07
West Virginia......... 21 34 0.1 2.04
North Carolina........ 278 307 0.9 5.69
South Carolina........ 173 239 0.6 8.01
Georgia............... 827 853 2.6 17.99
Florida............... 2703 2602 8.5 27.46
East South Central.... 760 565 1.8 4.75
Kentucky.............. 91 88 0.3 2.91
Tennessee............. 330 200 0.7 5.17
Alabama............... 213 161 0.6 5.37
Mississippi........... 126 116 0.3 5.65
West South Central.... 2874 2133 8.9 10.34
Arkansas.............. 80 61 0.2 2.96
Louisiana............. 403 368 1.4 10.44
Oklahoma.............. 153 100 0.4 4.52
Texas................. 2238 1604 6.9 12.46
::
Mountain.............. 899 840 2.8 7.84
Montana............... 16 8 0.0 1.54
Idaho................. 11 20 0.0 2.14
Wyoming............... 6 14 0.0 2.71
Colorado.............. 326 315 1.1 11.54
New Mexico............ 59 75 0.2 6.34
Arizona............... 280 206 0.8 7.63
Utah.................. 81 55 0.2 4.93
Nevada................ 120 147 0.4 17.13
Pacific............... 6452 5630 22.9 19.13
Washington............ 356 398 1.4 10.38
Oregon................ 178 180 0.6 7.95
California............ 5794 4913 20.5 22.19
Alaska................ 19 12 0.1 2.57
Hawaii................ 105 127 0.4 14.15
1/Includes cases prior to 1983.
2/Data are as of September 30, 1989, and reflect reporting delays.
3/Resident population as of mid-1988, based on extrapolation from 1980-85
data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
NOTES: The AIDS case definition was changed in September 1987 to allow for
the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases and conditions
and to expand the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-associated
diseases reportable as AIDS. Excludes residents of U.S. territories.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases,
AIDS Program.
3Deaths among AIDS cases by geographic division/state:U.S.'83-89
Table 47. Deaths among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases,
according to geographic division and State: United States, 1983-89
(Data are based on reporting by State health departments)
Geographic division All
and State years1, 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Number, by year of death
Geographic division All
and State years1, 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Number, by year of death
United States........... 63159 1416 3231 6314 10705 14150
New England............. 2215 45 101 216 364 488
Maine................... 61 - - 7 14 10
New Hampshire........... 72 1 - 6 13 14
Vermont................. 21 1 1 1 6 5
Massachusetts........... 1172 30 54 110 171 249
Rhode Island............ 145 2 5 7 21 42
Connecticut............. 744 11 41 85 139 168
Middle Atlantic......... 21298 749 1465 2535 3943 4975
New York................ 14793 615 1147 1966 2853 3469
New Jersey.............. 4609 104 232 415 785 1079
Pennsylvania............ 1896 30 86 154 305 427
East North Central...... 4084 43 132 313 587 852
Ohio.................... 851 9 32 62 127 186
Indiana................. 356 6 13 21 57 79
Illinois................ 1892 21 63 154 273 368
Michigan................ 769 5 16 59 95 167
Wisconsin............... 216 2 8 17 35 52
West North Central...... 1279 6 33 100 207 286
Minnesota............... 311 2 8 27 61 76
Iowa.................... 76 1 2 7 15 17
Missouri................ 626 2 18 47 88 128
North Dakota............ 9 - - 2 2 2
South Dakota............ 9 - - 1 3 1
Nebraska................ 80 1 2 4 12 16
Kansas.................. 168 - 3 12 26 46
South Atlantic.......... 11013 188 440 960 1637 2420
Delaware................ 121 - 2 6 20 30
Maryland................ 1126 13 51 111 165 261
District of Columbia.... 1136 13 41 130 198 233
Virginia................ 765 20 25 78 135 182
West Virginia........... 60 - 4 7 8 11
North Carolina.......... 509 5 24 44 83 108
South Carolina.......... 322 1 13 30 43 77
Georgia................. 1592 17 55 127 215 337
Florida................. 5382 119 225 427 770 1181
East South Central...... 1029 11 24 75 143 233
Kentucky................ 176 5 10 13 23 34
Tennessee............... 381 3 6 27 64 84
Alabama................. 332 3 6 27 34 79
Mississippi............. 140 - 2 8 22 36
West South Central...... 5779 77 217 506 971 1443
Arkansas................ 139 1 - 8 20 30
Louisiana............... 889 13 29 95 137 209
Oklahoma................ 250 1 11 12 39 64
Texas................... 4501 62 177 391 775 1140
Mountain................ 1669 18 62 131 277 371
Montana................. 16 - - 1 2 5
Idaho................... 26 - - 1 3 6
Wyoming................. 13 - 1 2 1 3
Colorado................ 649 10 40 57 111 143
New Mexico.............. 126 - 1 7 22 24
Arizona................. 462 4 12 38 86 100
Utah.................... 136 1 3 12 25 31
Nevada.................. 241 3 5 13 27 59
Pacific................. 14793 279 757 1478 2576 3082
Washington.............. 771 8 31 81 127 176
Oregon.................. 354 2 9 22 68 74
California.............. 13401 267 709 1336 2342 2777
Alaska.................. 25 1 - 6 7 3
Hawaii.................. 242 1 8 33 32 52
All
Geographic division 1988 19892/ years1,2/
and State
Number, by year Percent
of death distribution
United States........... 17119 9488 100.0
New England............. 618 338 3.5
Maine................... 19 11 0.1
New Hampshire........... 24 12 0.1
Vermont................. 5 2 0.0
Massachusetts........... 343 198 1.9
Rhode Island............ 42 26 0.2
Connecticut............. 185 89 1.2
Middle Atlantic......... 5481 1747 33.7
New York................ 3762 668 23.4
New Jersey.............. 1185 737 7.3
Pennsylvania............ 534 342 3.0
East North Central...... 1228 894 6.5
Ohio.................... 254 174 1.3
Indiana................. 105 71 0.6
Illinois................ 583 409 3.0
Michigan................ 228 197 1.2
Wisconsin............... 58 43 0.3
West North Central...... 370 272 2.0
Minnesota............... 83 52 0.5
Iowa.................... 19 14 0.1
Missouri................ 190 151 1.0
North Dakota............ 2 1 0.0
South Dakota............ 3 1 0.0
Nebraska................ 30 15 0.1
Kansas.................. 43 38 0.3
South Atlantic.......... 3121 2148 17.4
Delaware................ 30 31 0.2
Maryland................ 315 203 1.8
District of Columbia.... 298 213 1.8
Virginia................ 219 104 1.2
West Virginia........... 12 18 0.1
North Carolina.......... 140 104 0.8
South Carolina.......... 107 48 0.5
Georgia................. 482 345 2.5
Florida................. 1518 1082 8.5
East South Central...... 327 210 1.6
Kentucky................ 49 40 0.3
Tennessee............... 118 78 0.6
Alabama................. 106 76 0.5
Mississippi............. 54 16 0.2
West South Central...... 1679 860 9.1
Arkansas................ 50 30 0.2
Louisiana............... 247 151 1.4
Oklahoma................ 82 41 0.4
Texas................... 1300 638 7.1
Mountain................ 472 329 2.6
Montana................. 6 2 0.0
Idaho................... 11 5 0.0
Wyoming................. 1 5 0.0
Colorado................ 178 107 1.0
New Mexico.............. 32 38 0.2
Arizona................. 137 82 0.7
Utah.................... 40 24 0.2
Nevada.................. 67 66 0.4
Pacific................. 3823 2690 23.4
Washington.............. 224 122 1.2
Oregon.................. 111 67 0.6
California.............. 3404 2464 21.2
Alaska.................. 7 - 0.0
Hawaii.................. 77 37 0.4
1/Includes cases prior to 1983.
2/Data are as of September 30, 1989, and reflect reporting delays.
NOTES: The AIDS case definition was changed in September 1987 to allow for
the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases and conditions
and to expand the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-
associated diseases reportable as AIDS. Excludes residents of U.S.
territories.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases,
AIDS Program.
3Age-adjusted cancer incident rate:select sites:sex/race: '73-87
Table 48. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for selected cancer sites,
according to sex and race: Selected years 1973-87
(Data are based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
Program's population-based registries in Atlanta, Detroit, Seattle-Puget
Sound, San Francisco-Oakland, Connecticut, Iowa, New Mexico, Utah, and
Hawaii)
Race, sex, and site 1973 1975 1980 1983 1984
White male Number of new cases per 100,000 population2/
All sites................ 363.8 377.6 404.2 417.2 421.1
Oral cavity and pharynx.. 17.4 18.2 16.8 18.0 16.8
Esophagus................ 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.8
Stomach.................. 14.0 12.5 12.3 10.8 10.9
Colon and rectum......... 54.2 54.9 58.4 60.1 62.7
Colon.................. 34.7 36.0 39.2 41.3 43.1
Rectum................. 19.5 19.0 19.3 18.7 19.6
Pancreas................. 12.7 12.4 11.0 11.3 11.0
Lung and bronchus........ 72.5 75.7 82.1 82.3 84.4
Prostate gland........... 62.4 68.5 78.0 83.3 82.0
Urinary bladder.......... 27.2 28.5 31.2 30.4 32.0
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma... 10.3 11.4 12.5 14.4 15.3
Leukemia................. 14.4 14.1 14.1 14.0 13.5
Black male
All sites................ 437.8 435.5 507.9 526.3 529.8
Oral cavity and pharynx.. 16.5 17.2 23.0 23.4 26.6
Esophagus................ 12.9 17.3 16.3 20.1 17.5
Stomach.................. 25.9 19.8 21.4 22.1 17.4
Colon and rectum......... 42.4 46.8 63.5 60.6 54.9
Colon.................. 31.3 33.9 46.0 46.0 42.0
Rectum................. 11.0 12.9 17.5 14.6 12.9
Pancreas................. 15.7 15.4 17.6 18.6 15.1
Lung and bronchus........ 104.4 100.7 130.7 129.4 139.0
Prostate gland........... 105.1 110.7 125.5 131.0 136.4
Urinary bladder.......... 10.7 13.6 14.5 15.1 15.5
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma... 9.0 7.1 9.3 9.0 11.0
Leukemia................. 12.0 12.4 12.8 12.0 10.1
White female
All sites................ 293.8 308.8 308.5 321.8 330.1
Colon and rectum......... 41.6 42.9 44.5 43.9 44.5
Colon.................. 30.2 30.9 32.7 32.5 32.1
Rectum................. 11.4 12.0 11.7 11.4 12.3
Pancreas................. 7.5 7.1 7.3 8.1 8.4
Lung and bronchus........ 17.9 21.9 28.3 34.4 34.9
Melanoma of skin......... 5.8 6.8 8.9 9.0 8.8
Breast................... 83.8 89.0 86.7 95.2 99.5
Cervix uteri............. 12.7 11.1 9.0 8.0 8.3
Corpus uteri............. 29.4 33.5 25.2 24.6 23.9
Ovary.................... 14.6 14.4 14.0 14.0 14.7
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma... 7.5 8.4 9.1 10.0 10.9
Black female
All sites................ 279.0 292.5 302.6 317.0 321.3
Colon and rectum......... 40.6 42.9 49.3 49.1 47.4
Colon.................. 29.2 32.3 40.8 36.1 37.6
Rectum................. 11.5 10.5 8.5 13.0 9.8
Pancreas................. 11.5 11.7 12.9 12.3 13.3
Lung and bronchus........ 20.7 20.4 33.9 34.6 39.8
Breast................... 67.8 77.2 73.3 85.7 83.6
Cervix uteri............. 29.5 27.7 19.0 15.0 17.5
Corpus uteri............. 14.8 16.8 14.0 15.8 14.8
Ovary.................... 10.3 10.1 9.9 11.6 9.3
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma... 5.4 4.0 5.9 7.9 6.1
Estimated
annual
percent
Race, sex, and site 1985 1986 1987 change1/
White male Number of new cases per 100,000 population2/
All sites................ 425.1 430.2 441.3 1.2
Oral cavity and pharynx.. 16.4 16.1 16.8 -0.5
Esophagus................ 5.3 5.2 5.5 0.6
Stomach.................. 10.6 10.8 10.4 -1.8
Colon and rectum......... 63.4 61.9 60.5 0.9
Colon.................. 43.2 42.7 41.6 1.4
Rectum................. 20.1 19.2 18.9 -0.1
Pancreas................. 10.7 10.9 10.3 -1.0
Lung and bronchus........ 82.0 81.6 82.3 0.8
Prostate gland........... 85.7 89.1 99.2 2.7
Urinary bladder.......... 30.9 31.9 33.0 1.1
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma... 15.6 16.4 17.8 3.8
Leukemia................. 13.6 13.4 12.5 -0.7
Black male
All sites................ 522.3 518.3 520.1 1.6
Oral cavity and pharynx.. 22.3 24.5 25.7 3.2
Esophagus................ 19.1 21.4 17.3 1.5
Stomach.................. 18.3 18.4 19.8 -0.9
Colon and rectum......... 59.0 58.0 58.5 2.0
Colon.................. 45.5 42.8 44.7 2.3
Rectum................. 13.5 15.3 13.8 1.1
Pancreas................. 19.6 15.9 15.2 0.0
Lung and bronchus........ 129.6 131.3 118.9 2.0
Prostate gland........... 130.2 126.8 136.1 2.0
Urinary bladder.......... 15.9 17.3 16.7 2.3
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma... 9.8 11.0 8.8 2.6
Leukemia................. 12.6 10.0 12.0 -0.4
White female
All sites................ 339.7 336.8 344.0 0.9
Colon and rectum......... 45.7 42.8 40.5 0.1
Colon.................. 33.8 31.9 29.7 0.2
Rectum................. 11.9 10.8 10.9 -0.2
Pancreas................. 8.2 7.8 7.3 0.5
Lung and bronchus........ 35.9 37.5 38.7 5.4
Melanoma of skin......... 9.7 9.8 10.1 3.8
Breast................... 105.7 108.4 115.9 1.8
Cervix uteri............. 7.5 7.9 7.3 -3.6
Corpus uteri............. 23.2 22.3 22.5 -2.8
Ovary.................... 15.0 13.4 14.5 -0.2
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma... 11.1 11.1 10.9 2.7
Black female
All sites................ 323.5 328.6 321.8 1.2
Colon and rectum......... 45.9 47.2 46.7 1.4
Colon.................. 36.1 36.6 36.1 1.9
Rectum................. 9.8 10.6 10.5 0.0
Pancreas................. 11.5 13.2 14.5 1.1
Lung and bronchus........ 40.8 43.2 37.5 5.4
Breast................... 92.9 94.6 90.9 2.0
Cervix uteri............. 16.1 15.5 15.1 -4.6
Corpus uteri............. 14.9 14.0 13.0 -0.4
Ovary.................... 10.2 8.8 10.1 0.1
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma... 6.8 6.6 8.0 4.3
1/The estimated annual percent change has been calculated by fitting a
linear regression model to the natural logarithm of the yearly rates from
1973-87.
2/Age adjusted by the direct method to the 1970 U.S. population.
SOURCE: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 1988
Annual Cancer Statistics Review, Including a Report on the Status of
Cancer Control. NIH Pub. No. 89-2789. U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services. Public Health Service. Bethesda, Md., 1989.
35-year relative cancer survival rate select sites:sex/race'74-86
Table 49. Five-year relative cancer survival rates for selected sites,
according to race and sex: 1974-76, 1977-80, and 1981-86
(Data are based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program's
population-based registries in Atlanta, Detroit, Seattle-Puget Sound,
San Francisco-Oakland, Connecticut, Iowa, New Mexico, Utah, and Hawaii)
All race White
Sex and site 1974-76 1977-80 1981-86 1974-76 1977-80 1981-86
Male Percent of patients
All sites.............. 40.6 42.9 45.1 41.7 44.1 46.6
Oral cavity and pharynx 52.0 50.6 49.0 54.2 53.1 52.0
Esophagus.............. 3.6 4.9 7.1 4.3 5.7 7.5
Stomach................ 13.6 14.8 15.8 12.8 13.8 14.7
Colon.................. 49.3 51.6 56.8 49.7 51.9 57.5
Rectum................. 47.3 48.7 52.0 47.7 49.9 53.1
Pancreas............... 3.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 2.4 2.7
Lung and bronchus...... 11.0 11.7 11.6 10.9 11.9 11.8
Prostate gland......... 66.5 70.6 73.3 67.4 71.7 74.7
Urinary bladder........ 73.4 76.1 79.7 74.2 76.6 80.3
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 46.7 46.0 49.7 47.4 46.6 50.6
Leukemia............... 32.4 34.6 34.3 32.9 35.5 35.3
Female
All sites.............. 56.4 55.4 55.9 57.2 56.2 57.0
Colon.................. 50.4 53.1 55.9 50.5 53.3 56.5
Rectum................. 49.1 50.6 54.9 49.5 51.4 55.6
Pancreas............... 2.3 2.7 3.4 2.3 2.2 3.1
Lung and bronchus...... 15.5 16.2 16.0 15.7 16.2 16.2
Melanoma of skin....... 84.2 86.1 86.5 84.3 86.3 86.6
Breast................. 74.0 74.3 76.6 74.7 75.0 77.5
Cervix uteri........... 68.3 67.3 65.8 69.1 68.2 67.3
Corpus uteri........... 88.2 84.3 82.6 89.0 85.6 84.0
Ovary.................. 36.5 38.0 38.9 36.2 37.4 38.7
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 47.2 50.4 51.9 47.3 50.4 52.2
Black
Sex and site 1974-76 1977-80 1981-86
Male Percent of patients
All sites.............. 31.1 32.4 32.8
Oral cavity and pharynx 30.5 28.8 26.8
Esophagus.............. 2.2 2.9 5.9
Stomach................ 15.6 15.4 17.5
Colon.................. 43.5 46.0 45.9
Rectum................. 34.2 36.7 37.8
Pancreas............... 1.1 3.5 3.2
Lung and bronchus...... 10.8 9.7 9.9
Prostate gland......... 57.7 62.2 62.1
Urinary bladder........ 53.9 60.9 63.2
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 43.5 42.3 41.5
Leukemia............... 31.1 27.7 28.3
Female
All sites.............. 46.5 45.7 44.4
Colon.................. 47.1 49.2 48.7
Rectum................. 48.2 36.9 44.9
Pancreas............... 3.2 6.7 3.8
Lung and bronchus...... 12.6 16.9 13.7
Melanoma of skin....... --- --- *67.5
Breast................. 62.6 62.9 64.3
Cervix uteri........... 62.9 61.9 57.1
Corpus uteri........... 62.2 56.0 55.0
Ovary.................. 40.8 39.4 37.6
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 53.4 56.6 49.4
*Standard error is greater than 10 percentage points.
NOTES: Rates are based on followup of patients through 1986. The rate is the
ratio of the observed survival rate for the patient group to the
expected survival rate for persons in the general population similar
to the patient group with respect to age, sex, race, and calendar year
of observation. It estimates the chance of surviving the effects of
cancer.
SOURCE: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 1988 Annual
Cancer Statistics Review, Including a Report on the Status of Cancer
Control. NIH Pub. No. 89-2789. U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. Bethesda, Md., 1989; National
Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control:
Unpublished data.
3Limitation of activity done by chronic cond.:select chars.'83,88
Table 50. Limitation of activity caused by chronic conditions, according
selected characteristics: United States, 1983 and 1988
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Total with Limited Limited in Unable to
limitation but not in amount or kind carry on
of activity major of major major
activity activity activity
Characteristic 1983 1988 1983 1988 1983 1988 1983 1988
Percent of population
Total1,2/.......... 13.8 13.1 4.1 4.0 6.0 5.3 3.6 3.8
Age
Under 15 years..... 4.8 5.0 1.3 1.2 3.1 3.4 0.4 0.4
Under 5 years.... 2.1 2.2 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.5
5-14 years....... 6.2 6.5 1.8 1.5 4.1 4.7 0.3 0.3
15-44 years........ 8.5 8.4 2.7 2.7 3.9 3.5 1.9 2.2
45-64 years........ 24.3 22.4 5.9 5.5 10.2 8.4 8.2 8.6
65 years and over.. 40.2 37.0 14.8 14.4 15.0 12.1 10.4 10.5
65-74 years...... 37.6 33.9 13.5 12.6 13.3 10.3 10.7 11.1
75 years and over 44.4 41.8 16.8 17.2 17.7 14.9 9.9 9.7
Sex1/
Male............... 13.9 13.2 3.8 3.7 5.6 5.2 4.6 4.3
Female............. 13.6 12.9 4.5 4.3 6.4 5.3 2.7 3.4
Race1/
White.............. 13.4 12.8 4.2 4.0 5.9 5.3 3.3 3.5
Black.............. 17.5 16.3 3.8 3.8 7.5 5.9 6.2 6.6
Family income1,3/
Less than $10,000.. 23.0 23.2 5.4 5.4 9.6 8.6 8.0 9.1
$10,000-$14,999.... 16.6 15.4 4.5 4.2 6.8 6.2 5.2 5.0
$15,000-$19,999.... 14.4 13.1 4.3 4.0 6.6 5.3 3.5 3.7
$20,000-$34,999.... 11.0 10.7 3.7 3.5 5.1 4.6 2.1 2.6
$35,000 or more.... 9.4 8.1 3.7 3.0 4.1 3.6 1.6 1.4
Geographic region1/
Northeast.......... 13.0 11.5 4.0 3.8 5.4 4.2 3.6 3.4
Midwest............ 13.1 13.2 3.9 3.9 5.9 5.8 3.2 3.5
South.............. 14.7 14.2 4.1 4.2 6.7 5.7 3.9 4.3
West............... 14.2 12.8 4.7 3.9 5.8 5.1 3.7 3.7
Location of residence1/
Within MSA......... 13.5 12.6 4.1 3.9 5.9 5.0 3.5 3.7
Outside MSA........ 14.4 14.9 4.2 4.2 6.4 6.4 3.8 4.3
1/Age adjusted.
2/Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown family income
3/Family income categories for 1983. Income categories for 1988 are: less
than $13,000; $13,000-$18,999; $19,000-$24,999; $25,000-$44,999; and
$45,000 or more.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Heal
Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.
3Disability days & incidence associated w/acute cond.by age'83-88
Table 51. Disability days associated with acute conditions and incidence
of acute conditions, according to age: United States, 1983-88
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Age 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
Restricted-activity days Number per person
All ages1/................... 7.2 7.4 6.8 7.7 6.8 7.1
Under 15 years............... 8.2 7.9 6.9 8.2 7.5 8.1
Under 5 years.............. 9.5 8.8 7.5 9.0 9.4 9.7
5-14 years................. 7.5 7.4 6.7 7.8 6.6 7.2
15-44 years.................. 6.6 7.1 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.7
45-64 years.................. 6.3 6.6 6.0 7.0 6.1 5.8
65 years and over............ 9.2 9.1 9.6 10.2 8.0 8.2
65-74 years................ 8.7 8.3 8.9 10.2 8.2 7.3
75 years and over.......... 10.1 10.2 10.9 10.1 7.7 9.6
Bed-disability days2/
All ages1/................... 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.0 3.1
Under 15 years............... 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.9
Under 5 years.............. 4.7 3.8 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.9
5-14 years................. 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.8 2.8 3.4
15-44 years.................. 3.0 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.8
45-64 years.................. 2.8 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.6 2.4
65 years and over............ 4.5 3.9 3.9 4.6 3.4 3.4
65-74 years................ 4.4 3.7 2.8 3.9 3.7 3.1
75 years and over.......... 4.7 4.3 5.7 5.5 3.0 4.0
Incidence of acute
conditions3/ Number per 100 persons
All ages1/................... 182.9 184.9 183.1 189.5 180.8 184.8
Under 15 years............... 288.1 289.3 280.0 302.7 281.7 296.5
Under 5 years.............. 354.5 345.1 334.6 360.4 358.9 362.8
5-14 years................. 252.8 259.2 250.9 271.7 240.4 261.3
15-44 years.................. 165.1 172.2 170.1 180.5 168.7 162.6
45-64 years.................. 109.3 104.4 112.9 125.1 101.4 107.9
65 years and over............ 100.9 98.8 98.4 119.5 100.4 108.9
65-74 years................ 103.1 97.4 98.9 118.2 94.8 107.8
75 years and over.......... 97.3 101.0 97.7 121.5 109.4 110.6
1/Age adjusted.
2/A subset of restricted-activity days.
3/Excludes conditions involving neither medical attention nor activity
restriction.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for
Health Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview
Survey.
3Self-assessment of health by select characteristics:U.S. '83-87
Table 52. Self-assessment of health, according to selected characteristics
United States, 1983 and 1988
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Excellent Very good Good Fair
or poor
Characteristic Total 1983 1988 1983 1988 1983 1988 1983 1988
Percent distribution
Total1,2/.......... 100.0 40.7 40.2 25.4 27.7 23.2 22.7 10.7 9.4
Age
Under 15 years..... 100.0 53.3 53.3 24.9 26.6 18.8 17.4 3.0 2.7
Under 5 years.... 100.0 54.0 53.9 25.1 26.2 18.0 16.4 2.9 3.4
5-14 years....... 100.0 52.9 53.0 24.8 26.7 19.3 17.9 3.1 2.4
15-44 years........ 100.0 44.7 42.6 27.9 30.5 21.5 21.4 6.0 5.5
45-64 years........ 100.0 26.6 28.2 24.0 26.5 29.3 28.2 20.1 17.1
65 years and over.. 100.0 16.6 16.3 19.2 21.5 30.8 32.8 33.3 29.4
65-74 years...... 100.0 16.9 17.5 19.1 22.8 31.7 33.1 32.3 26.6
75 years and over 100.0 16.2 14.5 19.4 19.5 29.4 32.2 34.9 33.8
Sex1/
Male............... 100.0 43.0 42.2 25.0 27.5 21.8 21.4 10.2 8.9
Female............. 100.0 38.6 38.3 25.7 27.8 24.6 24.0 11.1 9.9
Race1/
White.............. 100.0 42.6 41.8 25.8 28.4 22.1 21.4 9.6 8.5
Black.............. 100.0 28.5 30.1 21.8 23.3 30.0 30.2 19.7 16.4
Family income1,3/
Less than $10,000.. 100.0 29.1 27.9 22.1 24.1 27.6 28.2 21.2 19.8
$10,000-$14,999.... 100.0 34.2 33.6 24.8 27.4 27.2 27.0 13.9 12.0
$15,000-$19,999.... 100.0 37.0 37.4 26.9 29.5 25.7 24.1 10.5 9.0
$20,000-$34,999.... 100.0 43.7 42.7 27.4 29.1 22.0 21.7 6.9 6.5
$35,000 or more.... 100.0 53.1 52.6 26.2 27.2 16.1 16.2 4.7 4.0
Geographic region1/
Northeast.......... 100.0 41.7 41.2 26.5 29.8 22.7 21.1 9.1 7.8
Midwest............ 100.0 40.9 41.4 26.5 28.2 22.9 21.8 9.7 8.6
South.............. 100.0 38.3 37.5 24.0 25.9 24.7 25.1 13.1 11.5
West............... 100.0 43.5 42.1 25.0 27.9 22.0 21.6 9.5 8.4
Location of residence1/
Within MSA......... 100.0 41.5 41.4 25.8 27.6 22.7 22.2 10.0 9.0
Outside MSA........ 100.0 39.1 36.2 24.4 28.1 24.6 24.8 12.0 11.0
1/Age adjusted.
2/Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown family income.
3/Family income categories for 1983. Income categories for 1988 are: less
than $13,000; $13,000-$18,999; $19,000-$24,999; $25,000-$44,999; and
$45,000 or more.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.
3Current cigarette smoking age>18 by sex/race/age:U.S. 1965-87
Table 53. Current cigarette smoking by persons 18 years of age and over,
according to sex, race, and age: United States, selected years
1965-87
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Sex, race, and age 1965 1974 1979 1983 1985 1987
All persons Percent of persons 18 years of age
and over
18 years and over, age adjusted... 42.3 37.2 33.5 32.2 30.0 28.7
18 years and over, crude.......... 42.4 37.1 33.5 32.1 30.1 28.8
All males
18 years and over, age adjusted... 51.6 42.9 37.2 34.7 32.1 31.0
18 years and over, crude.......... 51.9 43.1 37.5 35.1 32.6 31.2
18-24 years....................... 54.1 42.1 35.0 32.9 28.0 28.2
25-34 years....................... 60.7 50.5 43.9 38.8 38.2 34.8
35-44 years....................... 58.2 51.0 41.8 41.0 37.6 36.6
45-64 years....................... 51.9 42.6 39.3 35.9 33.4 33.5
65 years and over................. 28.5 24.8 20.9 22.0 19.6 17.2
White:
18 years and over, age adjusted 50.8 41.7 36.5 34.1 31.3 30.4
18-24 years....................... 53.0 40.8 34.3 32.5 28.4 29.2
25-34 years....................... 60.1 49.5 43.6 38.6 37.3 33.8
35-44 years....................... 57.3 50.1 41.3 40.8 36.6 36.2
45-64 years....................... 51.3 41.2 38.3 35.0 32.1 32.4
65 years and over................. 27.7 24.3 20.5 20.6 18.9 16.0
Black:
18 years and over, age adjusted 59.2 54.0 44.1 41.3 39.9 39.0
18-24 years....................... 62.8 54.9 40.2 34.2 27.2 24.9
25-34 years....................... 68.4 58.5 47.5 39.9 45.6 44.9
35-44 years....................... 67.3 61.5 48.6 45.5 45.0 44.0
45-64 years....................... 57.9 57.8 50.0 44.8 46.1 44.3
65 years and over................. 36.4 29.7 26.2 38.9 27.7 30.3
All females
18 years and over, age adjusted... 34.0 32.5 30.3 29.9 28.2 26.7
18 years and over, crude.......... 33.9 32.1 29.9 29.5 27.9 26.5
18-24 years....................... 38.1 34.1 33.8 35.5 30.4 26.1
25-34 years....................... 43.7 38.8 33.7 32.6 32.0 31.8
35-44 years....................... 43.7 39.8 37.0 33.8 31.5 29.6
45-64 years....................... 32.0 33.4 30.7 31.0 29.9 28.6
65 years and over................. 9.6 12.0 13.2 13.1 13.5 13.7
White:
18 years and over, age adjusted 34.3 32.3 30.6 30.1 28.3 27.2
18-24 years....................... 38.4 34.0 34.5 36.5 31.8 27.8
25-34 years....................... 43.4 38.6 34.1 32.2 32.0 31.9
35-44 years....................... 43.9 39.3 37.2 34.8 31.0 29.2
45-64 years....................... 32.7 33.0 30.6 30.6 29.7 29.0
65 years and over................. 9.8 12.3 13.8 13.2 13.3 13.9
Black:
18 years and over, age adjusted 32.1 35.9 30.8 31.8 30.7 27.2
18-24 years....................... 37.1 35.6 31.8 32.0 23.7 20.4
25-34 years....................... 47.8 42.2 35.2 38.0 36.2 35.8
35-44 years....................... 42.8 46.4 37.7 32.7 40.2 35.3
45-64 years....................... 25.7 38.9 34.2 36.3 33.4 28.4
65 years and over................. 7.1 8.9 8.5 13.1 14.5 11.7
NOTES: A current smoker is a person who has smoked at least 100 cigarettes
and who now smokes; includes occasional smokers. Excludes unknown
smoking status.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey; Data
computed by the Division of Epidemiology and Health Promotion
from data compiled by the Division of Health Interview Statistics.
3Prevalence cigarette smoking age>25 by sex/race/education:'74-87
Table 54. Age-adjusted prevalence of current cigarette smoking by persons 25
years of age and over, according to sex, race, and education:
United States, selected years 1974-87
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Sex, race, and education 1974 1979 1983 1985 1987
Percent of persons 25 years of age and over, age adjusted
All persons1/........... 37.1 33.3 31.7 30.2 29.1
Less than 12 years...... 43.8 41.1 40.8 41.0 40.6
12 years................ 36.4 33.7 33.6 32.1 31.8
13-15 years............. 35.8 33.2 30.3 29.7 27.2
16 or more years........ 27.5 22.8 20.7 18.6 16.7
All males1/............. 43.0 37.6 35.1 32.9 31.5
Less than 12 years...... 52.4 48.1 47.2 46.0 45.7
12 years................ 42.6 39.1 37.4 35.6 35.2
13-15 years............. 41.6 36.5 33.0 33.0 28.4
16 or more years........ 28.6 23.1 21.8 19.7 17.3
White males1/........... 41.9 36.9 34.5 31.9 30.6
Less than 12 years...... 51.6 48.0 47.9 45.2 45.3
12 years................ 42.2 38.6 37.1 34.8 34.6
13-15 years............. 41.4 36.4 32.6 32.3 28.0
16 or more years........ 28.1 22.8 21.1 19.2 17.4
Black males1/........... 53.8 44.9 42.8 42.5 41.9
Less than 12 years...... 58.3 50.1 46.0 51.1 49.4
12 years................ *51.2 48.4 47.2 41.9 43.6
13-15 years............. *45.7 39.3 44.7 42.3 32.4
16 or more years........ *41.8 *37.9 *31.3 *32.0 20.9
All females1/........... 32.2 29.6 28.8 27.8 26.9
Less than 12 years...... 36.8 35.0 35.3 36.7 36.1
12 years................ 32.5 29.9 30.9 29.6 29.2
13-15 years............. 30.2 30.0 27.5 26.7 26.0
16 or more years........ 26.1 22.5 19.2 17.4 16.1
White females1/......... 31.9 29.8 28.8 27.6 27.0
Less than 12 years...... 37.0 36.1 35.5 37.1 37.0
12 years................ 32.1 29.9 30.9 29.4 29.4
13-15 years............. 30.5 30.6 28.0 27.1 26.2
16 or more years........ 25.8 21.9 18.9 16.8 16.4
Black females1/......... 35.9 30.6 31.8 32.1 28.6
Less than 12 years...... 36.4 31.9 36.9 39.2 35.0
12 years................ 41.9 33.0 35.2 32.3 28.1
13-15 years............. 33.2 *28.8 26.5 23.7 27.2
16 or more years........ *35.2 *43.4 *38.7 27.5 19.5
1/Includes unknown education.
*For age groups where percent smoking was 0 or 100 the age-adjustment
procedure was modified to substitute the percent from the next lower
education group. These age-adjusted percents should be considered
unreliable because of small sample size.
NOTES: A current smoker is a person who has smoked at least 100 cigarettes
and who now smokes; includes occusional smokers. Excludes unknown
smoking status.
SOURCE: Data computed by the Division of Epidemiology and Health Promotion,
National Center for Health Statistics from data compiled by the
Division of Health Interview Statistics.
3Use select substances past month age 12-25 by age/sex:U.S.'74-88
Table 55. Use of selected substances in the past month by youths 12-17
years of age and young adults 18-25 years of age, according to
age and sex: United States, selected years 1974-88
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the population
12 years of age and over in the coterminous United States)
Substance, age, and sex 1974 1976 1977 1979 1982 1985 1988
Cigarettes Percent of population
Both sexes:
12-17 years.......... 25 23 22 (1/) 15 15 12
12-13 years........ 13 11 10 (1/) 6 3
14-15 years........ 25 20 22 (1/) 10 14 11
16-17 years........ 38 39 35 (1/) 30 25 20
18-25 years.......... 49 49 47 (1/) 40 37 35
Male:
12-17 years.......... 27 21 23 (1/) 16 16 12
18-25 years.......... 50 48 50 (1/) 37 38 36
Female:
12-17 years.......... 24 26 22 (1/) 13 15 11
18-25 years.......... 47 51 44 (1/) 42 35 35
Alcohol2/
Both sexes:
12-17 years.......... 34 32 31 37 27 31 25
12-13 years........ 19 19 13 20 10 11 6
14-15 years........ 32 31 28 36 23 35 23
16-17 years........ 51 47 52 55 45 46 42
18-25 years.......... 69 69 70 76 68 71 65
Male:
12-17 years.......... 39 36 37 39 27 34 27
18-25 years.......... --- 79 82 84 75 78 75
Female:
12-17 years.......... 29 29 25 36 27 28 23
18-25 years.......... --- 58 59 68 61 64 57
Marijuana
Both sexes:
12-17 years.......... 12 12 17 17 12 12 6
12-13 years........ *2 *3 *4 4 *2 *4 1
14-15 years........ 12 13 16 17 8 11 5
16-17 years........ 20 21 30 28 23 21 12
18-25 years.......... 25 25 27 35 27 22 15
Male:
12-17 years.......... 12 14 20 19 13 13 6
18-25 years.......... --- 31 35 45 36 27 20
Female:
12-17 years.......... 11 11 13 14 10 11 7
18-25 years.......... --- 19 20 26 19 17 11
Cocaine3/
Both sexes:
12-17 years.......... *1.0 *1.0 *0.8 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.1
18-25 years.......... 3.1 2.0 3.7 9.3 6.8 7.6 4.5
Male:
12-17 years.......... --- --- --- --- 1.8 2.0 0.9
18-25 years.......... --- --- --- --- 9.1 9.0 6.0
Female:
12-17 years.......... --- --- --- --- *1.5 *1.0 1.4
18-25 years.......... --- --- --- --- 4.7 6.3 3.0
1/Data not comparable because definitions differ.
2/In 1979, 1982, 1985, and 1988, private answer sheets were used for
alcohol questions; in earlier years, respondents answered questions
aloud.
3/The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) provides data on the number of
people admitted to emergency rooms following cocaine use, based on a
nonrandom sample of 562 participating emergency rooms in 21 metropolitan
areas and 78 medical examiner facilities located primarily in 27
metropolitan areas. Between 1985 and 1988 the annual number of cocaine-
related emergency room visits in DAWN hospitals increased sharply from
11,136 to 46,825. Cocaine-related emergency room visits increased from
304 to 1,027 for youths 12-17 years of age and from 3,552 to 14,434 for
young adults 18-25 years of age. (Unpublished data from National
Institute on Drug Abuse, Drug Abuse Warning Network.)
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
SOURCES: National Institute on Drug Abuse: National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse: Main Findings, 1979, by P. M. Fishburne, H. I.
Abelson, and I. Cisin. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 80-976. Alcohol,
Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration. Washington. U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1980; National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse: Main Findings, 1982, by J. D. Miller et al.
DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 83-1263. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental
Health Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing
Office, 1983; National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main
Findings, 1985. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 88-1586. National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings, 1988; Unpublished data.
3Alcohol consumption status age>18 by sex: U.S. select yrs '71-85
Table 56. Alcohol consumption status of persons 18 years of age and over,
according to sex: United States, selected years 1971-85
(Data are based on interviews of samples of the noninstitutionalized
population)
Sex and
alcohol consumption 1971 1973 1974 1975 1976 1979 1983 1985
Both sexes Percent of persons
Abstain............ 36 34 36 36 33 33 40 35
Light.............. 34 29 28 31 38 34 29 35
Moderate........... 20 23 28 21 19 24 21 22
Heavier............ 10 14 11 12 10 9 10 8
Male
Abstain............ 30 25 24 27 26 25 28 24
Light.............. 29 24 24 27 33 29 28 33
Moderate........... 26 29 34 26 24 31 28 29
Heavier............ 15 22 18 20 18 14 16 14
Female
Abstain............ 42 42 42 45 39 40 50 45
Light.............. 40 35 32 35 44 38 30 37
Moderate........... 13 17 21 15 15 18 15 15
Heavier............ 5 6 5 4 3 4 4 3
NOTE: Alcohol consumption status is defined in ounces of absolute alcohol
(ethanol) consumed per day as follows: abstain, 0; light, .01-.21;
moderate, .22-.99; and heavier, 1.00 or more.
SOURCES: Clark, W. B., Midanik, L., and Knupfer, G.: Report on the 1979
National Survey. University of California. Contract No. ADM
281-77-0021. Prepared for the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse
and Alcoholism. Rockville, Md., Dec. 1981. 1983 and 1985 data
computed by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism from data compiled by the National Center for Health
Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics.
3Elevated blood pressure age 20-74: race/sex/age:U.S. 60-62,71-80
Table 57. Elevated blood pressure among persons 20-74 years of age,
according to race, sex, and age: United States, 1960-62, 1971-74,
and 1976-80
(Data are based on physical examinations of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
All races White
Sex and age 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80
Percent of population with systolic pressure at least
Both sexes1/ 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure at least 90 mmHg
20-74 years, age adjusted. 37.4 38.4 38.0 36.2 37.3 37.0
20-74 years, crude........ 38.1 38.1 37.2 37.1 37.3 36.5
20-24 years............... 12.9 13.5 16.1 13.1 13.7 16.0
25-34 years............... 16.2 20.0 21.3 15.3 19.2 21.2
35-44 years............... 30.0 32.3 33.1 28.3 29.7 31.0
45-54 years............... 44.4 46.9 47.0 42.4 45.8 45.8
55-64 years............... 62.3 59.4 56.7 60.9 58.4 55.2
65-74 years............... 73.8 70.3 63.1 73.1 69.3 61.9
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 40.8 42.7 43.6 40.0 42.1 43.1
20-74 years, crude........ 41.0 42.0 42.5 40.4 41.6 42.3
20-24 years............... 21.7 20.2 24.7 22.1 20.7 25.6
25-34 years............... 23.3 27.5 31.1 22.3 27.2 31.3
35-44 years............... 37.4 38.1 39.5 37.0 36.0 37.7
45-54 years............... 47.2 52.8 51.8 46.0 53.0 51.8
55-64 years............... 59.3 59.3 58.7 58.2 58.9 57.6
65-74 years............... 65.9 65.4 62.0 65.0 64.0 60.6
Female1/
20-74 years, age adjusted. 34.0 34.3 32.6 32.3 32.6 31.0
20-74 years, crude........ 35.3 34.6 32.3 34.0 33.3 31.0
20-24 years............... 4.2 7.1 7.8 3.8 6.9 6.5
25-34 years............... 9.2 12.7 11.7 8.2 11.2 11.0
35-44 years............... 22.9 26.9 27.1 19.9 23.8 24.6
45-54 years............... 41.8 41.5 42.4 39.0 39.1 40.1
55-64 years............... 65.0 59.5 54.9 63.3 57.9 53.0
65-74 years............... 80.3 74.1 63.9 79.8 73.4 62.9
Percent of population with systolic pressure at least
Both sexes1/ 160 mmHg or diastolic pressure at least 95 mmHg
20-74 years, age adjusted. 18.8 19.3 18.1 17.2 18.0 17.4
20-74 years, crude........ 19.2 19.2 17.6 17.8 18.0 17.0
20-24 years............... 4.3 3.7 4.9 4.3 3.7 5.0
25-34 years............... 5.6 6.8 8.0 4.3 6.1 7.8
35-44 years............... 13.4 15.5 13.9 11.5 13.5 12.4
45-54 years............... 21.4 24.3 25.1 19.1 22.2 24.1
55-64 years............... 31.8 33.2 28.1 30.1 31.6 26.9
65-74 years............... 48.7 40.9 34.5 46.9 39.5 33.9
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 18.8 20.7 20.9 17.4 19.6 20.4
20-74 years, crude........ 19.0 20.2 20.1 17.6 19.3 19.8
20-24 years............... 6.7 5.7 7.4 6.5 5.8 8.0
25-34 years............... 7.8 8.9 12.2 6.1 8.3 12.2
35-44 years............... 16.2 19.1 17.0 14.9 17.2 15.2
45-54 years............... 21.4 26.8 28.2 19.6 25.8 28.4
55-64 years............... 29.3 32.5 31.2 27.4 31.2 29.8
65-74 years............... 40.5 36.4 33.3 38.6 35.1 32.6
Female1/
20-74 years, age adjusted. 18.6 18.0 15.4 16.9 16.3 14.4
20-74 years, crude........ 19.3 18.3 15.2 18.0 16.8 14.5
20-24 years............... 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.7 2.0
25-34 years............... 3.4 4.8 3.8 2.5 4.0 3.4
35-44 years............... 10.8 12.2 11.0 8.3 10.0 9.7
45-54 years............... 21.5 21.9 22.3 18.7 18.8 20.0
55-64 years............... 34.1 33.9 25.2 32.5 32.0 24.3
65-74 years............... 55.4 44.4 35.4 53.8 42.9 34.9
Black
Sex and age 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80
Percent of population with
systolic pressure at least
Both sexes1/ 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure
at least 90 mmHg
20-74 years, age adjusted. 48.8 49.6 46.6
20-74 years, crude........ 48.7 47.3 43.2
20-24 years............... 13.1 13.7 16.9
25-34 years............... 23.4 28.2 22.8
35-44 years............... 44.0 54.5 47.6
45-54 years............... 60.6 57.4 58.2
55-64 years............... 78.9 71.8 70.5
65-74 years............... 85.2 80.0 71.9
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 48.9 51.0 48.5
20-74 years, crude........ 49.6 48.9 45.7
20-24 years............... *18.4 18.6 22.2
25-34 years............... 31.9 33.6 31.7
35-44 years............... 44.2 60.5 52.8
45-54 years............... 56.3 53.3 49.8
55-64 years............... 75.1 67.5 71.8
65-74 years............... *76.8 79.3 69.2
Female1/
20-74 years, age adjusted. 49.0 48.5 45.2
20-74 years, crude........ 47.9 46.1 41.2
20-24 years............... 8.7 9.3 12.2
25-34 years............... 17.3 24.0 15.6
35-44 years............... 43.8 49.9 43.7
45-54 years............... 64.8 61.0 65.6
55-64 years............... 82.8 75.3 69.4
65-74 years............... *92.1 80.6 74.0
Percent of population with
systolic pressure at 160 mmHg
Both sexes1/ or diastolic pressure at
least 95 mmHg
20-74 years, age adjusted. 32.9 32.4 24.6
20-74 years, crude........ 32.6 30.5 22.3
20-24 years............... 5.1 4.5 4.3
25-34 years............... 14.8 13.3 9.3
35-44 years............... 29.0 31.9 24.7
45-54 years............... 39.5 43.7 36.1
55-64 years............... 50.4 52.1 39.3
65-74 years............... 71.9 55.7 36.7
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 32.9 31.8 26.1
20-74 years, crude........ 32.9 30.1 23.9
20-24 years............... *9.7 5.6 4.3
25-34 years............... 21.8 16.1 13.4
35-44 years............... 28.1 36.8 33.9
45-54 years............... 34.6 37.0 27.8
55-64 years............... 50.3 49.5 45.5
65-74 years............... *63.3 50.3 32.3
Female1/
20-74 years, age adjusted. 33.2 33.0 23.5
20-74 years, crude........ 32.3 30.9 21.0
20-24 years............... 1.3 3.5 4.4
25-34 years............... 9.7 11.2 6.0
35-44 years............... 29.8 28.2 17.5
45-54 years............... 44.3 49.4 43.4
55-64 years............... 50.5 54.2 34.2
65-74 years............... *79.0 59.8 40.0
1/Excludes pregnant women.
*Percents based on fewer than 45 persons are considered unreliable. Percent
based on fewer than 25 persons are considered highly unreliable and are not
shown.
NOTE: Percents are based on a single measurement of blood pressure
to provide comparable data across the 3 time periods.
SOURCE: Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for
Health Statistics: Unpublished data.
3Hypertension age 20-74 by race/sex/age:U.S.'60-62,'71-74,'76-80
Table 58. Hypertension among persons 20-74 years of age, according to race,
sex, and age: United States, 1960-62, 1971-74, and 1976-80
(Data are based on physical examinations of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
All races White
Sex and age 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80
Both sexes1/ Percent of population
20-74 years, age adjusted 38.5 40.0 40.6 37.1 38.7 39.4
20-74 years, crude........ 39.0 39.7 39.7 37.9 38.7 38.9
20-24 years.............. 13.4 13.6 16.4 13.3 13.8 16.2
25-34 years............... 17.3 20.6 22.0 16.1 19.5 21.9
35-44 years............... 30.7 33.4 34.5 28.6 30.6 32.3
45-54 years............... 45.5 49.1 50.2 43.4 47.5 48.9
55-64 years............... 63.5 62.5 61.4 61.9 61.2 59.8
65-74 years............... 75.7 73.5 69.7 74.9 72.5 68.5
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 41.4 44.0 45.3 40.6 43.3 44.8
20-74 years, crude........ 41.7 43.3 44.0 41.0 42.8 43.8
20-24 years............... 21.6 20.4 24.7 22.0 20.9 25.6
25-34 years............... 23.5 27.6 31.4 22.5 27.3 31.7
35-44 years............... 37.7 39.1 40.5 37.1 36.6 38.6
45-54 years............... 47.6 55.0 53.6 46.5 54.6 53.5
55-64 years............... 60.3 62.5 61.8 59.1 62.1 60.8
65-74 years.............. 68.8 67.2 67.1 68.1 65.8 65.8
Female1/
20-74 years, age adjusted. 35.5 36.1 36.0 33.4 34.1 34.2
20-74 years, crude........ 36.6 36.5 35.6 34.9 34.9 34.2
20-24 years............... 5.3 7.2 8.3 4.4 6.9 6.8
25-34 years............... 11.2 13.7 12.8 9.7 11.7 12.0
35-44 years............... 24.0 28.2 28.8 20.6 24.9 26.2
45-54 years............... 43.4 43.6 47.1 40.6 40.9 44.5
55-64 years............... 66.4 62.5 61.1 64.4 60.5 59.0
65-74 years............... 81.5 78.3 71.8 80.7 77.5 70.6
Black
Sex and age 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80
Both sexes1/ Percent of population
20-74 years, age adjusted. 51.4 53.5 50.5
20-74 years, crude........ 51.3 51.0 46.7
20-24 years............... 15.6 13.7 18.2
25-34 years............... 26.5 31.3 24.2
35-44 years............... 47.0 58.0 49.6
45-54 years............... 62.2 63.5 64.3
55-64 years............... 82.0 77.7 76.0
65-74 years............... 88.1 83.8 80.7
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 49.7 54.2 50.5
20-74 years, crude........ 50.5 52.1 47.4
20-24 years............... *18.4 18.4 22.2
25-34 years............... 32.4 33.6 32.1
35-44 years............... 46.6 64.7 54.3
45-54 years............... 56.3 61.1 53.3
55-64 years............... 76.2 72.0 73.8
65-74 years............... *76.8 81.5 75.1
Female1/
20-74 years, age adjusted. 53.4 52.9 50.6
20-74 years, crude........ 52.0 50.2 46.1
20-24 years............... 13.3 9.5 14.6
25-34 years............... 22.2 29.6 17.7
35-44 years............... 47.3 52.8 46.0
45-54 years............... 68.1 65.6 73.9
55-64 years............... 87.8 82.5 77.9
65-74 years............... *97.5 85.6 85.0
1/Excludes pregnant women.
*Percents based on fewer than 45 persons are considered unreliable. Percents
based on fewer than 25 persons are considered highly unreliable and are not
shown.
NOTE: A person with hypertension is defined by either having elevated blood
pressure (systolic pressure of at least 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure
of at least 90 mmHg) or taking antihypertensive medication.
Percents are based on a single measurement of blood pressure to
provide comparable data across the 3 time periods. In 1976-80, 31.3
percent of persons 20-74 years of age had hypertension, based on the
average of 3 blood pressure measurements, in contrast to 39.7 percent
when a single measurement is used.
SOURCE: Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Unpublished data.
3Borderline high & high cholesterol lvl age 20-74:U.S.60-62,71-80
Table 59. Borderline high and high serum cholesterol levels among persons
20-74 years of age, according to race, sex, and age: United States,
1960-62, 1971-74, and 1976-80
(Data are based on physical examinations of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
All races White
Sex and age 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80
Both sexes Percent of population with borderline
high serum cholesterol
20-74 years, age adjusted. 32.2 32.3 30.7 32.5 32.4 30.8
20-74 years, crude........ 32.7 32.2 30.3 33.0 32.3 30.4
20-24 years............... 21.5 22.5 22.1 22.7 22.3 22.1
25-34 years............... 32.1 29.4 25.9 32.6 29.7 25.9
35-44 years............... 39.6 35.1 32.3 39.6 35.7 32.9
45-54 years............... 36.6 37.0 34.7 37.1 37.1 34.5
55-64 years............... 29.1 35.2 35.6 28.6 34.7 35.5
65-74 years............... 28.4 32.5 33.5 29.4 32.4 33.3
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 35.2 33.7 31.6 35.6 34.1 31.9
20-74 years, crude........ 35.7 33.5 31.1 36.0 34.0 31.5
20-24 years............... 23.3 19.6 20.4 24.1 19.6 20.7
25-34 years............... 33.7 30.8 28.0 34.1 31.6 28.3
35-44 years............... 40.7 36.0 33.0 39.7 37.0 33.7
45-54 years............... 38.2 38.0 35.2 38.9 38.0 35.5
55-64 years............... 36.3 39.9 37.3 36.7 40.0 37.6
65-74 years............... 35.5 35.8 34.8 37.2 36.3 34.6
Female
20-74 years, age adjusted. 29.5 31.2 30.0 29.8 30.9 29.7
20-74 years, crude........ 30.0 31.0 29.6 30.2 30.7 29.4
20-24 years............... 20.0 25.1 23.7 21.4 24.7 23.6
25-34 years............... 30.7 28.2 23.9 31.1 27.8 23.6
35-44 years............... 38.5 34.3 31.7 39.4 34.5 32.1
45-54 years............... 35.0 36.1 34.2 35.3 36.3 33.5
55-64 years............... 22.3 31.0 34.0 21.0 29.9 33.7
65-74 years............... 22.7 30.0 32.5 23.0 29.5 32.2
Both sexes Percent of population with high serum cholesterol
20-74 years, age adjusted. 33.4 28.7 28.0 34.1 28.7 28.0
20-74 years, crude........ 33.6 28.2 26.8 34.6 28.4 27.2
20-24 years............... 9.4 8.5 6.4 10.0 8.5 6.3
25-34 years............... 15.9 13.7 13.5 16.2 13.5 13.6
35-44 years............... 28.3 25.3 24.1 29.2 25.2 24.4
45-54 years............... 43.1 38.1 38.7 43.5 38.1 38.6
55-64 years............... 56.2 45.1 45.3 58.3 45.3 45.9
65-74 years............... 54.8 47.7 43.0 54.5 47.7 43.6
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 30.0 27.3 26.0 30.6 27.4 26.0
20-74 years, crude........ 30.7 26.8 24.9 31.4 26.9 25.0
20-24 years............... 8.1 7.0 6.2 9.1 7.6 6.1
25-34 years............... 18.6 15.8 15.3 19.5 15.5 15.0
35-44 years............... 33.9 31.8 27.9 35.5 31.8 27.9
45-54 years............... 39.2 37.5 36.9 39.2 38.1 36.5
55-64 years............... 41.6 36.2 36.8 42.3 36.1 37.3
65-74 years............... 38.0 34.7 31.7 37.5 34.4 32.4
Female
20-74 years, age adjusted. 36.4 29.7 29.2 37.0 29.6 29.6
20-74 years, crude........ 36.3 29.6 28.5 37.5 29.8 29.2
20-24 years............... 10.5 9.8 6.6 10.8 9.4 6.5
25-34 years............... 13.5 11.7 11.8 13.2 11.5 12.4
35-44 years............... 23.1 19.3 20.7 23.3 18.9 21.1
45-54 years............... 46.9 38.7 40.5 47.6 38.2 40.6
55-64 years............... 70.1 53.1 52.9 73.0 53.7 53.7
65-74 years............... 68.5 57.7 51.6 68.7 57.9 52.1
Black
Sex and age 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80
Both sexes Percent of population with borderline
high serum cholesterol
20-74 years, age adjusted. 29.5 31.5 29.3
20-74 years, crude........ 30.7 31.0 28.4
20-24 years............... 14.7 24.9 21.5
25-34 years............... 25.1 28.5 23.9
35-44 years............... 42.0 29.1 29.1
45-54 years............... 33.6 36.0 33.5
55-64 years............... 34.7 36.7 34.2
65-74 years............... 17.8 33.8 35.3
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 31.1 29.2 27.5
20-74 years, crude........ 33.3 28.7 26.7
20-24 years............... *15.8 19.8 18.9
25-34 years............... 24.5 25.2 22.6
35-44 years............... 49.4 25.4 28.1
45-54 years............... 35.4 38.6 31.8
55-64 years............... 36.3 33.6 29.7
65-74 years............... *14.1 32.0 35.7
Female
20-74 years, age adjusted. 27.8 33.2 30.8
20-74 years, crude........ 28.4 32.9 29.9
20-24 years............... 13.8 29.0 23.5
25-34 years............... 25.5 31.0 25.0
35-44 years............... 35.7 31.9 29.9
45-54 years............... 31.7 33.9 34.9
55-64 years............... *32.9 39.2 38.0
65-74 years............... *20.7 35.2 35.0
Both sexes Percent of population with
high serum cholesterol
20-74 years, age adjusted. 29.1 28.9 26.2
20-74 years, crude........ 28.4 27.2 23.8
20-24 years............... 2.7 6.6 5.2
25-34 years............... 15.8 15.6 13.4
35-44 years............... 21.1 24.6 20.3
45-54 years............... 42.0 39.2 40.5
55-64 years............... 41.8 44.9 41.4
65-74 years............... 60.2 47.8 39.3
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 25.9 26.6 25.7
20-74 years, crude........ 26.7 25.1 23.9
20-24 years............... *- 1.7 2.9
25-34 years............... 13.9 19.4 19.3
35-44 years............... 19.9 28.0 24.5
45-54 years............... 40.8 32.8 40.3
55-64 years............... 39.5 39.2 35.3
65-74 years............... *44.9 38.6 27.2
Female
20-74 years, age adjusted. 31.8 30.8 26.6
20-74 years, crude........ 29.9 28.8 23.7
20-24 years............... 4.7 10.6 7.0
25-34 years............... 17.1 12.7 8.7
35-44 years............... 22.1 22.0 16.9
45-54 years............... 43.3 44.6 40.7
55-64 years............... *44.4 49.4 46.5
65-74 years............... *72.6 54.8 48.4
*Percents based on fewer than 45 persons are considered unreliable. Percents
based on fewer than 25 persons are considered highly unreliable and are not
shown.
NOTES: Borderline high serum cholesterol is defined as greater than or equal
to 200 mg/dl (5.17 mmol/L) but less than or equal to 239 mg/dl
(6.19 mmol/L). High serum cholesterol is defined as greater than or
equal to 240 mg/dl (6.20 mmol/L). Risk levels have been defined by the
National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection,
Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults, Nov. 1987.
(Archives of Internal Medicine: January 1988, 148: 36-69).
3Overweight age 20-74 by race/sex/age:U.S. '60-62, '71-74, '76-80
SOURCE: Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for
Health Statistics: Unpublished data.
Table 60. Overweight persons 20-74 years of age, according to race, sex, and
age: United States, 1960-62, 1971-74, and 1976-80
(Data are based on physical examinations of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
All races White
Sex and age 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80
Both sexes Percent of population
20-74 years, age adjusted. 25.0 25.7 26.2 24.1 24.8 25.1
20-74 years, crude........ 25.5 25.5 25.7 24.6 24.7 24.8
20-24 years............... 11.6 11.3 11.7 11.5 10.9 11.2
25-34 years............... 18.7 20.5 20.2 17.5 19.7 19.4
35-44 years............... 23.5 28.4 27.9 21.4 26.6 26.4
45-54 years............... 29.4 30.0 31.7 28.6 29.1 30.2
55-64 years............... 35.4 32.0 32.8 34.6 31.0 31.9
65-74 years............... 33.5 31.5 32.7 33.8 31.0 31.9
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 23.2 24.1 24.8 23.5 24.3 24.9
20-74 years, crude........ 23.4 24.0 24.2 23.7 24.1 24.4
20-24 years............... 15.5 12.1 12.1 16.1 12.8 12.7
25-34 years............... 21.6 23.6 20.4 21.2 23.6 20.9
35-44 years............... 22.8 29.4 28.9 22.0 28.9 28.2
45-54 years............... 28.1 27.6 31.0 29.0 28.2 30.5
55-64 years............... 26.9 24.8 28.1 28.5 24.9 28.6
65-74 years............... 21.8 23.0 25.2 22.6 23.1 25.8
Female
20-74 years, age adjusted. 26.5 26.9 27.4 24.4 25.0 25.2
20-74 years, crude........ 27.4 27.0 27.1 25.4 25.2 25.1
20-24 years............... 7.9 10.5 11.4 6.7 9.1 9.6
25-34 years............... 15.9 17.6 20.0 13.9 15.9 17.9
35-44 years............... 24.1 27.3 27.0 20.9 24.5 24.8
45-54 years............... 30.7 32.3 32.5 28.2 29.9 29.9
55-64 years............... 43.2 38.5 37.0 40.1 36.6 34.8
65-74 years............... 42.9 38.0 38.5 42.8 37.0 36.5
Black
Sex and age 1960-62 1971-74 1976-80
Both sexes Percent of population
20-74 years, age adjusted. 32.6 35.7 37.7
20-74 years, crude........ 33.4 34.9 35.7
20-24 years............... 11.6 15.8 15.3
25-34 years............... 31.1 29.1 26.3
35-44 years............... 38.0 45.3 40.8
45-54 years............... 34.3 39.4 52.1
55-64 years............... 44.0 43.9 44.2
65-74 years............... 31.5 37.3 46.0
Male
20-74 years, age adjusted. 21.7 25.0 27.5
20-74 years, crude........ 22.5 24.5 25.7
20-24 years............... *8.5 8.2 5.5
25-34 years............... 33.0 26.1 17.5
35-44 years............... 28.6 39.3 40.9
45-54 years............... 20.6 22.4 41.4
55-64 years............... 17.1 25.6 26.0
65-74 years............... *11.7 21.6 26.4
Female
20-74 years, age adjusted. 42.9 44.5 46.1
20-74 years, crude........ 43.0 43.2 43.8
20-24 years............... 14.2 22.5 23.7
25-34 years............... 29.6 31.5 33.5
35-44 years............... 46.1 49.9 40.8
45-54 years............... 47.8 53.5 61.2
55-64 years............... 71.4 58.7 59.4
65-74 years............... *47.8 49.2 60.8
*Based on fewer than 45 persons.
NOTES: Overweight is defined for men as body mass index greater than or equal
to 27.8 kilograms/meter2/, and for women as body mass index greater
than or equal to 27.3 kilograms/meter2/. These cut points were used
because they represent the sex-specific 85th percentiles for persons
20-29 years of age in the 1976-80 National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey. Excludes pregnant women. Height was measured
without shoes; two pounds are deducted from data for 1960-62 to allow
for weight of clothing.
SOURCE: Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Unpublished data.
3Air pollution by source & type of pollutant: U.S. 1970-87
Table 61. Air pollution, according to source and type of pollutant: United
States, selected years 1970-87
(Data are calculated emissions estimates)
Stationary
Type of pollutant All Transport- fuel Industrial Solid
and year sources ation combustion processes waste Other
Particulate matter Emissions in 106/ metric tons per year
1970............... 18.5 1.2 4.6 10.5 1.1 1.1
1975............... 10.6 1.3 2.8 5.2 0.6 0.7
1980............... 8.5 1.3 2.4 3.3 0.4 1.1
1983............... 7.1 1.3 2.0 2.4 0.3 1.1
1984............... 7.4 1.3 2.1 2.8 0.3 0.9
1985............... 7.0 1.4 1.8 2.8 0.3 0.8
1986............... 6.8 1.4 1.8 2.5 0.3 0.8
1987............... 7.0 1.4 1.8 2.5 0.3 1.0
Sulfur oxides
1970............... 28.4 0.6 21.3 6.4 0.0 0.1
1975............... 25.8 0.7 20.2 5.0 0.0 0.0
1980............... 23.4 0.9 18.7 3.8 0.0 0.0
1983............... 20.7 0.8 16.7 3.3 0.0 0.0
1984............... 21.5 0.8 17.4 3.3 0.0 0.0
1985............... 21.1 0.9 17.0 3.2 0.0 0.0
1986............... 20.7 0.9 16.7 3.1 0.0 0.0
1987............... 20.4 0.9 16.4 3.1 0.0 0.0
Nitrogen oxides
1970............... 18.3 7.7 9.1 0.7 0.4 0.3
1975............... 19.2 9.0 9.3 0.7 0.1 0.1
1980............... 20.4 9.3 10.1 0.7 0.1 0.2
1983............... 19.0 8.5 9.6 0.5 0.1 0.2
1984............... 19.7 8.6 10.2 0.6 0.1 0.2
1985............... 19.8 8.8 10.2 0.6 0.1 0.1
1986............... 19.3 8.5 10.0 0.6 0.1 0.1
1987............... 19.5 8.4 10.3 0.6 0.1 0.1
Volatile organic compounds
1970............... 26.2 11.1 1.1 8.9 1.8 3.3
1975............... 22.1 9.2 1.1 8.3 0.9 2.5
1980............... 22.3 7.4 2.2 9.2 0.6 2.9
1983............... 20.4 6.7 2.6 7.9 0.6 2.7
1984............... 21.5 6.8 2.6 8.8 0.6 2.7
1985............... 20.1 6.4 2.3 8.5 0.6 2.2
1986............... 19.3 6.2 2.3 8.1 0.6 2.2
1987............... 19.6 6.0 2.3 8.3 0.6 2.4
Carbon monoxide
1970............... 100.2 73.2 4.4 9.0 6.4 7.2
1975............... 82.2 63.2 4.2 6.9 3.1 4.8
1980............... 77.0 53.5 7.3 6.3 2.2 7.6
1983............... 71.3 49.3 7.9 4.4 1.9 7.7
1984............... 68.7 47.6 8.1 4.8 1.9 6.3
1985............... 64.6 45.5 7.2 4.6 2.0 5.3
1986............... 61.1 42.8 7.2 4.5 1.7 5.0
1987............... 61.4 40.7 7.2 4.7 1.7 7.1
Lead Emissions in 103/ metric tons per year
1970............... 203.8 163.6 9.6 23.9 6.7 ---
1975............... 147.0 122.6 9.3 10.3 4.8 ---
1980............... 70.6 59.4 3.9 3.6 3.7 ---
1983............... 46.3 40.7 0.6 2.4 2.6 ---
1984............... 40.1 34.7 0.5 2.3 2.6 ---
1985............... 21.1 15.5 0.5 2.3 2.8 ---
1986............... 8.6 3.5 0.5 1.9 2.7 ---
1987............... 8.1 3.0 0.5 2.0 2.6 ---
NOTE: Because of modifications in methodology and use of more refined emission
factors, data from this table should not be compared with data in
previous editions of Health, United States.
SOURCE: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Technical Support
Division, National Air Data Branch: National Air Pollutant Emission
Estimates, 1940-1987. EPA-450/4-88-022. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Research Triangle Park, N.C., Mar. 1989.
3Employee w/potential exposure-continuous noise:by facility'73,82
Table 62. Employees with potential exposure to continuous noise without
controls in selected industries, according to size of facility:
United States, 1972-74 and 1981-83
(Data are based on interviews of a sample of nonagricultural businesses)
All facilities 8-99 employees
Industry 1972-74 1981-83 1972-74 1981-83
Number of employees with potential exposure
All industries.................... 3451828 2543810 935163 976695
General building contractors...... 77526 93120 22783 63862
Heavy construction contractors.... 36697 95661 17706 38848
Special trade contractors......... 70362 171213 38605 151886
Textile mill products............. 51306 101109 20055 21898
Apparel and other textile
products......................... 131850 122264 77077 19896
Lumber and wood products.......... 54135 99913 32468 61981
Paper and allied products......... 175953 77728 38330 19760
Printing and publishing........... 120275 116221 36600 43960
Chemicals and allied products..... 48037 42329 14569 12036
Primary metals industries......... 414976 132726 35585 17135
Fabricated metal products......... 354055 194830 126239 86187
Machinery, except electrical...... 245086 140604 56522 63052
Miscellaneous manufacturing
industries....................... 71039 22038 20442 8793
Transportation by air............. 31352 47441 *946 13034
Auto repair services and garages.. 17861 33820 17301 33114
Miscellaneous repair services..... 24294 4282 4125 2688
Electric and electronic equipment. 90585 72471 4287 12126
Percent of employees with potential exposure
All industries.................... 9.0 7.6 6.1 8.8
General building contractors...... 11.1 10.4 7.6 11.3
Heavy construction contractors.... 6.7 16.1 6.0 13.7
Special trade contractors......... 5.5 10.8 4.1 12.1
Textile mill products............. 22.1 14.2 21.7 20.7
Apparel and other textile
products......................... 14.4 9.8 15.4 4.7
Lumber and wood products.......... 33.9 17.2 39.6 20.4
Paper and allied products......... 30.8 12.4 30.3 14.4
Printing and publishing........... 9.7 9.8 10.5 9.2
Chemicals and allied products..... 5.0 4.6 7.4 6.7
Primary metals industries......... 30.8 12.4 29.5 12.4
Fabricated metal products......... 26.2 13.0 28.3 15.5
Machinery, except electrical...... 15.9 5.9 21.1 10.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing
industries....................... 18.5 4.2 14.7 5.3
Transportation by air............. 6.1 10.5 *3.1 16.8
Auto repair services and garages.. 14.0 8.0 15.7 8.0
Miscellaneous repair services..... 13.2 2.1 2.7 1.5
Electric and electronic equipment. 6.0 3.7 4.3 5.3
100-499 employees 500 or more employees
Industry 1972-74 1981-83 1972-74 1981-83
Number of employees with potential exposure
All industries.................... 1196451 946106 1320214 621008
General building contractors...... 54743 22563 *- *6,693
Heavy construction contractors.... 9057 43385 *9,933 *13,427
Special trade contractors......... 31756 19327 *- ---
Textile mill products............. 25312 46430 *5,938 32780
Apparel and other textile
products......................... 54300 73380 *472 *28,987
Lumber and wood products.......... 14743 29783 *6,923 *8,147
Paper and allied products......... 75073 41214 *62,549 16753
Printing and publishing........... 16805 38081 66869 34179
Chemicals and allied products..... 25749 21281 7718 9011
Primary metals industries......... 88711 55683 290679 59907
Fabricated metal products......... 145497 70147 82318 38495
Machinery, except electrical...... 64348 47989 124215 29562
Miscellaneous manufacturing
industries....................... 32232 13244 *18,364 *-
Transportation by air............. 6665 *30,658 *23,740 3749
Auto repair services and garages.. *560 *706 --- ---
Miscellaneous repair services..... *17,304 *1,593 *2,865 ---
Electric and electronic equipment. 35673 16224 50624 44120
Percent of employees with potential exposure
All industries.................... 10.8 9.6 11.1 5.0
General building contractors...... 14.7 11.4 *- *5.0
Heavy construction contractors.... 3.8 20.9 *67.3 *13.3
Special trade contractors......... 9.5 5.8 *- ---
Textile mill products............. 26.2 13.4 *13.8 12.6
Apparel and other textile
products......................... 14.3 12.0 *1.2 *13.9
Lumber and wood products.......... 28.9 16.2 *26.0 *8.8
Paper and allied products......... 28.3 14.6 *35.0 8.1
Printing and publishing........... 5.4 10.6 11.6 9.9
Chemicals and allied products..... 13.5 8.2 1.3 1.9
Primary metals industries......... 39.9 17.9 28.9 9.6
Fabricated metal products......... 28.1 11.8 21.3 11.0
Machinery, except electrical...... 17.4 7.3 13.8 2.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing
industries....................... 21.2 8.9 *19.7 *-
Transportation by air............. 11.2 *28.0 *5.6 1.4
Auto repair services and garages.. *3.3 *8.6 --- ---
Miscellaneous repair services..... *76.4 *6.5 *28.8 ---
Electric and electronic equipment. 10.7 2.9 4.7 3.7
*Based on fewer than 10 facilities.
SOURCE: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Unpublished
data from the 1972-74 National Occupational Hazard Survey and
1981-83 National Occupational Exposure Survey.
3Health & safety services in manufacturing by facility size'73,82
Table 63. Health and safety services in manufacturing industries,
according to size of facility: United States, 1972-74 and
1981-83
(Data are based on interviews of a sample of nonagricultural businesses)
All facilities 8-99 employees
Health and safety
services available
in facility 1972-74 1981-83 1972-741/ 1981-83
Number in thousands
Employees....................... 38263 33218 15394 11078
Occupational health
and safety practices
Percent of employees
Regularly monitor environmental
conditions2/................... 21.7 48.0 2.5 11.1
Personal protective devices
required in some work areas3/.. 39.2 53.5 32.5 45.9
Employer provides protective
devices........................ 52.5 80.2 41.9 70.4
Medical facilities
and practices
Health unit at the facility..... 31.5 42.7 3.3 3.8
Access to physician or clinic... 70.7 100.0 49.0 100.0
Preemployment medical exams..... 38.5 49.4 12.8 20.0
Periodic medical exams.......... 14.4 30.1 6.0 8.4
Records of employee absenteeism
showing type of illness........ 14.2 4.8 4.7 8.1
100-499 employees 500 or more employees
services available
in facility 1972-74 1981-83 1972-74 1981-83
Number in thousands
Employees....................... 10883 9856 11985 12283
Occupational health
and safety practices Percent of employees
Regularly monitor environmental
conditions2/................... 12.0 43.4 55.5 85.1
Personal protective devices
required in some work areas3/.. 45.9 59.0 41.6 56.0
Employer provides protective
devices........................ 59.8 82.8 59.7 86.8
Medical facilities
and practices
Health unit at the facility..... 18.8 31.7 79.5 86.7
Access to physician or clinic... 76.3 100.0 93.5 100.0
Preemployment medical exams..... 35.0 47.0 74.9 77.9
Periodic medical exams.......... 13.4 26.4 26.1 52.7
Records of employee absenteeism
showing type of illness........ 10.1 3.0 30.4 3.3
1/Includes facilities with less than 8 employees.
2/Monitoring environmental conditions such as presence of fumes, gases, dust,
noise, vibration, radiation.
3/Includes respirators, protective clothing, etc.
SOURCE: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Unpublished
data from the 1972-74 National Occupational Hazard Survey and
1981-83 National Occupational Exposure Survey.
1UTILIZATION OF HEALTH RESOURCES
2Ambulatory Care
3Physicians contacts by place of contact/select chars:U.S.'83.'88
Table 64. Physician contacts, according to place of contact and selected
patient characteristics: United States, 1983 and 1988
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Place of contact
Hospital
Physician Doctor's outpatient
contacts office department1/
Characteristic 1983 1988 Total 1983 1988 1983 1988
Number per
person Percent distribution
Total3,4/............ 5.1 5.3 100.0 56.1 59.3 14.9 12.8
Age
Under 15 years....... 4.6 4.6 100.0 54.7 58.1 13.3 11.7
Under 5 years...... 6.9 7.0 100.0 54.2 58.9 13.2 11.5
5-14 years......... 3.3 3.3 100.0 55.3 57.2 13.4 11.9
15-44 years.......... 4.4 4.7 100.0 54.9 59.4 16.5 13.1
45-64 years.......... 5.8 6.1 100.0 59.0 59.7 15.3 14.1
65 years and over.... 7.6 8.7 100.0 59.2 61.8 12.4 12.4
65-74 years........ 7.3 8.4 100.0 60.7 61.4 14.2 14.0
75 years and over.. 8.2 9.2 100.0 56.9 62.4 9.8 10.0
Sex3/
Male................. 4.4 4.6 100.0 54.8 58.2 17.1 14.7
Female............... 5.7 6.0 100.0 56.8 60.1 13.6 11.8
Race3/
White................ 5.2 5.5 100.0 57.6 60.6 13.4 11.8
Black................ 4.9 4.8 100.0 44.3 49.3 26.8 21.5
Family income3,5/
Less than $10,000.... 5.9 6.2 100.0 49.9 49.4 18.5 19.2
$10,000-$14,999...... 5.0 5.3 100.0 52.3 56.2 17.6 15.1
$15,000-$19,999...... 4.7 5.0 100.0 54.5 58.7 16.7 13.8
$20,000-$34,999...... 5.0 5.5 100.0 59.3 61.7 13.3 10.7
$35,000 or more...... 5.4 5.5 100.0 59.7 62.4 11.6 9.3
Geographic region3/
Northeast............ 4.9 5.0 100.0 58.3 60.8 15.6 15.0
Midwest.............. 5.2 5.4 100.0 53.5 55.7 14.7 12.5
South................ 4.8 5.2 100.0 56.9 62.4 14.5 12.1
West................. 5.4 5.9 100.0 56.0 57.8 15.3 12.6
Location of
residence3/
Within MSA........... 5.2 5.5 100.0 54.9 58.3 15.7 12.8
Outside MSA.......... 4.6 4.9 100.0 59.1 63.4 13.2 13.1
Place of contact
Telephone Home Other2/
Characteristic 1983 1988 1983 1988 1983 1988
Total3,4/............ 15.5 13.7 1.5 1.4 12.0 12.7
Age
Under 15 years....... 20.5 18.2 *0.3 0.9 11.2 11.1
Under 5 years...... 21.0 17.9 *0.5 *1.1 11.1 10.5
5-14 years......... 20.0 18.4 *0.1 *0.7 11.2 11.8
15-44 years.......... 14.3 11.9 0.6 0.8 13.7 14.7
45-64 years.......... 12.5 12.6 1.8 1.3 11.4 12.2
65 years and over.... 11.9 9.9 7.9 5.5 8.7 10.4
65-74 years........ 11.4 10.4 3.4 2.4 10.3 11.7
75 years and over.. 12.7 9.2 14.3 9.9 6.3 8.5
Sex3/
Male................. 13.5 12.3 1.5 1.4 13.2 13.5
Female............... 16.8 14.4 1.5 1.4 11.2 12.4
Race3/
White................ 16.3 14.4 1.5 1.3 11.1 11.9
Black................ 9.7 8.6 1.1 2.3 18.2 18.3
Family income3,5/
Less than $10,000.... 12.4 11.3 1.5 2.1 17.7 18.0
$10,000-$14,999...... 13.0 12.0 2.0 1.1 15.1 15.6
$15,000-$19,999...... 16.4 13.7 1.3 1.6 11.1 12.2
$20,000-$34,999...... 16.2 16.1 0.7 0.8 10.5 10.7
$35,000 or more...... 19.0 15.1 1.1 1.6 8.6 11.6
Geographic region3/
Northeast............ 14.1 12.3 1.8 1.5 10.2 10.4
Midwest.............. 17.2 16.7 1.2 1.8 13.5 13.2
South................ 15.7 12.5 1.9 1.1 11.1 11.9
West................. 14.5 13.2 0.8 1.2 13.3 15.2
Location of
residence3/
Within MSA........... 16.0 14.0 1.3 1.4 12.2 13.5
Outside MSA.......... 14.5 12.5 1.9 1.2 11.4 9.9
1/Includes hospital outpatient clinic, emergency room, and other hospital
contacts.
2/Includes clinics or other places outside a hospital.
3/Age adjusted.
4/Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown family income.
5/Family income categories for 1983. Income categories for 1988 are: less
than $13,000; $13,000-$18,999; $19,000-$24,999; $25,000-$44,999; and
$45,000 or more.
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for
Health Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.
3Interval since last physician contact by patient chars.'64,83,88
Table 65. Interval since last physician contact, according to selected
patient characteristics: United States, 1964, 1983, and 1988
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Less than 1 year
Characteristic Total 1964 1983 1988
Percent distribution
Total2,3/.................. 100.0 66.9 75.2 77.1
Age
Under 15 years............. 100.0 68.4 80.5 82.0
Under 5 years............ 100.0 80.7 92.4 93.2
5-14 years............... 100.0 61.7 74.2 76.1
15-44 years................ 100.0 66.3 70.8 72.2
45-64 years................ 100.0 64.5 73.2 76.1
65 years and over.......... 100.0 69.7 82.1 85.8
65-74 years.............. 100.0 68.8 80.6 84.9
75 years and over........ 100.0 71.3 84.7 87.1
Sex2/
Male....................... 100.0 63.5 70.6 72.3
Female..................... 100.0 69.9 79.4 81.7
Race2/
White...................... 100.0 68.1 75.6 77.6
Black4/.................... 100.0 58.3 74.7 75.8
Family income2,5/
Less than $10,000.......... 100.0 58.6 74.7 76.4
$10,000-$14,999............ 100.0 62.5 72.4 73.9
$15,000-$19,999............ 100.0 66.8 74.0 76.3
$20,000-$34,999............ 100.0 70.2 76.0 78.1
$35,000 or more............ 100.0 73.6 79.0 81.0
Geographic region2/
Northeast.................. 100.0 68.0 77.2 79.6
Midwest.................... 100.0 66.6 75.7 78.1
South...................... 100.0 65.2 73.8 75.5
West....................... 100.0 69.0 75.0 76.5
Location of residence2/
Within MSA................. 100.0 68.2 76.1 77.8
Outside MSA................ 100.0 64.0 73.3 75.0
1 year-less
than 2 years 2 years or more1/
Characteristic 1964 1983 1988 1964 1983 1988
Percent distribution
Total2,3/.................. 14.0 10.9 10.5 19.1 13.9 12.4
Age
Under 15 years............. 14.8 11.0 10.9 16.7 8.5 7.1
Under 5 years............ 11.1 5.6 5.2 8.2 2.0 1.5
5-14 years............... 16.9 13.8 13.9 21.4 12.0 10.0
15-44 years................ 15.0 12.6 12.3 18.7 16.6 15.5
45-64 years................ 13.0 9.9 9.0 22.5 17.0 14.9
65 years and over.......... 9.3 6.0 4.9 21.0 11.9 9.4
65-74 years.............. 9.4 6.6 4.9 21.8 12.8 10.2
75 years and over........ 9.3 5.0 4.8 19.5 10.3 8.0
Sex2/
Male....................... 15.0 12.0 11.8 21.5 17.3 15.9
Female..................... 13.1 9.9 9.3 17.0 10.7 9.0
Race2/
White...................... 13.8 10.6 10.2 18.1 13.8 12.2
Black4/.................... 15.1 12.2 12.0 26.6 13.1 12.2
Family income2,5/
Less than $10,000.......... 13.2 10.5 10.4 28.2 14.8 13.2
$10,000-$14,999............ 14.2 11.3 11.3 23.3 16.3 14.8
$15,000-$19,999............ 14.5 11.4 10.7 18.7 14.6 13.0
$20,000-$34,999............ 14.0 10.8 10.1 15.7 13.3 11.8
$35,000 or more............ 12.9 10.0 9.2 13.5 11.0 9.8
Geographic region2/
Northeast.................. 14.1 10.1 9.3 17.9 12.6 11.2
Midwest.................... 14.2 10.9 9.9 19.2 13.4 11.9
South...................... 13.9 11.7 11.5 20.9 14.5 13.0
West....................... 13.7 10.3 10.6 17.3 14.7 12.9
Location of residence2/
Within MSA................. 14.0 10.6 10.2 17.8 13.3 12.0
Outside MSA................ 14.1 11.5 11.5 21.9 15.1 13.5
1/Includes persons who never visited a physician.
2/Age adjusted.
3/Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown family income.
4/1964 data include all other races.
5/Family income categories for 1983. Income categories in 1964 are: less
than $2,000; $2,000-$3,999; $4,000-$6,999; $7,000-$9,999; and $10,000 or
more; and, in 1988 are: less than $13,000; $13,000-$18,999; $19,000-
$24,999; $25,000-$44,999; and $45,000 or more.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for
Health Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.
3Office visit to physician by specialty/patient chars:U.S.'80,'85
Table 66. Office visits to physicians, according to physician specialty and
selected patient characteristics: United States, 1980 and 1985
(Data are based on reporting by a sample of office-based physicians)
All General and Internal
specialties1/ family practice medicine
Characteristic 1980 1985 1980 1985 1980 1985
Visits per person
Total2/............... 2.63 2.71 0.86 0.81 0.30 0.30
Age
Under 15 years........ 2.21 2.31 0.54 0.58 0.03 0.05
15-44 years........... 2.36 2.28 0.81 0.75 0.20 0.19
45-64 years........... 2.99 3.10 1.08 0.99 0.58 0.49
65 years and over..... 4.22 4.85 1.56 1.41 0.95 1.07
65-74 years......... 4.01 4.54 1.49 1.31 0.89 1.00
75 years and over... 4.58 5.35 1.70 1.57 1.06 1.18
Sex2/
Male.................. 2.25 2.28 0.73 0.68 0.28 0.25
Female................ 2.98 3.11 0.98 0.94 0.33 0.33
Race2/
White................. 2.73 2.84 0.89 0.84 0.31 0.31
All other............. 2.03 1.94 0.70 0.69 0.24 0.21
Obstetrics and General
gynecology Pediatrics surgery
Characteristic 1980 1985 1980 1985 1980 1985
Visits per person
Total2/............... 0.23 0.22 0.37 0.40 0.13 0.12
Age
Under 15 years........ 0.01 0.01 1.20 1.28 0.05 0.03
15-44 years........... 0.48 0.44 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.10
45-64 years........... 0.12 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.21
65 years and over..... 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.30
65-74 years......... 0.06 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.29
75 years and over... 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.32
Sex2/
Male.................. 0.01 0.00 0.39 0.38 0.12 0.11
Female................ 0.44 0.42 0.34 0.42 0.13 0.14
Race2/
White................. 0.23 0.22 0.39 0.43 0.13 0.12
All other............. 0.23 0.18 0.25 0.23 0.08 0.11
1/Includes other specialties not shown separately.
2/Age adjusted.
NOTE: Rates are based on the civilian noninstitutionalized population,
excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
SOURCE: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
3Office visit to physician by select patient chars.:U.S.'80,'85
Table 67. Office visits to physicians, according to selected patient
characteristics: United States, 1980 and 1985
(Data are based on reporting by a sample of office-based physician
Visit lasted
Patient's 10 minutes Return visit
first visit or less1/ scheduled
Characteristic 1980 1985 1980 1985 1980 1985
Percent of visits
Total2/.............. 15.3 17.7 47.3 42.6 58.0 58.8
Age
Under 15 years....... 14.6 17.8 57.5 50.8 48.8 49.2
15-44 years.......... 18.7 20.8 46.9 41.6 58.2 58.9
45-64 years.......... 12.7 14.8 38.9 36.3 64.5 65.6
65 years and over.... 8.6 10.5 36.7 35.6 71.3 72.8
65-74 years........ 8.9 11.2 38.0 34.6 70.5 72.6
75 years and over.. 8.3 9.6 35.1 36.9 72.6 73.1
Sex2/
Male................. 17.3 19.5 46.4 43.3 55.9 56.7
Female............... 14.4 16.9 47.7 42.2 58.9 59.8
Race2/
White................ 14.8 17.4 47.3 42.3 57.8 58.4
All other............ 18.9 20.1 48.0 45.0 60.1 62.2
Location of
physician's office2/
Within MSA........... 15.5 18.6 44.9 39.8 60.0 60.5
Outside MSA.......... 14.6 14.3 55.1 53.8 51.6 52.1
1/Time spent in face-to-face contact between physician and patient.
2/Age adjusted.
NOTE: Rates are based on the civilian noninstitutionalized population,
excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
SOURCE: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.
3Dental visit & interval since last one by patient chars'64,81,86
Table 68. Dental visits and interval since last visit, according to selected
patient characteristics: United States, 1964, 1981, and 1886
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Interval since last dental visit1/
Dental visits Less than 1 year
Characteristic 1964 1981 1986 1964 1981 1986
Number per person Percent of population
Total2,3/.............. 1.6 1.7 2.0 42.7 50.4 56.3
Age
Under 15 years......... 1.3 1.5 1.7 39.6 48.5 53.8
Under 5 years........ 0.3 0.5 0.4 11.1 15.0 19.5
5-14 years........... 1.9 2.0 2.3 55.1 65.2 71.7
15-44 years............ 1.9 1.8 2.0 51.8 55.6 61.6
45-64 years............ 1.7 1.8 2.2 39.1 50.1 55.9
65 years and over...... 0.8 1.5 2.1 21.5 34.9 42.6
65-74 years.......... 0.9 1.6 2.4 24.9 38.9 47.3
75 years and over.... 0.6 1.3 1.6 14.9 28.1 35.1
Sex2/
Male................... 1.4 1.5 1.8 40.9 48.4 54.1
Female................. 1.7 1.8 2.1 44.4 52.4 58.5
Race2/
White.................. 1.7 1.8 2.1 45.3 52.6 58.4
Black4/................ 0.8 1.1 1.3 22.3 36.3 42.6
Family income2,5/
Less than $10,000...... 0.9 1.1 1.3 26.4 37.3 41.0
$10,000-$14,999........ 0.9 1.3 1.3 30.0 37.8 42.7
$15,000-$19,999........ 1.4 1.4 1.6 39.7 42.6 49.3
$20,000-$34,999........ 1.9 1.7 2.2 50.1 50.5 59.0
$35,000 or more........ 2.7 2.1 2.7 63.9 63.9 71.8
Geographic region2/
Northeast.............. 2.1 2.1 2.2 48.5 55.6 60.9
Midwest................ 1.6 1.7 2.0 44.6 52.5 60.0
South.................. 1.2 1.5 1.6 35.8 45.2 49.5
West................... 1.7 1.7 2.2 43.8 50.8 59.1
Location of residence2/
Within MSA............. 1.8 1.8 2.0 44.9 52.4 57.8
Outside MSA............ 1.2 1.4 1.7 37.8 46.3 51.8
Interval since last dental visit1/
2 years or more Never visited dentist
Characteristic 1964 1981 1986 1964 1981 1986
Percent of population
Total2,3/.............. 28.7 25.1 25.0 15.5 11.0 10.4
Age
Under 15 years......... 5.4 6.7 7.2 46.6 34.6 33.1
Under 5 years........ 0.3 0.6 0.5 87.0 82.2 78.5
5-14 years........... 8.2 9.8 10.7 24.6 10.9 9.3
15-44 years............ 26.9 24.9 26.1 4.0 2.1 1.6
45-64 years............ 46.3 36.6 35.5 1.3 0.6 0.6
65 years and over...... 69.0 56.6 51.1 1.5 0.5 0.5
65-74 years.......... 65.2 52.1 46.6 1.1 0.3 0.5
75 years and over.... 76.3 64.0 58.3 2.4 0.6 *0.5
Sex2/
Male................... 29.6 26.5 26.7 16.1 11.4 10.6
Female................. 28.0 23.8 23.3 15.0 10.8 10.1
Race2/
White.................. 27.8 24.0 23.6 13.8 10.4 9.9
Black4/................ 37.6 33.9 35.6 28.0 14.4 12.7
Family income2,5/
Less than $10,000...... 35.4 33.7 36.2 27.4 15.3 13.4
$10,000-$14,999........ 35.2 33.2 34.2 22.0 14.3 13.6
$15,000-$19,999........ 30.6 30.3 29.9 15.8 13.0 12.0
$20,000-$34,999........ 25.3 24.8 22.7 10.9 10.6 10.0
$35,000 or more........ 16.8 16.4 14.0 7.2 7.6 7.1
Geographic region2/
Northeast.............. 26.1 22.6 23.0 12.5 9.0 8.9
Midwest................ 29.3 24.9 23.5 12.9 9.8 8.7
South.................. 30.9 28.5 29.1 20.9 12.9 12.1
West................... 27.9 22.4 21.5 14.3 11.9 10.7
Location of residence2/
Within MSA............. 27.5 23.3 23.9 14.4 10.7 10.2
Outside MSA............ 31.8 28.7 28.3 17.9 11.8 11.0
1/Percent not shown for an interval of 1 year-less than 2 years.
2/Age adjusted.
3/Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown family income.
4/1964 data are for all other races.
5/Family income categories for 1986. Income categories in 1964 are: less than
$2,000; $2,000-$3,999; $4,000-$6,999; $7,000-$9,999; and $10,000 or more;
and, in 1981 are: less than $7,000; $7,000-$9,999; $10,000-$14,999; $15,000-
$24,999; and $25,000 or more.
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.
2Inpatient Care
3Discharges,days of care,avg stay in short-stay hospital:64,84,88
Table 69. Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay in short-
stay hospitals, according to selected characteristics: United
States, 1964, 1984, and 1988
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Discharges Days of care
Characteristic 1964 1984 1988 1964 1984 1988
Number per 1,000 population
Total1,2/............109.1 114.7 93.4 970.9 871.9 622.7
Age
Under 15 years....... 67.6 60.9 45.9 405.7 334.4 256.4
Under 5 years...... 94.3 96.7 77.6 731.1 595.8 522.4
5-14 years......... 53.1 41.6 29.0 229.1 193.4 114.8
15-44 years..........100.6 81.7 67.1 760.7 530.8 373.8
45-64 years..........146.2 160.6 134.5 1559.3 1344.5 946.5
65 years and over....190.0 318.0 259.7 2292.7 2917.6 2082.4
65-74 years........181.2 277.7 235.8 2150.4 2528.3 1876.8
75 years and over..206.7 382.6 297.6 2560.4 3542.9 2407.3
Sex1/
Male.................103.8 114.2 94.8 1010.2 926.6 647.4
Female...............113.7 115.8 92.9 933.4 829.2 605.8
Race1/
White................112.4 114.3 92.5 961.4 833.2 607.8
Black3/.............. 84.0 127.2 106.8 1062.9 1247.8 825.3
Family income1,4/
Less than $10,000....102.4 150.2 144.6 1051.2 1420.3 1019.8
$10,000-$14,999......116.4 134.7 100.4 1213.9 1098.9 647.7
$15,000-$19,999......110.7 119.8 90.7 939.8 868.0 600.9
$20,000-$34,999......109.2 105.8 83.5 882.6 717.1 517.1
$35,000 or more......110.7 96.1 67.5 918.9 608.2 408.6
Geographic region1/
Northeast............ 98.5 104.5 84.5 993.8 877.5 634.7
Midwest..............109.2 125.2 101.4 944.9 965.6 623.8
South................117.8 126.4 104.3 968.0 953.7 731.4
West.................110.5 92.9 74.6 985.9 596.7 413.1
Location of residence1/
Within MSA...........107.5 108.1 87.4 1015.4 864.6 606.3
Outside MSA..........113.3 128.4 113.9 871.9 888.9 682.1
Average length
of stay
Characteristic 1964 1984 1988
Number of days
Total1,2/............ 8.9 7.6 6.7
Age
Under 15 years....... 6.0 5.5 5.6
Under 5 years...... 7.8 6.2 6.7
5-14 years......... 4.3 4.6 4.0
15-44 years.......... 7.6 6.5 5.6
45-64 years.......... 10.7 8.4 7.0
65 years and over.... 12.1 9.2 8.0
65-74 years........ 11.9 9.1 8.0
75 years and over.. 12.4 9.3 8.1
Sex1/
Male................. 9.7 8.1 6.8
Female............... 8.2 7.2 6.5
Race1/
White................ 8.6 7.3 6.6
Black3/.............. 12.7 9.8 7.7
Family income1,4/
Less than $10,000.... 10.3 9.5 7.1
$10,000-$14,999...... 10.4 8.2 6.5
$15,000-$19,999...... 8.5 7.2 6.6
$20,000-$34,999...... 8.1 6.8 6.2
$35,000 or more...... 8.3 6.3 6.1
Geographic region1/
Northeast............ 10.1 8.4 7.5
Midwest.............. 8.7 7.7 6.2
South................ 8.2 7.5 7.0
West................. 8.9 6.4 5.5
Location of residence1/
Within MSA........... 9.4 8.0 6.9
Outside MSA.......... 7.7 6.9 6.0
1/Age adjusted.
2/Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown family income.
3/1964 data include all other races.
4/Family income categories for 1984. Income categories in 1964 are: less than
$2,000; $2,000-$3,999; $4,000-$6,999; $7,000-$9,999; and $10,000 or more;
and, in 1988 are: less than $13,000; $13,000-$18,999; $19,000-$24,999;
$25,000-$44,999; and $45,000 or more.
NOTE: Excludes deliveries.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.
3Discharges,days care,avg stay non-Fed short-stay hospital:'80-88
Table 70. Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay in non-Federal
short-stay hospitals, according to, selected characteristics:
United States, 1980-88
(Data are based on a sample of hospital records)
Characteristic 19801/ 1981 1982 1983 1984
Discharges per 1,000 population
Total3/.............. 159.1 160.2 158.5 157.1 148.2
Sex3/
Male................. 140.1 141.0 140.5 139.9 131.8
Female............... 178.1 179.5 176.5 174.4 164.7
Age
Under 15 years....... 71.6 72.9 71.2 70.8 62.0
15-44 years.......... 150.2 148.7 145.0 140.3 132.2
45-64 years.......... 194.8 195.3 195.5 192.2 183.3
65 years and over.... 383.7 396.5 398.8 412.7 400.4
65-74 years........ 315.9 330.0 324.2 334.2 319.6
75 years and over.. 489.1 498.4 511.4 529.3 520.1
Geographic region3/
Northeast............ 148.4 146.5 145.9 144.2 135.1
Midwest.............. 176.4 179.9 176.0 167.9 156.7
South................ 166.2 165.2 165.2 167.7 159.5
West................. 138.0 141.1 138.2 139.6 132.3
Days of care per 1,000 population
Total3/.............. 1136.5 1134.0 1101.7 1068.8 960.1
Sex3/
Male................. 1072.6 1075.4 1047.6 1025.7 917.6
Female............... 1201.7 1196.1 1157.7 1115.7 1005.8
Age
Under 15 years....... 315.8 337.1 326.4 323.4 277.7
15-44 years.......... 787.0 769.6 742.0 707.5 647.3
45-64 years.......... 1597.6 1564.0 1536.7 1460.6 1316.8
65 years and over.... 4098.3 4155.3 4026.2 4004.3 3574.8
65-74 years........ 3147.6 3259.2 3101.1 3069.5 2711.0
75 years and over.. 5576.5 5529.3 5423.5 5392.7 4855.5
Geographic region3/
Northeast............ 1217.3 1190.2 1149.8 1115.6 1012.3
Midwest.............. 1309.4 1306.7 1283.0 1184.4 1059.9
South................ 1114.5 1112.9 1083.3 1087.1 962.9
West................. 844.6 859.3 825.7 821.9 756.5
Average length of stay in days
Total3/.............. 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.5
Sex3/
Male................. 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.0
Female............... 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.1
Age
Under 15 years....... 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5
15-44 years.......... 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9
45-64 years.......... 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.6 7.2
65 years and over.... 10.7 10.5 10.1 9.7 8.9
65-74 years........ 10.0 9.9 9.6 9.2 8.5
75 years and over.. 11.4 11.1 10.6 10.2 9.3
Geographic region3/
Northeast............ 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.5
Midwest.............. 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.1 6.8
South................ 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.0
West................. 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7
Characteristic 1985 1986 1987 19882/
Discharges per 1,000 population
Total3/.............. 138.0 132.8 127.9 117.8
Sex3/
Male................. 123.5 119.8 115.0 105.8
Female............... 152.7 146.2 141.2 130.2
Age
Under 15 years....... 57.2 53.5 51.3 49.2
15-44 years.......... 125.1 118.9 115.1 104.0
45-64 years.......... 169.5 162.2 156.9 140.5
65 years and over.... 368.3 367.3 350.5 334.1
65-74 years........ 294.9 296.8 280.9 262.8
75 years and over.. 476.5 470.5 451.6 436.5
Geographic region3/
Northeast............ 129.7 124.1 118.9 126.5
Midwest.............. 143.5 139.8 135.3 120.2
South................ 143.4 136.3 127.9 118.9
West................. 131.0 127.8 128.6 103.6
Days of care per 1,000 population
Total3/.............. 877.1 833.1 808.7 754.8
Sex3/
Male................. 841.2 803.4 789.2 739.6
Female............... 914.7 865.0 831.1 772.6
Age
Under 15 years....... 260.8 244.7 240.6 245.3
15-44 years.......... 603.6 575.7 556.9 493.1
45-64 years.......... 1192.8 1101.4 1068.6 955.3
65 years and over.... 3215.1 3120.7 3029.9 2970.0
65-74 years........ 2417.8 2363.8 2294.4 2214.8
75 years and over.. 4389.4 4227.9 4097.8 4054.3
Geographic region3/
Northeast............ 963.1 877.6 847.1 928.7
Midwest.............. 955.7 914.2 885.3 749.3
South................ 851.4 817.6 781.5 729.0
West................. 717.9 703.0 712.5 606.7
Average length of stay in days
Total3/.............. 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4
Sex3/
Male................. 6.8 6.7 6.9 7.0
Female............... 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9
Age
Under 15 years....... 4.6 4.6 4.7 5.0
15-44 years.......... 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7
45-64 years.......... 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8
65 years and over.... 8.7 8.5 8.6 8.9
65-74 years........ 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.4
75 years and over.. 9.2 9.0 9.1 9.3
Geographic region3/
Northeast............ 7.4 7.1 7.1 7.3
Midwest.............. 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.2
South................ 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.1
West................. 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.9
1/Geographic data for 1980 are based on the civilian population as of April 1,
1980
2/Comparisons of 1988 data with data for earlier years should be made with
caution as estimates of change between 1987 and 1988 may reflect improvements
in the 1988 design (see Appendix I) rather than true changes in hospital use.
3/Age adjusted.
NOTES: Excludes newborn infants. Rates are based on the civilian population
as of July 1.
SOURCE: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey.
3Discharges,days care non-Fed short-stay hosp. patient AIDS:84-88
Table 71. Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay in non-Federal
short-stay hospitals for patients discharged with the diagnosis of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and for all
patients: United States, 1984-88
(Data are based on a sample of hospital records)
Discharges Days of care
Number Number Number Number Average
Type of discharge, in per 1,000 in per 1,000 length of
sex, age, and year thousands population thousands population stay in days
Diagnosis of AIDS
Total:
1984................ 10 0.04 123 0.52 12.1
1985................ 23 0.10 387 1.63 17.1
1986................ 37 0.16 606 2.53 16.2
1987................ 50 0.21 782 3.24 15.7
19881/.............. 71 0.29 983 4.03 13.8
Male, 20-49 years:
1984................ *9 *0.1 *1 *2.26 *13.2
1985................ 21 0.41 355 6.90 16.8
1986................ 30 0.58 482 9.21 16.0
1987................ 40 0.75 621 11.70 15.6
19881/.............. 58 1.09 753 13.98 12.9
All patients
Total:
1984................ 7162 158.5 244652 1043.6 6.6
1985................ 5056 147.9 226217 954.4 6.5
1986................ 4256 143.1 218496 912.8 6.4
1987................ 3387 138.2 214942 889.4 6.4
19881/.............. 1146 127.6 203678 834.3 6.5
Male, 20-49 years:
1984................ 4497 89.5 27725 551.5 6.2
1985................ 4393 85.4 27117 527.4 6.2
1986................ 4300 82.2 26488 506.3 6.2
1987................ 4075 76.8 26295 495.2 6.5
19881/.............. 3670 68.2 22697 421.6 6.2
1/Comparisons of 1988 data with data for earlier years should be made with
caution as estimates of change between 1987 and 1988 may reflect improvements
in the 1988 design (see Appendix I) rather than true changes in hospital use.
*Based on a sample size of 30-59 discharges and should be used with caution.
NOTES: Excludes newborn infants. Rates are based on the civilian population
as of July 1. AIDS diagnosis category based on the International
Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification and
International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision Update. For a
listing of the code numbers, see Appendix II, table VI.
SOURCES: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey;
Utilization of short-stay hospitals by patients with AIDS: United
States, 1984-1986, by E. J. Graves. Advance Data From Vital and
Health Statistics. No. 156. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1250. Public
Health No. (PHS) 88-1250. Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.,
1988; Unpublished data.
3Rates discharge,days care non-Fed hosp. by sex/age/diag:80,85-88
Table 72. Rates of discharges and days of care in non-Federal short-stay
hospitals, according to sex, age, and selected first-listed
diagnosis: United States, 1980, 1985, 1987, and 1988
(Data are based on a sample of hospital records)
Discharges
Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1980 1985 1987 19881/
Both sexes Number per 1,000 population
Total2,3/.................................... 159.1 138.0 127.9 117.8
Females with delivery........................ 14.7 14.1 14.0 13.4
Diseases of heart............................ 13.1 13.7 13.8 13.2
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 7.6 7.4 7.1 6.2
Fracture, all sites.......................... 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.8
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6
Male
All ages2,3/................................. 140.1 123.5 115.0 105.8
Diseases of heart............................ 15.9 16.8 17.2 16.4
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 8.2 7.8 7.3 6.4
Fracture, all sites.......................... 5.2 4.7 4.3 4.1
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.1
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.8
Inguinal hernia.............................. 4.3 3.0 2.3 2.0
Under 15 years3/............................. 78.7 63.8 57.3 54.6
Acute respiratory infection.................. 5.9 5.2 4.2 3.8
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 5.2 4.3 4.2 3.9
Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma............ 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.1
Congenital anomalies......................... 4.0 3.8 2.9 3.5
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids...... 5.4 3.5 2.9 2.3
Noninfectious enteritis and colitis.......... 4.0 2.8 2.2 1.6
Otitis media and eustachian tube disorders... 4.5 2.2 1.8 2.0
15-44 years3/................................ 91.5 75.4 68.7 61.5
Fracture, all sites.......................... 6.3 5.3 4.9 4.5
Psychoses.................................... 3.0 3.7 4.1 3.9
Alcohol dependence syndrome.................. 3.5 3.5 2.8 2.1
Diseases of heart............................ 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8
Intervertebral disc disorders................ 2.3 2.9 2.8 2.5
Lacerations and open wounds.................. 3.4 2.6 2.5 2.2
45-64 years3/................................ 195.4 176.2 163.1 146.4
Diseases of heart............................ 33.7 36.6 36.7 34.1
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 14.4 13.1 12.7 9.8
Inguinal hernia.............................. 6.9 5.1 4.0 3.3
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.2
Intervertebral disc disorders................ 3.7 4.6 4.8 3.9
Alcohol dependence syndrome.................. 6.4 4.5 3.2 2.2
65 years and over3/.......................... 411.8 393.2 381.9 360.3
Diseases of heart............................ 78.5 82.6 87.0 84.0
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 46.2 44.4 40.0 37.0
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 24.4 25.1 22.5 18.3
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 15.0 17.3 18.4 20.1
Hyperplasia of prostate...................... 18.1 15.5 17.0 15.4
Female
All ages2,3/................................. 178.1 152.7 141.2 130.2
Delivery..................................... 29.0 27.7 27.6 26.5
Diseases of heart............................ 10.7 11.0 11.0 10.5
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 7.3 7.3 7.1 6.2
Fracture, all sites.......................... 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.3
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.2
Pregnancy with abortive outcome.............. 4.1 2.8 2.1 1.9
Under 15 years3/............................. 64.2 50.2 45.0 43.4
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids...... 6.4 3.7 2.7 2.4
Acute respiratory infection.................. 4.6 3.6 3.0 2.5
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.1
Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma............ 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5
Noninfectious enteritis and colitis.......... 3.7 2.3 1.9 2.0
Otitis media and eustachian tube disorders... 3.2 1.7 1.4 1.4
15-44 years3/................................ 206.9 173.4 160.3 145.6
Delivery..................................... 70.7 67.8 67.4 64.9
Pregnancy with abortive outcome.............. 9.9 6.7 5.1 4.6
Inflammatory disease of female pelvic organs. 5.1 3.7 3.2 2.5
Benign neoplasms............................. 4.8 3.4 3.1 3.0
Psychoses.................................... 2.4 3.4 3.7 3.6
Disorders of menstruation.................... 6.6 2.6 2.0 1.5
45-64 years3/................................ 194.3 163.4 151.2 135.1
Diseases of heart............................ 17.8 17.9 18.7 17.2
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 16.6 15.6 16.2 14.7
Benign neoplasms............................. 6.7 5.1 4.8 4.9
Cholelithiasis............................... 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.1
Psychoses.................................... 3.1 4.1 4.6 4.2
Diabetes..................................... 6.3 3.8 3.8 2.8
65 years and over3/.......................... 364.7 351.4 329.1 316.2
Diseases of heart............................ 64.8 68.1 66.9 65.8
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 28.5 28.1 26.4 23.4
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 21.6 23.3 22.1 19.6
Fracture, all sites.......................... 19.2 19.3 17.3 16.6
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 9.7 11.8 12.6 13.4
Eye diseases and conditions.................. 16.4 8.2 4.7 5.8
Days of care
Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1980 1985 1987 19881/
Both sexes Number per 1,000 population
Total2,3/.................................... 1136.5 877.1 808.7 754.8
Females with delivery........................ 55.5 46.1 42.8 39.2
Diseases of heart............................ 123.5 98.4 94.5 92.2
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 90.5 65.2 60.8 57.6
Fracture, all sites.......................... 51.2 37.1 34.3 30.8
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 27.7 26.5 27.7 28.5
Male
All ages2,3/................................. 1072.6 841.2 789.2 739.6
Diseases of heart............................ 145.0 116.9 114.0 111.8
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 98.7 71.1 65.9 59.9
Fracture, all sites.......................... 46.9 35.3 34.7 29.3
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 32.5 29.8 31.4 32.3
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 41.9 36.0 31.5 26.8
Inguinal hernia.............................. 20.0 9.3 5.8 4.8
Under 15 years3/............................. 341.5 287.5 269.9 275.5
Acute respiratory infection.................. 22.0 17.2 13.6 11.7
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 25.2 18.1 18.6 16.9
Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma............ 16.3 13.7 12.7 11.0
Congenital anomalies......................... 22.2 20.5 15.9 18.7
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids...... 9.2 5.1 3.5 3.3
Noninfectious enteritis and colitis.......... 16.1 8.3 6.2 5.2
Otitis media and eustachian tube disorders... 11.3 4.7 4.1 4.2
15-44 years3/................................ 581.0 458.9 441.1 388.2
Fracture, all sites.......................... 50.1 34.7 36.8 27.1
Psychoses.................................... 39.2 47.4 51.4 51.9
Alcohol dependence syndrome.................. 33.4 38.8 30.9 24.8
Diseases of heart............................ 21.7 16.6 15.8 16.1
Intervertebral disc disorders................ 20.7 18.7 14.8 12.6
Lacerations and open wounds.................. 17.9 11.0 9.4 9.4
45-64 years3/................................ 1590.3 1219.9 1099.1 993.2
Diseases of heart............................ 288.1 237.4 218.8 210.1
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 167.2 119.8 114.2 95.1
Inguinal hernia.............................. 36.5 15.3 8.8 7.7
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 49.6 50.7 47.3 35.7
Intervertebral disc disorders................ 34.5 32.8 29.5 21.8
Alcohol dependence syndrome.................. 67.8 43.4 31.8 18.8
65 years and over3/.......................... 4244.0 3315.0 3163.3 3083.5
Diseases of heart............................ 786.3 626.9 639.0 635.7
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 587.9 418.4 374.0 351.8
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 301.2 249.7 206.3 191.9
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 166.1 172.6 180.9 200.4
Hyperplasia of prostate...................... 176.7 103.5 96.4 93.0
Female
All ages2,3/................................. 1201.7 914.7 831.1 772.6
Delivery..................................... 109.4 91.0 84.5 77.4
Diseases of heart............................ 105.1 82.5 78.3 75.7
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 85.8 61.7 57.9 56.6
Fracture, all sites.......................... 52.1 36.6 32.1 30.4
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 24.0 24.3 25.1 25.7
Pregnancy with abortive outcome.............. 8.7 5.9 4.7 4.3
Under 15 years3/............................. 288.9 232.9 209.9 213.6
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids...... 11.2 6.0 3.1 2.5
Acute respiratory infection.................. 16.0 11.3 8.9 8.9
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 17.7 16.4 15.5 14.9
Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma............ 9.6 9.0 9.3 7.3
Noninfectious enteritis and colitis.......... 16.8 6.8 5.0 5.4
Otitis media and eustachian tube disorders... 7.1 3.9 3.6 3.0
15-44 years3/................................ 986.4 744.3 669.7 595.6
Delivery..................................... 264.5 222.4 206.6 189.4
Pregnancy with abortive outcome.............. 21.2 14.4 11.3 10.5
Inflammatory disease of female pelvic organs. 25.7 17.7 13.9 11.6
Benign neoplasms............................. 25.7 17.2 14.1 13.2
Psychoses.................................... 36.7 52.3 52.0 57.7
Disorders of menstruation.................... 21.6 9.7 7.0 5.5
45-64 years3/................................ 1604.1 1168.1 1040.5 920.5
Diseases of heart............................ 152.9 120.5 121.8 106.5
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 190.8 129.6 125.0 122.2
Benign neoplasms............................. 44.8 32.0 25.3 24.8
Cholelithiasis............................... 42.9 30.9 28.2 24.2
Psychoses.................................... 50.6 70.5 64.9 62.0
Diabetes..................................... 63.5 31.4 30.0 21.8
65 years and over3/.......................... 3999.8 3147.1 2938.6 2892.3
Diseases of heart............................ 701.1 551.3 511.0 520.6
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 383.8 280.6 250.6 258.5
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 287.9 249.3 236.8 193.0
Fracture, all sites.......................... 309.5 232.5 203.0 192.7
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 109.2 116.9 126.9 138.7
Eye diseases and conditions.................. 67.3 21.0 13.1 12.5
1/Comparisons of 1988 data with data for earlier years should be made with
caution as estimates of change between 1987 and 1988 may reflect improvements
in the 1988 design (see Appendix I) rather than true changes in hospital use.
2/Age adjusted.
3/Includes discharges with first-listed diagnoses not shown in table.
NOTES: Excludes newborn infants. Rates are based on the civilian population.
In each sex and age group, data are shown for diagnoses with the 5
highest discharge rates in 1980 and 1987. Diagnostic categories are
based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision,
Clinical Modification. For a listing of the code numbers, see Appendix
II, table VI.
SOURCE: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey.
3Discharge,avg stay non-Fed hosp.by sex/age/diagnosis:80,85,87,88
Table 73. Discharges and average length of stay in non-Federal short-
stay hospitals, according to sex, age, and selected first-
listed diagnosis: United States, 1980, 1985, 1987, and 1988
(Data are based on a sample of hospital records)
Discharges
Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1980 1985 1987 19881/
Both sexes Number in thousands
Total2/...................................... 37832 35056 33387 31146
Females with delivery........................ 3762 3854 3911 3781
Diseases of heart............................ 3201 3584 3736 3641
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 1829 1911 1879 1670
Fracture, all sites.......................... 1163 1129 1062 1014
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 782 854 924 924
Male
All ages2/................................... 15145 14160 13568 12642
Diseases of heart............................ 1688 1910 2016 1955
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 875 892 868 772
Fracture, all sites.......................... 582 550 519 506
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 414 433 468 472
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 371 416 392 336
Inguinal hernia.............................. 458 343 266 232
Under 15 years2/............................. 2063 1698 1537 1486
Acute respiratory infection.................. 154 138 114 103
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 136 115 113 105
Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma............ 105 110 105 111
Congenital anomalies......................... 106 101 79 95
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids...... 141 92 77 64
Noninfectious enteritis and colitis.......... 106 74 59 44
Otitis media and eustachian tube disorders... 118 59 47 55
15-44 years2/................................ 4687 4153 3874 3485
Fracture, all sites.......................... 320 290 274 257
Psychoses.................................... 155 204 231 219
Alcohol dependence syndrome.................. 180 195 160 118
Diseases of heart............................ 149 165 157 159
Intervertebral disc disorders................ 120 161 157 139
Lacerations and open wounds.................. 176 143 140 124
45-64 years2/................................ 4127 3776 3528 3221
Diseases of heart............................ 712 784 795 751
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 304 281 275 215
Inguinal hernia.............................. 146 110 88 72
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 99 107 102 93
Intervertebral disc disorders................ 78 98 103 86
Alcohol dependence syndrome.................. 134 97 70 49
65 years and over2/.......................... 4268 4533 4629 4450
Diseases of heart............................ 814 953 1054 1038
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 479 512 485 457
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 253 289 273 226
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 156 199 222 248
Hyperplasia of prostate...................... 188 179 206 191
Female
All ages2/................................... 22686 20896 19818 18504
Delivery..................................... 3762 3854 3911 3781
Diseases of heart............................ 1513 1674 1720 1686
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 954 1019 1011 898
Fracture, all sites.......................... 580 579 543 508
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 368 421 456 452
Pregnancy with abortive outcome.............. 531 382 301 266
Under 15 years2/............................. 1609 1274 1150 1125
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids...... 160 94 69 61
Acute respiratory infection.................. 115 91 76 65
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 91 91 90 79
Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma............ 63 65 67 66
Noninfectious enteritis and colitis.......... 92 59 48 52
Otitis media and eustachian tube disorders... 81 42 37 36
15-44 years2/................................ 10949 9813 9268 8448
Delivery..................................... 3741 3838 3897 3768
Pregnancy with abortive outcome.............. 525 378 297 264
Inflammatory disease of female pelvic organs. 268 210 184 145
Benign neoplasms............................. 253 194 180 176
Psychoses.................................... 129 192 216 210
Disorders of menstruation.................... 347 148 114 88
45-64 years2/................................ 4533 3834 3571 3235
Diseases of heart............................ 415 420 441 411
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 387 367 383 351
Benign neoplasms............................. 156 120 113 116
Cholelithiasis............................... 109 103 109 97
Psychoses.................................... 72 95 108 99
Diabetes..................................... 148 88 89 67
65 years and over2/.......................... 5596 5975 5830 5696
Diseases of heart............................ 995 1158 119 119
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 437 478 468 422
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 331 396 392 352
Fracture, all sites.......................... 295 328 307 300
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 150 201 223 242
Eye diseases and conditions.................. 251 140 83 105
Average length
of stay
Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1980 1985 1987 19881/
Both sexes Number of days
Total2/...................................... 7.3 6.5 6.4 6.5
Females with delivery........................ 3.8 3.3 3.1 2.9
Diseases of heart............................ 9.5 7.3 6.9 7.1
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 12.0 8.9 8.7 9.4
Fracture, all sites.......................... 10.8 8.7 8.9 8.4
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 7.9 7.4 8.0 8.4
Male
All ages2/................................... 7.7 6.9 6.9 7.1
Diseases of heart............................ 9.1 7.0 6.7 6.9
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 12.0 9.1 9.0 9.4
Fracture, all sites.......................... 9.0 7.7 8.3 7.2
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 8.2 7.8 7.9 8.3
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 12.1 10.0 9.6 9.8
Inguinal hernia.............................. 4.7 3.1 2.5 2.5
Under 15 years2/............................. 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.0
Acute respiratory infection.................. 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.1
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.4
Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma............ 4.0 3.3 3.3 2.7
Congenital anomalies......................... 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids...... 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.4
Noninfectious enteritis and colitis.......... 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.2
Otitis media and eustachian tube disorders... 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.1
15-44 years2/................................ 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.3
Fracture, all sites.......................... 8.0 6.6 7.6 6.0
Psychoses.................................... 12.9 12.8 12.5 13.4
Alcohol dependence syndrome.................. 9.5 11.0 10.9 11.9
Diseases of heart............................ 7.5 5.5 5.7 5.7
Intervertebral disc disorders................ 8.8 6.4 5.3 5.1
Lacerations and open wounds.................. 5.2 4.2 3.8 4.3
45-64 years2/................................ 8.1 6.9 6.7 6.8
Diseases of heart............................ 8.5 6.5 6.0 6.2
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 11.6 9.1 9.0 9.7
Inguinal hernia.............................. 5.3 3.0 2.2 2.3
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 10.6 10.2 10.0 8.5
Intervertebral disc disorders................ 9.4 7.2 6.2 5.6
Alcohol dependence syndrome.................. 10.7 9.6 9.9 8.4
65 years and over2/.......................... 10.3 8.4 8.3 8.6
Diseases of heart............................ 10.0 7.6 7.3 7.6
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 12.7 9.4 9.3 9.5
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 12.3 9.9 9.2 10.5
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 11.1 10.0 9.9 10.0
Hyperplasia of prostate...................... 9.8 6.7 5.7 6.0
Female
All ages2/................................... 7.0 6.2 6.1 6.2
Delivery..................................... 3.8 3.3 3.1 2.9
Diseases of heart............................ 10.0 7.6 7.2 7.4
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 12.0 8.7 8.3 9.4
Fracture, all sites.......................... 12.6 9.8 9.4 9.7
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 8.4 8.1 8.1 8.6
Pregnancy with abortive outcome.............. 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3
Under 15 years2/............................. 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.9
Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids...... 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.1
Acute respiratory infection.................. 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.5
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.9
Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma............ 3.8 3.5 3.6 2.9
Noninfectious enteritis and colitis.......... 4.6 2.9 2.7 2.7
Otitis media and eustachian tube disorders... 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.2
15-44 years2/................................ 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.1
Delivery..................................... 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.9
Pregnancy with abortive outcome.............. 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3
Inflammatory disease of female pelvic organs. 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.6
Benign neoplasms............................. 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.4
Psychoses.................................... 15.1 15.4 13.9 15.9
Disorders of menstruation.................... 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.6
45-64 years2/................................ 8.3 7.1 6.9 6.8
Diseases of heart............................ 8.6 6.7 6.5 6.2
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 11.5 8.3 7.7 8.3
Benign neoplasms............................. 6.7 6.3 5.3 5.1
Cholelithiasis............................... 9.2 7.1 6.1 6.0
Psychoses.................................... 16.3 17.4 14.3 14.9
Diabetes..................................... 10.0 8.3 7.9 7.8
65 years and over2/.......................... 11.0 9.0 8.9 9.1
Diseases of heart............................ 10.8 8.1 7.6 7.9
Malignant neoplasms.......................... 13.5 10.0 9.5 11.0
Cerebrovascular diseases..................... 13.3 10.7 10.7 9.9
Fracture, all sites.......................... 16.1 12.1 11.7 11.6
Pneumonia, all forms......................... 11.2 9.9 10.1 10.3
Eye diseases and conditions.................. 4.1 2.5 2.8 2.1
1/Comparisons of 1988 data with data for earlier years should be made with
caution as estimates of change between 1987 and 1988 may reflect improvements
in the 1988 design (see Appendix I) rather than true changes in hospital use.
2/Includes discharges with first-listed diagnoses not shown in table.
NOTES: Excludes newborn infants. In each sex and age group, data are shown for
diagnoses with the 5 highest discharge rates in 1980 and 1987.
Diagnostic categories are based on the International Classification of
Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification. For a listing of the
code numbers, see Appendix II, table VI.
SOURCE: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey.
3Operations patients discharged non-Fed hosp.by sex/age:80,85-87
Table 74. Operations for inpatients discharged from non-Federal short-
stay hospitals, according to sex, age, and surgical category:
United States, 1980, 1985, 1987, and 1988
(Data are based on a sample of hospital records)
Operations in
thousands
Sex, age, and surgical category 1980 1985 1987 19881/
Male
All ages2,3/..........................................8505 8805 9073 9069
Cardiac catheterization................................228 439 533 598
Repair of inguinal hernia..............................483 370 290 261
Prostatectomy..........................................335 367 410 358
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw).325 339 367 337
Direct heart revascularization (coronary bypass).......108 1 244 270
Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy...........195 135 115 94
Under 15 years3/......................................1068 831 725 751
Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy...........138 97 85 69
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw). 55 57 55 52
Myringotomy............................................115 53 41 45
Repair of inguinal hernia.............................. 86 46 34 31
Appendectomy, excluding incidental4/................... 43 41 38 33
Circumcision........................................... 43 31 26 20
15-44 years3/.........................................2900 2717 2640 2489
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw).188 187 206 178
Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc and
spinal fusion......................................... 67 119 110 111
Operations on muscles, tendons, fascia, and bursa......110 100 95 93
Appendectomy, excluding incidental4/................... 85 88 101 88
Debridement of wound, infection, or burn............... 75 75 106 84
Excision of semilunar cartilage of knee................ 94 48 28 30
45-64 years3/.........................................2313 2494 2612 2568
Cardiac catheterization................................129 241 289 296
Repair of inguinal hernia..............................152 116 91 80
Direct heart revascularization (coronary bypass)....... 72 102 131 134
Prostatectomy.......................................... 83 81 90 67
Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc and
spinal fusion......................................... 43 60 74 69
Operations on muscles, tendons, fascia, and bursa...... 58 50 51 44
65 years and over3/...................................2224 2762 3097 3261
Prostatectomy..........................................251 284 318 290
Cardiac catheterization................................ 52 126 182 222
Repair of inguinal hernia..............................119 116 96 88
Biopsies on the digestive system....................... 61 107 113 121
Direct heart revascularization (coronary bypass)....... 27 57 105 122
Extraction of lens.....................................124 53 18 24
Female
All ages2,3/.........................................15989 15994 16583 16555
Procedures to assist delivery.........................2391 2494 2938 3131
Cesarean section5/.....................................619 877 953 933
Hysterectomy...........................................649 670 655 578
Oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy.................483 525 490 451
Repair of current obstetrical laceration...............355 548 660 690
Bilateral destruction or occlusion of fallopian tubes..641 466 415 406
Diagnostic dilation and curettage of uterus............923 349 206 143
Under 15 years3/.......................................771 553 471 519
Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy...........156 100 74 66
Myringotomy............................................ 87 36 20 32
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw). 32 33 28 24
Appendectomy, excluding incidental4/................... 34 28 28 25
Operations on muscles, tendons, fascia, and bursa...... 23 11 11 16
Adenoidectomy without tonsillectomy.................... 31 *7 * *6
15-44 years3/.........................................9625 9340 9937 10007
Procedures to assist delivery.........................2381 2483 2927 3121
Cesarean section.......................................614 875 951 931
Repair of current obstetrical laceration...............352 546 656 688
Bilateral destruction or occlusion of fallopian tubes..632 461 413 404
Hysterectomy...........................................402 421 406 340
Diagnostic dilation and curettage of uterus............625 232 141 86
45-64 years3/.........................................3113 2893 2847 2622
Hysterectomy...........................................203 190 188 188
Oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy.................162 165 163 165
Cardiac catheterization................................ 58 108 151 136
Cholecystectomy........................................107 104 114 101
Biopsies on the digestive system....................... 66 71 77 61
Biopsies on the integumentary system (breast, skin, and
subcutaneous tissue).................................. 69 48 39 38
65 years and over3/...................................2480 3208 3328 3407
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw).127 163 169 156
Biopsies on the digestive system....................... 72 140 152 144
Arthroplasty and replacement of hip.................... 72 108 115 112
Cardiac catheterization................................ 32 101 146 163
Insertion of prosthetic lens (pseudophakos)............ 93 92 35 63
Cholecystectomy........................................ 83 89 106 100
Operations per 1,000
population
Sex, age, and surgical category 1980 1985 1987 19881/
Male
All ages2,3/..........................................78.1 76.3 76.4 75.4
Cardiac catheterization................................2.2 3.9 4.7 5.2
Repair of inguinal hernia..............................4.6 3.3 2.5 2.2
Prostatectomy..........................................3.1 3.2 3.4 2.9
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw).2.9 2.8 3.0 2.7
Direct heart revascularization (coronary bypass).......1.0 1.6 2.1 2.3
Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy...........2.0 1.3 1.2 0.9
Under 15 years3/......................................40.7 31.3 27.0 27.6
Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy...........5.3 3.6 3.2 2.6
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw).2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9
Myringotomy............................................4.4 2.0 1.5 1.6
Repair of inguinal hernia..............................3.3 1.7 1.3 1.1
Appendectomy, excluding incidental4/...................1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2
Circumcision...........................................1.6 1.2 1.0 0.7
15-44 years3/.........................................56.6 49.4 46.8 43.9
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw).3.7 3.4 3.7 3.1
Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc and
spinal fusion.........................................1.3 2.2 1.9 2.0
Operations on muscles, tendons, fascia, and bursa......2.2 1.8 1.7 1.6
Appendectomy, excluding incidental4/...................1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5
Debridement of wound, infection, or burn...............1.5 1.4 1.9 1.5
Excision of semilunar cartilage of knee................1.8 0.9 0.5 0.5
45-64 years3/........................................109.5 116.4 120.7 116.7
Cardiac catheterization................................6.1 11.3 13.4 13.5
Repair of inguinal hernia..............................7.2 5.4 4.2 3.6
Direct heart revascularization (coronary bypass).......3.4 4.8 6.1 6.1
Prostatectomy..........................................3.9 3.8 4.2 3.1
Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc and
spinal fusion.........................................2.1 2.8 3.4 3.1
Operations on muscles, tendons, fascia, and bursa......2.8 2.3 2.4 2.0
65 years and over3/..................................214.6 239.5 255.5 264.0
Prostatectomy.........................................24.2 24.7 26.3 23.4
Cardiac catheterization................................5.0 10.9 15.0 17.9
Repair of inguinal hernia.............................11.4 10.1 7.9 7.1
Biopsies on the digestive system.......................5.9 9.3 9.3 9.8
Direct heart revascularization (coronary bypass).......2.6 5.0 8.7 9.8
Extraction of lens....................................12.0 4.6 1.5 1.9
Female
All ages2,3/.........................................126.1 117.2 118.3 116.9
Procedures to assist delivery.........................18.4 18.0 20.7 22.0
Cesarean section5/.....................................4.8 6.3 6.7 6.5
Hysterectomy...........................................5.2 5.0 4.8 4.3
Oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy.................3.9 4.0 3.7 3.4
Repair of current obstetrical laceration...............2.8 3.9 4.7 4.9
Bilateral destruction or occlusion of fallopian tubes..4.9 3.3 2.9 2.9
Diagnostic dilation and curettage of uterus............7.3 2.6 1.5 1.1
Under 15 years3/......................................30.8 21.8 18.4 20.0
Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy...........6.2 3.9 2.9 2.5
Myringotomy............................................3.5 1.4 0.8 1.2
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw).1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9
Appendectomy, excluding incidental4/...................1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0
Operations on muscles, tendons, fascia, and bursa......0.9 0.5 0.4 0.6
Adenoidectomy without tonsillectomy....................1.2 *0.3 * *0.2
15-44 years3/........................................181.9 165.0 171.9 172.5
Procedures to assist delivery.........................45.0 43.9 50.6 53.8
Cesarean section......................................11.6 15.5 16.4 16.0
Repair of current obstetrical laceration...............6.7 9.6 11.3 11.9
Bilateral destruction or occlusion of fallopian tubes.11.9 8.1 7.1 7.0
Hysterectomy...........................................7.6 7.4 7.0 5.9
Diagnostic dilation and curettage of uterus...........11.8 4.1 2.4 1.5
45-64 years3/........................................133.4 123.3 120.5 109.5
Hysterectomy...........................................8.7 8.1 8.0 7.9
Oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy.................7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9
Cardiac catheterization................................2.5 4.6 6.4 5.7
Cholecystectomy........................................4.6 4.4 4.8 4.2
Biopsies on the digestive system.......................2.8 3.0 3.3 2.6
Biopsies on the integumentary system (breast, skin, and
subcutaneous tissue)..................................2.9 2.1 1.7 1.6
65 years and over3/..................................161.6 188.7 187.9 189.2
Reduction of fracture (excluding skull, nose, and jaw).8.3 9.6 9.5 8.6
Biopsies on the digestive system.......................4.7 8.2 8.6 8.0
Arthroplasty and replacement of hip....................4.7 6.4 6.5 6.2
Cardiac catheterization................................2.1 6.0 8.2 9.1
Insertion of prosthetic lens (pseudophakos)............6.1 5.4 2.0 3.5
Cholecystectomy........................................5.4 5.2 6.0 5.5
1/Comparisons of 1988 data with data for earlier years should be made
with caution as estimates of change between 1987 and 1988 may reflect
improvements in the 1988 design (see Appendix I) rather than true changes
in hospital use.
2/Rates are age adjusted.
3/Includes operations not listed in table.
4/Limited to estimated number of appendectomies, excluding those performed
incidental to other abdominal surgery.
5/Cesarean sections accounted for 16.5 percent of all deliveries in 1980,
22.7 percent in 1985, 24.4 percent in 1987, and 24.7 percent in 1988.
*Estimates based on fewer than 30 discharges are not shown; estimates
based on 30-59 discharges should be used with caution.
NOTES: Excludes newborn infants. Data do not reflect total use of
operations because operations for outpatients are not included in
the National Hospital Discharge Survey. In recent years, for
example, lens extractions and myringotomies are frequently performed
on outpatients. Rates are based on the civilian population. In each
sex and age group, data are shown for operations with the 5 highest
rates in 1980 and 1987. Surgical categories are based on the
International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical
Modification. For a listing of the code numbers, see Appendix II,
table VII.
SOURCE: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey.
3Diagnostic/nonsurgical proc.patient non-Fed hosp:sex/age:80,85-7
Table 75. Diagnostic and other nonsurgical procedures for inpatients
discharged from non-Federal short-stay hospitals, according to
sex, age, and procedure category: United States, 1980, 1985,
1987, and 1988
(Data are based on a sample of hospital records)
Procedures in
thousands
Sex, age, and procedure category 1980 1985 1987 19881/
Male
All ages2,3/.................................... 3386 5889 6643 6665
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 152 671 814 775
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 114 478 616 599
Cystoscopy...................................... 543 461 444 399
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 174 431 617 749
Radioisotope scan............................... 236 375 350 315
Arteriography using contrast material........... 180 262 251 246
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 228 259 245 170
Under 15 years3/................................ 217 297 377 424
Spinal tap...................................... 39 62 76 84
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 17 35 54 42
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... *6 23 34 51
Electroencephalogram............................ *5 19 20 15
Application of cast or splint................... 21 16 13 14
Cystoscopy...................................... 23 11 *8 *4
Radioisotope scan............................... *8 *9 11 11
15-44 years3/................................... 884 1294 1368 1382
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 37 174 217 218
Contrast myelogram.............................. 88 130 111 79
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 25 96 113 111
Radioisotope scan............................... 48 67 65 62
Endoscopy of small intestine.................... 38 61 67 43
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 52 54 36 25
Cystoscopy...................................... 80 47 39 36
Application of cast or splint................... 54 30 27 27
45-64 years3/................................... 1128 1866 2060 2038
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 106 251 350 388
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 43 182 205 200
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 41 146 178 173
Radioisotope scan............................... 75 121 106 102
Cystoscopy...................................... 153 114 108 93
Arteriography using contrast material........... 76 94 92 95
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 86 76 70 48
65 years and over3/............................. 1158 2432 2838 2821
Cystoscopy...................................... 287 288 290 266
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 54 280 337 316
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 42 213 290 264
Radioisotope scan............................... 105 177 167 139
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 86 126 138 94
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 35 123 196 264
Female
All ages2,3/.................................... 3532 6072 6820 6902
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 204 756 981 963
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 154 707 833 838
Radioisotope scan............................... 289 463 409 390
Endoscopy of small intestine.................... 164 281 341 279
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 84 219 375 439
Laparoscopy (excluding that for ligation and division of
fallopian tubes)............................... 235 209 176 133
Cystoscopy...................................... 324 184 149 143
Under 15 years3/................................ 191 256 293 356
Spinal tap...................................... 26 50 66 70
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ *10 33 32 39
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... *5 25 35 45
Electroencephalogram............................ * 15 15 19
Cystoscopy...................................... 38 *8 *5 *5
Radioisotope scan............................... *6 *8 *7 6
Application of cast or splint................... 13 *6 *8 9
15-44 years3/................................... 1203 1606 1687 1643
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 94 283 376 365
Laparoscopy (excluding that for ligation and division of
fallopian tubes)............................... 214 197 162 124
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 36 137 149 156
Contrast myelogram.............................. 66 96 80 57
Biliary tract X-ray............................. 60 90 107 109
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 77 58 51 29
Cystoscopy...................................... 97 51 37 44
45-64 years3/................................... 1030 1584 1734 1711
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 42 167 191 188
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 44 154 182 176
Radioisotope scan............................... 92 128 113 113
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 49 105 173 189
Endoscopy of small intestine.................... 55 78 93 68
Cystoscopy...................................... 93 48 44 33
65 years and over3/............................. 1107 2626 3106 3192
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 66 370 461 455
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 62 294 387 377
Radioisotope scan............................... 143 244 219 209
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 131 181 188 154
Endoscopy of small intestine.................... 55 133 180 150
Cystoscopy...................................... 96 77 62 61
Procedures per 1,000
population
Sex, age, and procedure category 1980 1985 1987 19881\
Male
All ages2,3/.................................... 31.3 51.1 56.2 55.6
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 1.4 5.8 6.8 6.3
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 1.0 4.1 5.2 5.1
Cystoscopy...................................... 5.1 4.0 3.7 3.2
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 1.6 3.9 5.4 6.4
Radioisotope scan............................... 2.1 3.3 2.9 2.6
Arteriography using contrast material........... 1.7 2.3 2.1 2.0
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.4
Under 15 years3/................................ 8.3 11.1 14.1 15.6
Spinal tap...................................... 1.5 2.3 2.8 3.1
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 0.7 1.3 2.0 1.5
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... *0.2 0.9 1.3 1.9
Electroencephalogram............................ *0.2 0.7 0.8 0.5
Application of cast or splint................... 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5
Cystoscopy...................................... 0.9 0.4 *0.3 *0.1
Radioisotope scan............................... *0.3 *0.4 0.4 0.4
15-44 years3/................................... 17.3 23.5 24.3 24.4
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 0.7 3.2 3.8 3.8
Contrast myelogram.............................. 1.7 2.4 2.0 1.4
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 0.5 1.7 2.0 2.0
Radioisotope scan............................... 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.1
Endoscopy of small intestine.................... 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.8
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.4
Cystoscopy...................................... 1.6 0.9 0.7 0.6
Application of cast or splint................... 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.5
45-64 years3/................................... 53.4 87.1 95.2 92.6
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 5.0 11.7 16.2 17.6
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 2.0 8.5 9.5 9.1
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 1.9 6.8 8.2 7.9
Radioisotope scan............................... 3.5 5.7 4.9 4.7
Cystoscopy...................................... 7.3 5.3 5.0 4.2
Arteriography using contrast material........... 3.6 4.4 4.2 4.3
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.2
65 years and over3/.............................111.8 211.0 234.2 228.4
Cystoscopy...................................... 27.7 25.0 23.9 21.6
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 5.2 24.3 27.8 25.6
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 4.0 18.4 24.0 21.4
Radioisotope scan............................... 10.1 15.4 13.8 11.3
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 8.3 10.9 11.3 7.6
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 3.4 10.7 16.2 21.3
Female
All ages2,3/.................................... 27.5 43.3 47.3 47.3
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 1.6 5.4 6.7 6.6
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 1.2 4.9 5.6 5.6
Radioisotope scan............................... 2.1 3.2 2.8 2.6
Endoscopy of small intestine.................... 1.3 2.0 2.3 1.8
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 0.7 1.6 2.7 3.1
Laparoscopy (excluding that for ligation and division of
fallopian tubes)............................... 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9
Cystoscopy...................................... 2.6 1.3 1.0 1.0
Under 15 years3/................................ 7.6 10.1 11.5 13.8
Spinal tap...................................... 1.0 2.0 2.6 2.7
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ *0.4 1.3 1.3 1.5
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... *0.2 1.0 1.4 1.7
Electroencephalogram............................ * 0.6 0.6 0.7
Cystoscopy...................................... 1.5 *0.3 *0.2 *0.2
Radioisotope scan............................... *0.2 *0.3 *0.3 0.2
Application of cast or splint................... 0.5 *0.2 *0.3 0.3
15-44 years3/................................... 22.7 28.4 29.2 28.3
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 1.8 5.0 6.5 6.3
Laparoscopy (excluding that for ligation and division of
fallopian tubes)............................... 4.1 3.5 2.8 2.1
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 0.7 2.4 2.6 2.7
Contrast myelogram.............................. 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.0
Biliary tract X-ray............................. 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.9
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.5
Cystoscopy...................................... 1.8 0.9 0.6 0.8
45-64 years3/................................... 44.2 67.5 73.4 71.4
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 1.8 7.1 8.1 7.8
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 1.9 6.6 7.7 7.3
Radioisotope scan............................... 3.9 5.5 4.8 4.7
Angiocardiography using contrast material....... 2.1 4.5 7.3 7.9
Endoscopy of small intestine.................... 2.3 3.3 3.9 2.8
Cystoscopy...................................... 4.0 2.1 1.9 1.4
65 years and over3/............................. 72.1 154.4 175.3 177.2
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)........ 4.3 21.8 26.0 25.3
Diagnostic ultrasound........................... 4.0 17.3 21.8 20.9
Radioisotope scan............................... 9.3 14.4 12.4 11.6
Endoscopy of large intestine.................... 8.5 10.7 10.6 8.6
Endoscopy of small intestine.................... 3.6 7.8 10.2 8.3
Cystoscopy...................................... 6.2 4.5 3.5 3.4
1/Comparisons of 1988 data with data for earlier years should be made with
caution as estimates of change between 1987 and 1988 may reflect improvements
in the 1988 design (see Appendix I) rather than true changes in hospital use.
2/Rates are age adjusted.
3/Includes nonsurgical procedures not shown.
*Estimates based on fewer than 30 discharges are not shown; estimates
based on 30-59 discharges should be used with caution.
NOTES: Excludes newborn infants. Data do not reflect total use of procedures
because procedures for outpatients are not included in the National
Hospital Discharge Survey. For example, CAT scans are frequently
performed on outpatients. Rates are based on the civilian population.
In each sex and age group, data are shown for procedures with the 5
highest rates in 1980 and 1987. Procedure categories are based on the
International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical
Modification. For a listing of the code numbers, see Appendix II,
table VIII.
SOURCE: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey.
3Admissions,avg stay,outpatient visits in hosp.by ownership:60-87
Table 76. Admissions, average length of stay, and outpatient visits in
short-stay hospitals, according to type of ownership: United
States, selected years 1960-87
(Data are based on reporting by a census of registered hospitals)
Type of ownership 1960 1970 1975 1980 1983 1984
Admissions Number in thousands
All ownerships..... 24324 30706 35270 38140 38135 37143
Federal.................. 1354 1454 1751 1942 1934 1941
Non-Federal.............. 22970 29252 33519 36198 36201 35202
Nonprofit.............. 16788 20948 23735 25576 25837 25246
Proprietary............ 1550 2031 2646 3165 3299 3314
State-local government. 4632 6273 7138 7458 7064 6642
Average length of stay Number of days
All ownerships..... 8.4 8.7 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.5
Federal.................. 21.4 17.0 14.4 12.9 12.4 11.9
Non-Federal.............. 7.6 8.2 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.3
Nonprofit.............. 7.4 8.2 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.4
Proprietary............ 5.7 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.3
State-local government. 8.8 8.7 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.3
Outpatient visits1/ Number in thousands
All ownerships..... --- 173058 245938 255320 263729 267868
Federal.................. --- 39514 49627 48568 49734 51394
Non-Federal.............. --- 133545 196311 206752 213995 216474
Nonprofit.............. --- 90992 132368 142864 151444 153928
Proprietary............ --- 4698 7713 9696 10389 11090
State-local government. --- 37854 56230 54192 52163 51457
Type of ownership 1985 1986 1987
Admissions Number in thousands
All ownerships..... 35478 34399 33592
Federal.................. 1977 1988 1959
Non-Federal.............. 33501 32410 31633
Nonprofit.............. 24188 23492 22946
Proprietary............ 3242 3231 3157
State-local government. 6071 5687 5530
Average length of stay Number of days
All ownerships..... 7.3 7.3 7.4
Federal.................. 11.6 11.3 11.3
Non-Federal.............. 7.1 7.1 7.2
Nonprofit.............. 7.2 7.2 7.2
Proprietary............ 6.1 6.1 6.3
State-local government. 7.2 7.4 7.6
Outpatient visits1/ Number in thousands
All ownerships..... 272833 285216 300960
Federal.................. 50059 50946 53256
Non-Federal.............. 222773 234270 247704
Nonprofit.............. 160002 168284 178089
Proprietary............ 12378 14896 16566
State-local government. 50394 51091 53049
1/Because of modifications in the collection of outpatient data for 1977 and
1982, there are discontinuities in the trends for this item.
NOTE: Excludes psychiatric and tuberculosis and other respiratory disease
hospitals.
SOURCES: American Hospital Association: Hospitals. JAHA 35(15):396-401 and 45
(15):463-467, Aug. 1961 and Aug. 1971; Hospital Statistics, 1976,
1981, 1984-87 Editions. Chicago, 1976, 1981, 1984-87. (Copyrights
1961, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1984-87: Used with the permission of the
American Hospital Association.)
3Nursing home resident >65 & rate/1000 by age/sex/race:60,73-7,85
Table 77. Nursing home and personal care home residents 65 years of age
and over and rate per 1,000 population, according to age, sex,
and race: United States, 1963, 1973-74, 1977, and 1985
(Data are based on a sample of nursing homes)
Residents
Age, sex, and race 1963 1973-742/ 19773/ 1985
Age
All ages................ 445600 961500 1126000 1318300
65-74 years............. 89600 163100 211400 212100
75-84 years............. 207200 384900 464700 509000
85 years and over....... 148700 413600 449900 597300
Sex
Male.................... 141000 265700 294000 334400
65-74 years............. 35100 65100 80200 80600
75-84 years............. 65200 102300 122100 141300
85 years and over....... 40700 98300 91700 112600
Female.................. 304500 695800 832000 983900
65-74 years............. 54500 98000 131200 131500
75-84 years............. 142000 282600 342600 367700
85 years and over....... 108000 315300 358200 484700
Race4/
White................... 431700 920600 1059900 1227400
65-74 years............. 84400 150100 187500 187800
75-84 years............. 202000 369700 443200 473600
85 years and over....... 145400 400800 429100 566000
Black................... 13800 37700 60800 82000
65-74 years............. 5200 12200 22000 22500
75-84 years............. 5300 13400 19700 30600
85 years and over....... 3300 12100 19100 29000
Residents per 1,000 population1/
Age, sex, and race 1963 1973-742/ 19773/ 1985
Age
All ages................ 25.4 44.7 47.1 46.2
65-74 years............. 7.9 12.3 14.4 12.5
75-84 years............. 39.6 57.7 64.0 57.7
85 years and over....... 148.4 257.3 225.9 220.3
Sex
Male.................... 18.1 30.0 30.3 29.0
65-74 years............. 6.8 11.3 12.6 10.8
75-84 years............. 29.1 39.9 44.9 43.0
85 years and over....... 105.6 182.7 146.3 145.7
Female.................. 31.1 54.9 58.6 57.9
65-74 years............. 8.8 13.1 15.8 13.8
75-84 years............. 47.5 68.9 75.4 66.4
85 years and over....... 175.1 294.9 262.4 250.1
Race4/
White................... 26.6 46.9 48.9 47.7
65-74 years............. 8.1 12.5 14.2 12.3
75-84 years............. 41.7 60.3 67.0 59.1
85 years and over....... 157.7 270.8 234.2 228.7
Black................... 10.3 22.0 30.7 35.0
65-74 years............. 5.9 11.1 17.6 15.4
75-84 years............. 13.8 26.7 33.4 45.3
85 years and over....... 41.8 105.7 133.6 141.5
1/Residents per 1,000 population for 1973-74 and 1977 will differ from
those presented in the sources because the rates have been recomputed
using revised census estimates for these years (see source note).
2/Excludes residents in personal care or domiciliary care homes.
3/Includes residents in domiciliary care homes.
4/For data years 1973-74 and 1977, all Hispanics were included in the
white category. For 1963, black includes all other races.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Characteristics of
residents in institutions for the aged and chronically ill,
United States, April-June 1963, by G. S. Wunderlich. Vital and
Health Statistics. Series 12, No. 2. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 1000.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing
Office, Sept. 1965; Characteristics, social contacts, and
activities of nursing home residents, United States: 1973-74
National Nursing Home Survey, by A. Zappolo. Vital and Health
Statistics. Series 13, No. 27. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 77-1778.
Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S. Government
Printing Office, May 1977; Characteristics of nursing home
residents, health status, and care received: National Nursing
Home Survey, United States, May-December 1977, by E. Hing.
Vital and Health Statistics. Series 13, No. 51. DHHS Pub.
No. (PHS) 81-1712. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.
Government Printing Office, April 1981; The National Nursing
Home Survey: 1985 summary for the United States, by E. Hing, E.
Sekscenski, and G. Strahan. Vital and Health Statistics. Series
13, No. 97. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1758. Public Health Service.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1989. U.S.
Bureau of the Census: Preliminary estimates of the population
of the United States by age, sex, and race: 1970-1981. Current
Population Reports. Series P-25, No. 917. Washington. U.S.
Government Printing Office, July 1982.
3Nursing home residents by select functional status & age:'77,'85
Table 78. Nursing home residents, according to selected functional
status and age: United States, 1977 and 1985
(Data are based on a sample of nursing homes)
1977
All Under 65 65-74 75-84 85 years
Functional status ages years years years and over
Number of residents
All residents............ 1303100 177100 211400 464700 449900
Percent distribution
Total.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Dressing
Independent.............. 30.6 44.8 38.8 27.5 24.2
Requires assistance1/.... 69.4 55.2 61.2 72.5 75.8
Using toilet room
Independent.............. 47.5 61.8 53.1 45.7 41.0
Requires assistance...... 42.5 28.1 37.8 44.7 48.0
Does not use............. 10.1 10.1 9.1 9.6 11.0
Mobility
Walks independently...... 33.9 53.6 43.2 33.2 22.5
Walks with assistance.... 28.8 15.7 21.4 30.5 35.6
Chairfast................ 32.0 25.5 30.5 31.5 35.9
Bedfast.................. 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.9 6.1
Continence
No difficulty controlling
bowel or bladder........ 54.7 68.0 62.4 52.9 47.8
Difficulty controlling--
Bowel.................. 3.7 3.0 3.7 4.0 3.8
Bladder................ 9.0 5.8 6.5 9.4 11.1
Bowel and bladder...... 25.9 16.8 20.6 26.9 30.8
Ostomy in either bowel
or bladder.............. 6.7 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.5
Eating
Independent.............. 67.4 73.8 72.9 66.2 63.5
Requires assistance2/.... 32.6 26.2 27.1 33.8 36.5
Vision
Not impaired............. 67.2 81.0 75.4 67.9 57.2
Partially impaired....... 19.0 10.9 13.4 19.6 24.1
Severely impaired........ 6.6 2.2 3.3 6.1 10.4
Completely lost.......... 2.9 2.2 2.6 2.6 3.8
Unknown.................. 4.3 3.8 5.3 3.9 4.5
Hearing
Not impaired............. 69.5 87.6 81.0 71.6 54.9
Partially impaired....... 21.7 6.6 11.4 21.2 33.1
Severely impaired........ 4.3 *0.4 1.9 3.0 8.4
Completely lost.......... 0.7 *1.1 *0.7 *0.6 *0.7
Unknown.................. 3.7 4.4 5.0 3.6 3.0
1985
All Under 65 65-74 75-84 85 years
Functional status ages years years years and over
Number of residents
All residents............ 1491400 173100 212100 509000 597300
Percent distribution
Total.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Dressing
Independent.............. 24.6 41.1 29.8 24.1 18.3
Requires assistance1/.... 75.4 58.9 70.2 75.9 81.7
Using toilet room
Independent.............. 39.1 57.1 43.4 39.7 32.0
Requires assistance...... 48.9 31.5 45.8 47.8 55.9
Does not use............. 12.0 11.4 10.8 12.6 12.1
Mobility
Walks independently...... 29.3 51.0 39.6 30.4 18.4
Walks with assistance.... 24.8 13.5 20.4 24.7 29.6
Chairfast................ 39.5 29.3 33.7 38.7 45.1
Bedfast.................. 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.9
Continence
No difficulty controlling
bowel or bladder........ 48.1 67.7 57.1 45.0 41.9
Difficulty controlling--
Bowel.................. 1.9 *1.5 *2.0 1.7 2.2
Bladder................ 10.3 6.4 6.8 11.0 12.0
Bowel and bladder...... 31.7 16.8 27.5 33.6 35.8
Ostomy in either bowel
or bladder.............. 8.1 7.5 6.6 8.7 8.1
Eating
Independent.............. 60.7 68.5 66.6 60.9 56.1
Requires assistance2/.... 39.3 31.5 33.4 39.1 43.9
Vision
Not impaired............. 75.9 88.5 83.3 77.8 68.1
Partially impaired....... 14.6 5.9 10.0 14.2 19.1
Severely impaired........ 5.6 *1.9 4.3 4.1 8.4
Completely lost.......... 2.5 *2.5 *1.3 2.1 3.2
Unknown.................. 1.4 *1.2 *1.0 1.8 1.2
Hearing
Not impaired............. 78.5 96.1 90.4 82.6 65.7
Partially impaired....... 16.7 *3.1 7.4 14.8 25.5
Severely impaired........ 3.4 *0.1 *1.1 1.5 6.8
Completely lost.......... 0.6 *0.1 *0.4 *0.6 *0.8
Unknown.................. 0.8 *0.5 *0.7 *0.5 1.1
1/Includes those who do not dress.
2/Includes those who are tube or intravenously fed.
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
SOURCES: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Characteristics of nursing home residents, health
status, and care received: National Nursing Home Survey,
United States, May-December 1977, by E. Hing. Vital and Health
Statistics. Series 13, No. 51. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 81-1712.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing
Office, April 1981; The National Nursing Home Survey: 1985
summary for the United States, by E. Hing, E. Sekscenski, and
G. Strahan. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 13, No. 97.
DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1758. Public Health Service. Washington.
U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1989.
3Admission mental health org. & rate per 1000000 civilians:'69-86
Table 79. Admissions to mental health organizations and rate per 100,000
civilian population, according to type of service and organization:
United States, selected years 1969-86
(Data are based on inventories of mental health organizations)
Admissions in thousands
Service and organization 1969 1975 1983 1986
Inpatient and residential treatment
All organizations.................... 1283 1558 1633 1817
State and county mental hospitals.... 487 434 339 330
Private psychiatric hospitals........ 92 126 165 235
Non-Federal general hospital
psychiatric services................ 478 544 786 849
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services1/.......................... 135 181 149 180
Federally funded community mental
health centers...................... 60 236 ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children...... 8 12 17 25
All other2,3/........................ 23 25 177 198
Outpatient treatment
All organizations.................... 1147 2291 2665 2765
State and county mental hospitals.... 164 146 84 62
Private psychiatric hospitals........ 26 33 78 123
Non-Federal general hospital
psychiatric services................ 171 255 469 494
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services1/.......................... 17 94 103 125
Federally funded community mental
health centers...................... 177 785 ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children...... 8 20 33 62
Freestanding psychiatric outpatient
clinics3/........................... 538 871 538 391
All other2,3/........................ 46 87 1360 1508
Partial care treatment
All organizations.................... 55 163 177 189
State and county mental hospitals.... 11 14 4 6
Private psychiatric hospitals........ 3 3 6 9
Non-Federal general hospital
psychiatric services................ 18 14 46 39
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services1/.......................... 4 8 10 7
Federally funded community mental
health centers...................... 13 94 ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children...... 1 3 3 5
Freestanding psychiatric outpatient
clinics3,4/......................... 4 22 5 ...
All other2,3,5/...................... 2 5 103 123
Rate per 100,000 civilian population
Service and organization 1969 1975 1983 1986
Inpatient and residential treatment
All organizations....................644.2 736.5 701.4 759.9
State and county mental hospitals....244.4 205.1 146.0 139.1
Private psychiatric hospitals........ 46.2 59.4 70.9 98.0
Non-Federal general hospital
psychiatric services................240.1 257.2 336.8 354.8
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services1/.......................... 67.9 85.5 64.3 75.1
Federally funded community mental
health centers...................... 30.0 111.7 ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children...... 3.8 5.7 7.1 10.2
All other2,3/........................ 11.8 11.9 76.3 82.7
Outpatient treatment
All organizations....................575.9 1083.2 1147.5 1155.7
State and county mental hospitals.... 82.5 69.1 36.3 26.0
Private psychiatric hospitals........ 12.8 15.6 33.4 51.5
Non-Federal general hospital
psychiatric services................ 85.7 120.5 202.1 206.3
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services1/.......................... 8.4 44.4 44.5 52.3
Federally funded community mental
health centers...................... 88.7 371.2 ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children...... 4.0 9.4 14.1 25.8
Freestanding psychiatric outpatient
clinics3/...........................270.4 411.8 231.7 163.2
All other2,3/........................ 23.4 41.2 585.4 630.6
Partial care treatment
All organizations.................... 27.8 77.2 76.3 78.9
State and county mental hospitals.... 5.3 6.7 1.6 2.4
Private psychiatric hospitals........ 1.4 1.5 2.4 3.7
Non-Federal general hospital
psychiatric services................ 9.1 6.7 19.8 16.4
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services1/.......................... 1.8 3.7 4.4 3.1
Federally funded community mental
health centers...................... 6.5 44.5 ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children...... 0.3 1.6 1.5 2.3
Freestanding psychiatric outpatient
clinics3,4/......................... 2.2 10.4 2.3 ...
All other2,3,5/...................... 1.2 2.1 44.3 51.0
1/Includes Veterans Administration neuropsychiatric hospitals and Veterans
Administration general hospitals with separate psychiatric services.
2/Includes other multiservice mental health organizations with inpatient and
residential treatment services that are not elsewhere classified.
3/Beginning in 1983 a definitional change sharply increased the number of
multiservice mental health organizations while decreasing the number of
freestanding psychiatric outpatient clinics. See Appendix I.
4/Beginning in 1986 outpatient psychiatric clinics providing partial
care are counted as multiservice mental health organizations in the "all
other" category.
5/Includes freestanding psychiatric partial care organizations.
NOTES: Changes in reporting procedures in 1981 affect the comparability of
data with those from previous years. Some numbers in this table have
been revised and differ from previous editions of Health, United
States.
SOURCES: Survey and Reports Branch, Division of Biometry and Applied Sciences,
National Institute of Mental Health: R. W. Manderscheid and S. A.
Barrett: Mental Health, United States, 1987. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)
87-1518, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987; Unpublished data.
3Residential treatment in mental health org. civilians: '69-86
Table 80. Inpatient and residential treatment episodes in mental
health organizations, rate per 100,000 civilian population,
and inpatient days, according to type of organization:
United States, selected years 1969-86
(Data are based on inventories of mental health organizations)
Organization 1969 1975 19811/
Episodes in thousands
All organizations........................... 1710 1817 1720
State and county mental hospitals........... 767 599 499
Private psychiatric hospitals............... 103 137 177
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................... 535 566 677
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services2/................................. 187 214 206
Federally funded community mental health
centers.................................... 65 247 ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children............. 21 28 34
All other3,4/............................... 32 26 127
Episodes per 100,000
civilian population
All organizations........................... 859.1 859.6 755.6
State and county mental hospitals........... 385.3 283.3 219.3
Private psychiatric hospitals............... 51.5 64.8 77.5
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................... 269.0 267.6 297.3
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services2/................................. 93.9 101.4 90.3
Federally funded community mental health
centers.................................... 32.6 116.8 ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children............. 10.7 13.4 15.1
All other3,4/............................... 16.1 12.3 56.1
Days in thousands
All organizations........................... 68934 104970 77053
State and county mental hospitals........... 34185 70584 44558
Private psychiatric hospitals............... 4237 4401 5578
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................... 6500 8349 10727
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services2/................................. 17206 11725 7591
Federally funded community mental health
centers.................................... 1924 3718 ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children............. 4528 5900 6127
All other3,4/............................... 354 293 2472
Organization 1983 1986
Episodes in thousands
All organizations........................... 1861 2055
State and county mental hospitals........... 459 445
Private psychiatric hospitals............... 181 258
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................... 820 883
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services2/................................. 171 204
Federally funded community mental health
centers.................................... ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children............. 33 47
All other3,4/............................... 197 218
Episodes per 100,000
civilian population
All organizations........................... 799.1 858.9
State and county mental hospitals........... 197.7 186.0
Private psychiatric hospitals............... 77.8 107.9
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................... 351.3 369.0
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services2/................................. 73.4 85.2
Federally funded community mental health
centers.................................... ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children............. 14.0 19.7
All other3,4/............................... 84.9 91.1
Days in thousands
All organizations........................... 81821 83413
State and county mental hospitals........... 42427 39075
Private psychiatric hospitals............... 6010 8568
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................... 12529 12570
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services2/................................. 7425 7753
Federally funded community mental health
centers.................................... ... ...
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children............. 5776 8267
All other3,4/............................... 7654 7180
1/In 1981, some organizations were reclassified and data for some
organization types were not available, resulting in a particularly large
increase for the all other category in 1981.
2/Includes Veterans Administration neuropsychiatric hospitals and Veterans
Administration general hospitals with separate psychiatric services.
3/Includes other multiservice mental health organizations with inpatient and
residential treatment services that are not elsewhere classified.
4/Beginning in 1983 a definitional change sharply increased the number of
multiservice mental health organizations. See Appendix I.
NOTES: Changes in reporting procedures in 1981 affect the comparability of
data with those from previous years. Some numbers in this table have
been revised and differ from previous editions of Health, United
States.
SOURCES: Survey and Reports Branch, Division of Biometry and Applied
Sciences, National Institute of Mental Health: R. W. Manderscheid
and S. A. Barrett: Mental Health, United States, 1987. DHHS Pub. No.
(ADM) 87-1518. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987; Unpublished
data.
3Admission psychiatric org. & rate/100000 by sex/age/race:75,80,8
Table 81. Admissions to selected inpatient psychiatric organizations and rate
per 100,000 civilian population, according to sex, age, and race:
United States, 1975, 1980, and 1986
(Data are based on a survey of patients)
State and county mental Non-Federal general
hospitals Private psychiatric hospitals1/
hospitals
Sex, age,
and race 1975 1980 1986 1975 1980 1986 1975 1980 1986
Both sexes Number in thousands
Total.......... 385 369 326 130 141 207 516 564 794
Under 18 years. 25 17 16 15 17 42 43 44 46
18-24 years.... 72 77 58 19 23 22 93 98 120
25-44 years.... 166 177 189 47 56 91 220 249 405
45-64 years.... 102 78 48 35 32 34 121 123 142
65 years and
over.......... 21 20 15 13 14 18 38 50 82
White.......... 296 265 217 119 123 177 451 469 607
All other...... 89 104 109 10 18 30 65 95 187
Male
Total.......... 249 239 205 56 67 107 212 255 379
Under 18 years. 16 11 10 8 9 23 20 20 21
18-24 years.... 52 56 39 10 13 14 45 52 57
25-44 years.... 107 119 125 20 27 50 85 115 215
45-64 years.... 61 43 25 14 13 14 48 46 60
65 years and
over.......... 13 11 7 5 5 6 14 21 26
White.......... 191 171 135 51 58 89 184 213 274
All other...... 58 68 69 5 9 18 27 42 105
Female
Total.......... 136 130 121 74 74 101 304 309 415
Under 18 years. 9 5 6 8 7 20 23 23 25
18-24 years.... 20 22 19 9 10 8 48 45 63
25-44 years.... 59 58 64 28 29 41 135 135 190
45-64 years.... 41 35 24 21 18 20 74 77 81
65 years and
over.......... 8 9 8 8 9 12 24 29 56
White.......... 105 94 82 69 65 88 267 256 333
All other...... 31 36 40 5 9 13 37 53 82
Both sexes Rate per 100,000 civilian population
Total..........182.2 163.6 136.1 61.4 62.6 86.7 243.8 250.0 331.7
Under 18 years. 38.1 26.1 25.2 23.3 26.3 67.1 64.4 68.5 72.0
18-24 years....271.8 264.6 215.5 73.7 79.6 81.3 352.8 334.2 443.7
25-44 years....314.1 282.9 251.9 89.3 89.1 121.6 416.8 399.0 540.4
45-64 years....233.5 175.7 107.0 80.1 71.0 75.2 278.5 276.4 314.9
65 years and
over.......... 91.8 78.0 50.9 57.7 54.1 61.9 170.3 195.4 281.5
White..........161.1 136.8 106.7 64.9 63.4 87.3 245.4 241.8 299.0
All other......321.9 328.0 299.8 37.9 57.5 83.1 233.3 300.0 514.3
Male
Total..........243.7 219.8 176.6 54.5 61.9 92.1 207.1 233.8 327.6
Under 18 years. 48.3 35.4 30.1 22.5 28.9 69.8 59.1 62.6 63.7
18-24 years....409.0 387.9 292.6 78.0 92.2 103.2 350.8 365.3 428.5
25-44 years....418.4 388.1 338.4 76.6 86.8 136.1 332.8 374.7 584.2
45-64 years....291.5 202.3 114.4 66.8 63.2 65.5 228.6 219.1 281.1
65 years and
over..........136.4 105.3 57.1 50.3 47.3 52.1 152.0 203.4 223.1
White..........214.2 182.2 137.1 57.0 61.7 90.3 206.9 226.3 278.3
All other......444.5 457.8 403.0 38.1 62.7 102.8 209.1 281.1 610.3
Female
Total..........124.7 111.1 98.1 67.8 63.3 81.5 278.1 265.1 335.5
Under 18 years. 27.5 16.4 20.0 24.1 23.6 64.3 70.0 74.6 80.7
18-24 years....143.1 145.8 141.0 69.6 67.4 60.2 354.6 304.4 458.3
25-44 years....215.9 182.3 168.1 101.2 91.2 107.6 495.8 422.2 498.1
45-64 years....180.5 151.7 100.2 92.3 78.1 84.0 324.3 328.2 345.8
65 years and
over.......... 60.8 59.6 46.7 62.8 58.8 68.6 182.9 190.0 321.3
White..........111.2 94.1 78.1 72.5 65.0 84.5 281.7 256.4 318.6
All other......212.0 212.6 207.2 37.7 52.8 65.5 254.9 316.7 428.0
1/Non-Federal general hospitals include public and nonpublic facilities.
SOURCES: Survey and Reports Branch, Division of Biometry and Applied Sciences,
National Institute of Mental Health: C. A. Taube and S. A. Barrett:
Mental Health, United States, 1985. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 85-1378. U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1985; Unpublished data.
3Admission psychiatric org. by selected diagnoses/age:'75,'80,'86
Table 82. Admissions to selected inpatient psychiatric organizations,
according to selected primary diagnoses and age: United States,
1975, 1980, and 1986
(Data are based on a survey of patients)
State and county Private psychiatric Non-Federal general
mental hospitals hospitals hospitals1/
Primary diagnosis
and age 1975 1980 1986 1975 1980 1986 1975 1980 1986
All diagnoses2/ Number per 100,000 civilian population
All ages.......182.2 163.6 136.1 61.4 62.6 86.7 243.8 250.0 331.7
Under 25 years.104.8 101.2 82.1 37.7 43.1 71.4 146.7 152.2 183.1
25-44 years....314.1 282.9 251.9 89.3 89.1 121.6 416.8 399.0 540.4
45-64 years....233.5 175.7 107.0 80.1 71.0 75.2 278.5 276.4 314.9
65 years and
over.......... 91.8 78.0 50.9 57.7 54.1 61.9 170.3 195.4 281.5
Alcohol related
All ages....... 50.4 35.5 22.5 5.1 5.8 6.6 17.0 18.8 41.4
Under 25 years. 10.7 12.4 15.5 0.4 1.4 2.2 2.4 4.4 13.4
25-44 years.... 86.2 64.0 42.6 7.6 9.3 10.0 31.0 34.3 92.6
45-64 years....110.0 57.7 15.3 12.5 10.9 11.0 34.5 30.6 31.8
65 years and
over ..........14.8 11.5 *3.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 10.2 12.8 11.3
Drug related
All ages....... 6.8 7.8 8.7 1.5 1.8 6.1 8.4 7.4 20.2
Under 25 years. 7.2 9.4 5.8 1.5 1.8 7.5 7.7 7.8 18.4
25-44 years.... 12.6 12.9 14.2 2.3 3.0 9.3 13.8 9.3 41.2
45-64 years.... *0.6 1.4 10.5 0.1 1.0 *1.8 6.5 7.1 *2.1
65 years and
over.......... *3.5 *0.7 *0.8 0.4 0.6 --- *2.6 *2.0 *0.1
Organic disorders3/
All ages....... 9.6 6.8 4.3 2.5 2.2 2.0 9.0 7.4 9.8
Under 25 years. 2.2 1.2 *0.2 0.7 0.5 *0.5 1.1 *0.8 1.7
25-44 years.... 6.4 4.7 2.6 1.1 0.9 *0.3 5.4 5.6 6.1
45-64 years.... 12.2 8.1 7.3 1.7 2.7 *1.5 9.3 6.9 5.7
65 years and
over.......... 43.3 30.0 17.2 14.5 10.8 11.7 49.3 36.4 50.7
Affective disorders
All ages....... 21.3 22.0 22.8 26.0 26.8 41.9 91.9 79.2 121.9
Under 25 years. 7.5 9.1 9.6 9.5 13.5 28.5 35.3 32.2 49.2
25-44 years.... 40.6 36.9 43.2 39.4 38.9 63.4 160.9 123.7 176.8
45-64 years.... 29.4 32.4 25.0 43.3 36.3 38.5 135.6 113.8 147.3
65 years and
over.......... 16.8 14.3 7.9 29.6 29.2 33.4 78.5 81.0 166.3
Schizophrenia
All ages....... 61.2 62.1 49.7 13.4 13.3 9.9 58.9 59.9 63.3
Under 25 years. 35.9 36.6 18.6 11.1 10.6 5.7 42.0 38.3 30.4
25-44 years....125.8 125.0 107.5 23.8 22.5 18.9 118.0 114.5 118.6
45-64 years.... 63.5 54.8 35.9 11.3 11.6 8.5 50.3 53.6 68.9
65 years and
over.......... 9.3 13.9 18.3 2.7 3.6 *1.8 5.6 16.3 14.0
1/Non-Federal general hospitals include public and nonpublic facilities.
2/Includes all other diagnoses not listed separately.
3/Excludes alcohol and drug-related diagnoses.
*Based on fewer than 5 sample admissions.
NOTES: Primary diagnosis categories are based on the then current
International Classification of Diseases and Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. For a listing of the code
numbers, see Appendix II, table IX.
SOURCES: Survey and Reports Branch,Division of Biometry and Applied Sciences,
National Institute of Mental Health: C. A. Taube and S. A. Barrett:
Mental Health, United States, 1985. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 85-1378. U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1985; Unpublished data.
1HEALTH CARE RESOURCES
2Personnel
3Persons employed in health service sites: U.S. select yrs '70-88
Table 83. Persons employed in health service sites: United States, selected
years 1970-88
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Site 19701/ 1975 1980 1982 1983
Number of persons in thousands
All employed civilians........ 76805 85846 99303 99526 100834
All health service sites...... 4246 5945 7339 7810 7874
Offices of physicians......... 477 618 777 898 888
Offices of dentists........... 222 331 415 415 441
Offices of chiropractors2/.... 19 30 40 53 54
Hospitals..................... 2690 3441 4036 4341 4348
Nursing and personal care
facilities................... 509 891 1199 1217 1342
Other health service sites.... 330 634 872 886 801
Percent of employed civilians
All health service sites...... 5.5 6.9 7.4 7.8 7.8
Percent distribution
All health service sites...... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Offices of physicians......... 11.2 10.4 10.6 11.5 11.3
Offices of dentists........... 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.6
Offices of chiropractors2/.... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7
Hospitals..................... 63.4 57.9 55.0 55.6 55.2
Nursing and personal care
facilities................... 12.0 15.0 16.3 15.6 17.0
Other health service sites.... 7.8 10.7 11.9 11.3 10.2
Site 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
Number of persons in thousands
All employed civilians........ 105005 107150 109597 112440 114968
All health service sites...... 7934 7910 8129 8478 8781
Offices of physicians......... 896 894 896 950 985
Offices of dentists........... 468 480 497 552 521
Offices of chiropractors2/.... 61 59 66 72 77
Hospitals..................... 4288 4269 4368 4444 4520
Nursing and personal care
facilities................... 1362 1309 1339 1337 1467
Other health service sites.... 859 899 963 1123 1211
Percent of employed civilians
All health service sites...... 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.6
Percent distribution
All health service sites...... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Offices of physicians......... 11.3 11.3 11.0 11.2 11.2
Offices of dentists........... 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.5 5.9
Offices of chiropractors2/.... 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9
Hospitals..................... 54.0 54.0 53.7 52.4 51.5
Nursing and personal care
facilities................... 17.2 16.5 16.5 15.8 16.7
Other health service sites.... 10.8 11.4 11.8 13.2 13.8
1/April 1, derived from decennial census; all other data years are annual
averages from the Current Population Survey.
2/Data for 1980 and 1982 are from the American Chiropractic Association;
data for all other years are from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
NOTES: Totals exclude persons in health-related occupations who are working
in nonhealth industries, as classified by the U.S. Bureau of the
Census, such as pharmacists employed in drugstores, school nurses,
and nurses working in private households. Totals include Federal,
State, and county health workers. In 1970-82, employed persons were
classified according to the industry groups used in the 1970 Census
of Population. Beginning in 1983, persons were classified according
to the system used in the 1980 Census of Population.
SOURCES: U.S. Bureau of the Census: 1970 Census of Population, occupation
by industry. Subject Reports. Final Report PC(2)-7C. Washington.
U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. 1972; U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics: Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Population Survey: A Databook, Vol. I. Washington. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Sept. 1982; Employment and Earnings, January
1983-89. Vol. 30, No. 1, Vol. 31, No. 1, Vol. 32, No. 1, Vol. 33,
No. 1, Vol. 34, No. 1, Vol. 35, No. 1, and Vol. 36, No. 1.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1983-89;
American Chiropractic Association: Unpublished data.
3Non-fed physicians/10000 civilians by state/specialty:'75,85,87
Table 84. Active non-Federal physicians per 10,000 civilian population,
according to geographic division, State, and primary specialty:
United States, 1975, 1985, and 1987
Doctors of medicine2/
Total physicians1/ Patient care3/ Primary care4/
Geographic division
and State 1975 1985 1987 1975 1985 1987 1975 1985 1987
Number per 10,000 civilian population
United States....15.3 20.7 21.4 13.5 18.0 18.9 4.1 5.4 5.5
New England......19.1 26.7 27.7 16.9 22.9 24.2 4.6 6.2 6.2
Maine............12.8 18.7 19.3 10.7 15.6 16.0 3.8 5.4 5.4
New Hampshire....14.3 18.1 18.5 13.1 16.7 17.2 4.6 5.6 5.7
Vermont..........18.2 23.8 24.5 15.5 20.3 21.5 5.2 6.5 6.6
Massachusetts....20.8 30.2 31.2 18.3 25.4 27.0 4.7 6.4 6.4
Rhode Island.....17.8 23.3 24.9 16.1 20.2 21.8 4.4 5.5 5.6
Connecticut......19.8 27.6 29.0 17.7 24.3 25.7 4.7 6.4 6.5
Middle Atlantic..19.5 26.1 27.3 17.0 22.2 23.6 4.5 5.9 6.0
New York.........22.7 29.0 30.1 20.2 25.2 26.9 5.1 6.3 6.3
New Jersey.......16.2 23.4 24.5 14.0 19.8 21.1 4.1 5.5 5.8
Pennsylvania.....16.6 23.6 24.8 13.9 19.2 20.4 4.0 5.4 5.5
East North
Central.........13.9 19.3 19.9 12.0 16.4 17.1 3.7 5.0 5.1
Ohio.............14.1 19.9 20.6 12.2 16.8 17.5 3.7 4.8 4.8
Indiana..........10.6 14.7 15.4 9.6 13.2 14.0 3.8 4.6 4.7
Illinois.........14.5 20.5 21.1 13.1 18.2 18.9 4.1 5.5 5.7
Michigan.........15.4 20.8 21.3 12.0 16.0 16.4 3.2 4.5 4.4
Wisconsin........12.5 17.7 18.4 11.4 15.9 16.7 4.0 5.4 5.6
West North
Central.........13.3 18.3 19.1 11.4 15.6 16.4 3.8 5.2 5.3
Minnesota........14.9 20.5 21.1 13.7 18.5 19.3 4.6 6.5 6.5
Iowa.............11.4 15.6 16.5 9.4 12.4 13.1 3.5 4.3 4.4
Missouri.........15.0 20.5 21.3 11.6 16.3 17.1 3.3 4.7 4.6
North Dakota..... 9.7 15.8 16.7 9.2 14.9 15.8 4.1 5.8 6.0
South Dakota..... 8.2 13.4 14.0 7.7 12.3 13.0 3.4 5.0 5.6
Nebraska.........12.1 15.7 16.7 10.9 14.4 15.5 4.2 5.3 5.4
Kansas...........12.8 17.3 17.8 11.2 15.1 15.7 3.9 5.2 5.1
South Atlantic...14.0 19.7 20.8 12.6 17.6 18.6 3.7 5.2 5.4
Delaware.........14.3 19.7 20.2 12.7 17.1 17.7 3.8 4.7 4.7
Maryland.........18.6 30.4 31.5 16.5 24.9 26.7 4.2 6.5 6.8
District of
Columbia........39.6 55.3 57.2 34.6 45.6 47.5 7.2 10.3 10.6
Virginia.........12.9 19.5 20.1 11.9 17.8 18.6 3.8 5.4 5.6
West Virginia....11.0 16.3 17.2 10.0 14.6 15.2 3.3 4.4 4.6
North Carolina...11.7 16.9 17.7 10.6 15.0 16.1 3.5 4.7 4.9
South Carolina...10.0 14.7 15.5 9.3 13.6 14.5 3.3 4.5 4.7
Georgia..........11.5 16.2 16.8 10.6 14.7 15.4 3.3 4.3 4.4
Florida..........15.2 20.2 21.1 13.4 17.8 18.7 3.9 5.3 5.6
East South
Central.........10.5 15.0 15.9 9.7 14.0 14.9 3.2 4.5 4.7
Kentucky.........10.9 15.1 16.0 10.1 13.9 15.1 3.6 4.8 5.0
Tennessee........12.4 17.7 18.6 11.3 16.2 17.3 3.2 4.7 4.9
Alabama.......... 9.2 14.2 15.0 8.6 13.1 14.0 3.0 4.2 4.4
Mississippi...... 8.4 11.8 12.5 8.0 11.1 11.9 3.1 4.2 4.3
West South
Central.........11.9 16.4 17.1 10.5 14.5 15.2 3.5 4.5 4.5
Arkansas......... 9.1 13.8 14.4 8.5 12.8 13.5 3.4 4.8 4.9
Louisiana........11.4 17.3 17.9 10.5 16.1 16.8 3.3 4.5 4.5
Oklahoma.........11.6 16.1 16.7 9.4 12.9 13.4 3.2 4.0 4.4
Texas............12.5 16.8 17.3 11.0 14.7 15.3 3.6 4.5 4.5
Mountain.........14.3 17.8 18.5 12.6 15.7 16.3 4.1 5.0 5.2
Montana..........10.6 14.0 15.2 10.1 13.2 14.4 4.5 5.4 5.7
Idaho............ 9.5 12.1 12.2 8.9 11.4 11.5 4.0 4.8 4.8
Wyoming.......... 9.5 12.9 13.3 8.9 12.0 12.6 4.1 4.6 5.1
Colorado.........17.3 20.7 21.0 15.0 17.7 18.3 4.6 5.6 5.6
New Mexico.......12.2 17.0 17.7 10.1 14.7 15.5 3.4 4.8 5.2
Arizona..........16.7 20.2 20.9 14.1 17.1 17.8 4.2 5.1 5.2
Utah.............14.1 17.2 17.7 13.0 15.5 16.1 3.8 4.4 4.5
Nevada...........11.9 16.0 16.1 10.9 14.5 14.7 3.6 4.6 4.7
Pacific..........17.9 22.5 22.9 16.3 20.5 20.9 5.2 6.6 6.5
Washington.......15.3 20.2 20.8 13.6 17.9 18.5 4.7 6.3 6.4
Oregon...........15.6 19.7 20.0 13.8 17.6 18.1 4.6 6.1 6.0
California.......18.8 23.7 23.8 17.3 21.5 21.7 5.5 6.7 6.6
Alaska........... 8.4 13.0 13.8 7.8 12.1 12.7 3.5 5.6 5.7
Hawaii...........16.2 21.5 22.5 14.7 19.8 20.7 4.9 7.0 7.1
1/Includes active non-Federal doctors of medicine and doctors of osteopathy
in all other specialties not shown separately.
2/Excludes doctors of osteopathy; States with large numbers are Florida,
Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas.
3/Excludes doctors of medicine in medical teaching, administration, research,
and other nonpatient care activities.
4/Includes doctors of medicine in patient care office-based general practice
and family practice, internal medicine, and pediatrics.
SOURCES: Compiled by Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of
Health Professions based on data from the American Medical Associa-
tion the American Medical Association Physician Distribution and
Licensure in the U.S., 1975, Physician Characteristics and
Distribution in the U.S., 1986 Edition, and unpublished data;
American Osteopathic Association: 1975-76 Yearbook and
Directory of Osteopathic Physicians, 1985-86 Yearbook and Directory
of Osteopathic Physicians, and 1987-88 Yearbook and Directory of
Osteopathic Physicians.
3Type of physicians & # per 10000 people:U.S:'50-87;proj '90,2000
Table 85. Active physicians, according to type of physician, and number per
10,000 population: United States and outlying U.S. areas,
selected 1950-87 estimates and 1990 and 2000 projections
(Data are based on reporting by physicians and medical schools)
Active
All Doctors Doctor physicians
active of of per 10,000
Year physicians medicine osteopathy population
Number of physicians
1950................ 219900 209000 10900 14.1
1960................ 259400 247300 12200 14.0
1970................ 326500 314200 12300 15.6
1971................ 337400 325000 12400 16.1
1972................ 348300 335500 12800 16.4
1973................ 355700 342500 13200 16.4
1974................ 370000 356400 13600 16.9
1975................ 384500 370400 14100 17.4
1976................ 399500 385000 14500 17.9
1977................ 405900 390800 15100 18.0
1978................ 424000 408300 15700 18.6
1979................ 440400 424000 16400 19.1
1980................ 457500 440400 17100 19.7
1981................ 466600 448700 18000 19.9
1982................ 483700 465000 18700 20.5
1983................ 501200 481500 19700 21.1
1984................ --- --- 20800 ---
1985................ 534800 512900 21900 22.0
1986................ 544100 520900 23200 22.2
1987................ 560300 536200 24100 22.6
Projections
1990................ 601100 573300 27800 24.0
2000................ 721600 682100 39500 26.9
NOTES: Population estimates include residents in the United States, Puerto
Rico, and other U.S. outlying areas; U.S. citizens in foreign
countries; and the Armed Forces in the United States and abroad. For
1990 and 2000, the Series II projections of the total population
from the U.S. Bureau of the Census are used. Estimation and projection
methods are from the Bureau of Health Professions. The numbers for
doctors of medicine differ from American Medical Association figures
because physicians not classified by activity status and whose
addresses are unknown are included in this table.
SOURCES: Bureau of Health Professions: Sixth Report to the President and
Congress on the Status of Health Personnel in the United States.
Health Resources and Services Administration. DHHS Pub. No.
HRS-P-OD-88-1, Rockville, Md., 1988. Seventh Report to the President
and Congress on the Status of Health Personnel in the United States.
Health Resources and Services Administration. Forthcoming;
Unpublished data; American Medical Association: data from annual
surveys; Unpublished data.
3Physicians by activity & place of medical education:U.S. '70-87
Table 86. Physicians, according to activity and place of medical education:
United States and outlying U.S. areas, selected years 1970-87
(Data are based on reporting by physicians)
Activity and place of medical education 1970 1975 1980
Number of physicians
Doctors of medicine..................... 334028 393742 467679
Professionally active................... 310845 340280 414916
Place of medical education:
U.S. medical graduates................ 256427 --- 333325
Foreign medical graduates1/........... 54418 --- 81591
Activity:
Non-Federal........................... 281344 312089 397129
Patient care........................ 255027 287837 361915
Office-based practice............. 188924 213334 271268
General and family practice..... 50816 46347 47772
Cardiovascular diseases......... 3882 5046 6725
Dermatology..................... 2932 3442 4372
Gastroenterology................ 1112 1696 2735
Internal medicine............... 22950 28188 40514
Pediatrics...................... 10310 12687 17436
Pulmonary diseases.............. 785 1166 2040
General surgery................. 18068 19710 22409
Obstetrics and gynecology....... 13847 15613 19503
Ophthalmology................... 7627 8795 10598
Orthopedic surgery.............. 6533 8148 10719
Otolaryngology.................. 3914 4297 5262
Plastic surgery................. 1166 1706 2437
Urological surgery.............. 4273 5025 6222
Anesthesiology.................. 7369 8970 11336
Diagnostic radiology............ 896 1978 4190
Emergency medicine.............. --- --- ---
Neurology....................... 1192 1862 3245
Pathology, anatomical/clinical.. 2993 4195 5952
Psychiatry...................... 10078 12173 15946
Radiology....................... 5781 6970 7791
Other specialty................. 12400 15320 24064
Hospital-based practice........... 66103 74503 90647
Residents and interns........... 45840 53527 59615
Full-time hospital staff........ 20263 20976 31032
Other professional activity2/....... 26317 24252 35214
Federal............................... 29501 28191 17787
Patient care........................ 23508 24100 14597
Office-based practice............. 3515 2095 732
Hospital-based practice........... 19993 22005 13865
Residents and interns........... 5388 4275 2427
Full-time hospital staff........ 14605 17730 11438
Other professional activity2/....... 5993 4091 3190
Inactive................................ 19621 21449 25744
Not classified3/........................ 358 26145 20629
Unknown address......................... 3204 5868 6390
Activity and place of medical education 1985 1986 1987
Number of physicians
Doctors of medicine..................... 552716 569160 585597
Professionally active................... 497140 505750 521328
Place of medical education:
U.S. medical graduates................ 392007 398314 410300
Foreign medical graduates1/........... 105133 107436 111028
Activity:
Non-Federal........................... 475573 483812 499582
Patient care........................ 431527 436877 453230
Office-based practice............. 329041 325757 337507
General and family practice..... 53862 53622 55117
Cardiovascular diseases......... 9054 9413 9925
Dermatology..................... 5325 5354 5532
Gastroenterology................ 4135 4409 4764
Internal medicine............... 52712 52287 55452
Pediatrics...................... 22392 22530 23370
Pulmonary diseases.............. 3035 3188 3474
General surgery................. 24708 23542 23689
Obstetrics and gynecology....... 23525 23580 24271
Ophthalmology................... 12212 12134 12538
Orthopedic surgery.............. 13033 13061 13520
Otolaryngology.................. 5751 5768 6022
Plastic surgery................. 3299 3355 3520
Urological surgery.............. 7081 7030 7182
Anesthesiology.................. 15285 15310 15986
Diagnostic radiology............ 7735 8065 8557
Emergency medicine.............. --- 7277 7564
Neurology....................... 4691 4797 5087
Pathology, anatomical/clinical.. 6877 6529 6747
Psychiatry...................... 18521 18162 18695
Radiology....................... 7355 6144 6149
Other specialty................. 28453 20200 20346
Hospital-based practice........... 102486 111120 115723
Residents and interns........... 72159 77618 79483
Full-time hospital staff........ 30327 33502 36240
Other professional activity2/....... 44046 46935 46352
Federal............................... 21567 21938 21746
Patient care........................ 17293 16985 16902
Office-based practice............. 1156 1221 1149
Hospital-based practice........... 16137 15764 15753
Residents and interns........... 3252 2858 2717
Full-time hospital staff........ 12885 12906 13036
Other professional activity2/....... 4274 4953 4844
Inactive................................ 38646 46835 48042
Not classified3/........................ 13950 13661 13364
Unknown address......................... 2980 2914 2863
1/Foreign medical graduates received their medical education in schools
outside the United States and Canada.
2/Includes medical teaching, administration, research, clinical fellows, and
other.
3/Not classified established in 1970; however, complete data not available
until 1972.
NOTES: Numbers in this table differ from previous editions; data are now
included for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam and other outlying
areas. Data for 1970-86 are as of December 31. Data for 1987 are
as of January 1, 1988.
SOURCES: Haug, J. N., Roback, G. A., and Martin, B. C.: Distribution of
Physicians in the United States, 1970. Chicago. American Medical
Association, 1971; Goodman, L. J., and Mason, H. R.: Physician
Distribution and Medical Licensure in the U.S., 1975. Chicago.
American Medical Association, 1976; Bidese, C. M., and Danais,
D. G.: Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S.,
1981. Chicago. American Medical Association, 1982; Roback, G. A.,
Mead, D., and Randolph, L. L.: Physician Characteristics and
Distribution in the U.S., 1986. Chicago. American Medical Associa-
tion, 1986; Department of Data Release Services: Physician
Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S., 1987. Chicago.
American Medical Association, 1987; Unpublished data. (Copyrights
1971, 1976, 1982, and 1986-87: Used with the permission of the
American Medical Association.)
3Health personnel & # per 100000 by occupation/geo div:'70,80,87
Table 87. Active health personnel and number per 100,000 population, according
to occupation and geographic region: United States, 1970, 1980, and 1
Number Geographic
of Region
active
health United
Year and occupation personnel States Northeast
1970 Number per 100,000 population1/
Physicians...................... --- --- ---
Federal....................... --- --- ---
Non-Federal................... 290862 142.7 185.0
Doctors of medicine2/....... 279212 137.0 178.7
Doctors of osteopathy....... 11650 5.7 6.3
Dentists3/...................... 95700 47.0 58.9
Optometrists.................... 18400 9.0 9.7
Pharmacists..................... 112570 55.4 60.1
Podiatrists..................... 7110 3.5 6.0
Registered nurses............... 750000 368.9 491.2
Veterinarians................... 25900 12.7 8.3
1980
Physicians...................... 427028 189.8 ---
Federal....................... 17548 7.8 ---
Non-Federal................... 409480 182.0 224.5
Doctors of medicine2/....... 393407 174.9 216.1
Doctors of osteopathy....... 16073 7.1 8.4
Dentists3/...................... 121240 53.5 66.2
Optometrists.................... 22330 9.8 9.9
Pharmacists..................... 142780 62.5 66.5
Podiatrists..................... 8880 4.0 6.3
Registered nurses............... 1272900 560.0 736.0
Associate and diploma......... 908300 399.9 536.0
Baccalaureate................. 297300 130.9 161.0
Masters and doctorate......... 67300 29.6 39.0
Veterinarians................... 36000 16.3 10.8
1987
Physicians...................... 538216 222.7 ---
Federal....................... 21746 9.0 ---
Non-Federal................... 516470 213.7 273.9
Doctors of medicine2/....... 493743 204.3 262.1
Doctors of osteopathy....... 22727 9.4 11.7
Dentists3/...................... 140300 57.8 69.3
Optometrists.................... 25600 10.4 ---
Pharmacists..................... 156300 63.8 ---
Podiatrists..................... 11100 4.5 ---
Registered nurses............... 1627000 668.5 845.1
Associate and diploma......... 1054300 433.2 550.2
Baccalaureate................. 468860 192.6 236.1
Masters and doctorate......... 103810 42.6 58.9
Veterinarians................... 45700 18.6 ---
Geographic region
Year and occupation Midwest South West
1970 Number per 100,000 population1/
Physicians...................... --- --- ---
Federal....................... --- --- ---
Non-Federal................... 127.5 114.8 158.2
Doctors of medicine2/....... 118.2 111.5 154.8
Doctors of osteopathy....... 9.3 3.3 3.4
Dentists3/...................... 46.3 35.3 54.9
Optometrists.................... 10.3 6.6 10.5
Pharmacists..................... 57.5 50.6 52.9
Podiatrists..................... 3.6 1.6 3.0
Registered nurses............... 367.5 281.8 355.9
Veterinarians................... 16.1 11.8 15.0
1980
Physicians...................... --- --- ---
Federal....................... --- --- ---
Non-Federal................... 165.2 157.0 200.0
Doctors of medicine2/....... 153.3 152.8 195.8
Doctors of osteopathy....... 11.9 4.2 4.2
Dentists3/...................... 52.7 42.6 59.2
Optometrists.................... 10.9 7.7 11.6
Pharmacists..................... 67.8 62.1 51.8
Podiatrists..................... 3.9 2.5 4.1
Registered nurses............... 583.6 443.4 533.7
Associate and diploma......... 429.2 316.5 351.1
Baccalaureate................. 127.8 103.8 148.1
Masters and doctorate......... 26.7 23.0 34.6
Veterinarians................... 19.9 16.0 18.5
1987
Physicians...................... --- --- ---
Federal....................... --- --- ---
Non-Federal................... 196.8 187.2 217.5
Doctors of medicine2/....... 181.4 181.2 212.0
Doctors of osteopathy....... 15.4 6.0 5.5
Dentists3/...................... 60.7 46.8 61.0
Optometrists.................... --- --- ---
Pharmacists..................... --- --- ---
Podiatrists..................... --- --- ---
Registered nurses............... 723.7 557.8 611.4
Associate and diploma......... 484.9 364.9 368.3
Baccalaureate................. 197.6 158.9 199.6
Masters and doctorate......... 40.9 33.8 43.2
Veterinarians................... --- --- ---
1/Ratios for physicians and dentists are based on civilian population; ratios
for all other health occupations are based on resident population.
2/Excludes physicians not classified according to activity status.
3/Excludes dentists in military service.
SOURCES: Division of Health Professions Analysis, Bureau of Health
Professions: Supply and Characteristics of Selected Health Personnel.
DHHS Pub. No. (HRA) 81-20. Health Resources Administration.
Hyattsville, Md., June 1981; Unpublished data; American Medical
Association: Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S.,
1981 edition. Chicago 1981; Unpublished data; American Osteopathic
Association: 1980-81 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic
Physicians. Chicago, 1980; 1987-88 Yearbook and Directory of
Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago, 1987.
3Full-time equivalent employment in community hospitals:'81,85-87
Table 88. Full-time equivalent employment in selected occupations
for community hospitals: United States, 1981 and 1985-87
(Data are based on reporting by a census of registered hospitals)
Average annual
percent change
Occupation 1981 1985 1986
All hospital personnel1/............. 3069955 3024929 3055071
Administrators and assistant
administrators...................... 26734 30174 32990
Registered nurses.................... 629354 709253 736253
Licensed practical nurses............ 234226 186780 174154
Ancillary nursing personnel.......... 280614 235853 226821
Medical record administrators and
technicians......................... 38186 41199 44057
Licensed pharmacists and pharmacy
technicians......................... 47053 52973 54679
Medical technologists and other
laboratory personnel................ 147451 144831 145622
Dietitians and dietetic technicians.. 40192 33305 34241
Radiologic service personnel......... 90738 91353 94683
Occupational therapists and
recreational therapists............. 8481 10030 11210
Physical therapists and physical
therapy assistants and aides........ 27675 29064 30216
Speech pathologists and audiologists. 2463 3253 3776
Respiratory therapists and
respiratory therapy technicians..... 47312 51056 52751
Medical social workers............... 13915 15192 16042
Total trainee personnel2/............ 66906 63367 67366
Average annual
percent change
Occupation 1987 1981-85 1985-87
All hospital personnel1/............. 3143077 -0.4 1.9
Administrators and assistant
administrators...................... 32978 3.1 4.5
Registered nurses.................... 758976 3.0 3.4
Licensed practical nurses............ 170433 -5.5 -4.5
Ancillary nursing personnel.......... 234162 -4.3 -0.4
Medical record administrators and
technicians......................... 45064 1.9 4.6
Licensed pharmacists and pharmacy
technicians......................... 57297 3.0 4.0
Medical technologists and other
laboratory personnel................ 146183 -0.4 0.5
Dietitians and dietetic technicians.. 34539 -4.6 1.8
Radiologic service personnel......... 97944 0.2 3.5
Occupational therapists and
recreational therapists............. 12331 4.3 10.9
Physical therapists and physical
therapy assistants and aides........ 31692 1.2 4.4
Speech pathologists and audiologists. 4035 7.2 11.4
Respiratory therapists and
respiratory therapy technicians..... 54103 1.9 2.9
Medical social workers............... 17747 2.2 8.1
Total trainee personnel2/............ 65284 -1.3 1.5
1/Includes occupational categories not shown.
2/This category is primarily composed of medical residents.
SOURCE: Compiled by the Office of Data Analysis and Management,
Bureau of Health Professions, from the American Hospital
Association's 1981, 1985, 1986, and 1987 Annual Survey of
Hospitals.
3Full-time equivalent patient care staff:mental health org.'76-86
Table 89. Full-time equivalent patient care staff in mental health organiza-
tions, according to type of organization and staff discipline:
United States, selected years 1976-86
(Data are based on inventories of mental health organizations)
Organization and discipline 1976 1978 19841/ 1986
Number
All organizations
All patient care staff.............288463 292699 313243 346630
Professional patient care staff..143105 153598 202474 232481
Psychiatrists.................. 15339 14492 18482 17874
Psychologists2/................ 15251 16501 21052 20210
Social workers................. 25887 28125 36397 40951
Registered nurses.............. 39392 42399 54406 66180
Other professional staff3/..... 47236 52081 72137 87266
Other mental health workers......145358 139101 110769 114149
State and county mental hospitals
All patient care staff.............141127 131187 117630 119073
Professional patient care staff.. 46596 45131 51290 54853
Psychiatrists.................. 4333 3712 4108 3762
Psychologists2/................ 3039 3149 3239 3412
Social workers................. 5948 5924 6175 6238
Registered nurses.............. 15098 14859 16051 19425
Other professional staff3/..... 18178 17487 21717 22016
Other mental health workers...... 94531 86056 66340 64220
Private psychiatric hospitals
All patient care staff............. 17196 18728 26359 35480
Professional patient care staff.. 9879 11419 19524 27246
Psychiatrists.................. 1369 1285 1447 1554
Psychologists2/................ 559 590 1461 1557
Social workers................. 784 920 2179 2893
Registered nurses.............. 3395 3967 6818 10147
Other professional staff3/..... 3772 4657 7619 11095
Other mental health workers...... 7317 7309 6835 8234
Non-Federal general hospitals'
psychiatric services
All patient care staff............. 33969 34966 59848 61148
Professional patient care staff.. 21231 22401 46335 50233
Psychiatrists.................. 3933 3583 6679 6009
Psychologists2/................ 1356 1512 3283 2983
Social workers................. 2515 2552 4898 5634
Registered nurses.............. 9445 10611 20454 23454
Other professional staff3/..... 3982 4143 11021 12153
Other mental health workers...... 12738 12565 13513 10915
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services
All patient care staff............. 25226 26282 22948 23559
Professional patient care staff.. 13129 13954 16265 17782
Psychiatrists.................. 1320 1471 2463 2245
Psychologists2/................ 1134 1255 1247 1439
Social workers................. 1412 1620 1545 1680
Registered nurses.............. 4503 5326 5699 6761
Other professional staff3/..... 4760 4282 5311 5657
Other mental health workers...... 12097 12328 6683 5777
::
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children
All patient care staff............. 13824 16464 15297 25146
Professional patient care staff.. 8990 10824 10551 17599
Psychiatrists.................. 149 140 240 335
Psychologists2/................ 434 497 820 911
Social workers................. 1778 2196 2283 4585
Registered nurses.............. 301 324 485 746
Other professional staff3/..... 6328 7667 6723 11022
Other mental health workers...... 4834 5640 4746 7547
All other organizations4/
All patient care staff............. 57121 65072 71161 82224
Professional patient care staff.. 43280 49869 58509 64768
Psychiatrists.................. 4235 4301 3545 3969
Psychologists2/................ 8729 9498 11002 9908
Social workers................. 13450 14913 19317 19921
Registered nurses.............. 6650 7312 4899 5647
Other professional staff3/..... 10216 13845 19746 25323
Other mental health workers...... 13841 15203 12652 17456
Organization and discipline 1976 1978 19841/ 1986
Percent distribution
All organizations
All patient care staff............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Professional patient care staff.. 49.6 52.5 64.6 67.1
Psychiatrists.................. 5.3 5.0 5.9 5.2
Psychologists2/................ 5.3 5.6 6.7 5.8
Social workers................. 9.0 9.6 11.6 11.8
Registered nurses.............. 13.7 14.5 17.4 19.1
Other professional staff3/..... 16.4 17.8 23.0 25.2
Other mental health workers...... 50.4 47.5 35.4 32.9
State and county mental hospitals
All patient care staff............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Professional patient care staff.. 33.0 34.4 43.6 46.1
Psychiatrists.................. 3.1 2.8 3.5 3.2
Psychologists2/................ 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.9
Social workers................. 4.2 4.5 5.2 5.2
Registered nurses.............. 10.7 11.3 13.6 16.3
Other professional staff3/..... 12.9 13.3 18.5 18.5
Other mental health workers...... 67.0 65.6 56.4 53.9
Private psychiatric hospitals
All patient care staff............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Professional patient care staff.. 57.4 61.0 74.1 76.8
Psychiatrists.................. 8.0 6.9 5.5 4.4
Psychologists2/................ 3.3 3.2 5.5 4.4
Social workers................. 4.6 4.9 8.3 8.2
Registered nurses.............. 19.7 21.2 25.9 28.6
Other professional staff3/..... 21.9 24.9 28.9 31.3
Other mental health workers...... 42.6 39.0 25.9 23.2
Non-Federal general hospitals'
psychiatric services
All patient care staff............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Professional patient care staff.. 62.5 64.1 77.4 82.1
Psychiatrists.................. 11.6 10.2 11.2 9.8
Psychologists2/................ 4.0 4.3 5.5 4.9
Social workers................. 7.4 7.3 8.2 9.2
Registered nurses.............. 27.8 30.3 34.2 38.4
Other professional staff3/..... 11.7 11.8 18.4 19.9
Other mental health workers...... 37.5 35.9 22.6 17.9
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services
All patient care staff............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Professional patient care staff.. 52.0 53.1 70.9 75.5
Psychiatrists.................. 5.2 5.6 10.7 9.5
Psychologists2/................ 4.5 4.8 5.4 6.1
Social workers................. 5.6 6.2 6.7 7.1
Registered nurses.............. 17.9 20.3 24.8 28.7
Other professional staff3/..... 18.9 16.3 23.1 24.0
Other mental health workers..... 48.0 46.9 29.1 24.5
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children
All patient care staff............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Professional patient care staff.. 65.0 65.7 69.0 70.0
Psychiatrists.................. 1.1 0.9 1.6 1.3
Psychologists2/................ 3.1 3.0 5.4 3.6
Social workers................. 12.9 13.3 14.9 18.2
Registered nurses.............. 2.2 2.0 3.2 3.0
Other professional staff3/..... 45.8 46.6 43.9 43.8
Other mental health workers...... 35.0 34.3 31.0 30.0
All other organizations4/
All patient care staff............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Professional patient care staff.. 75.8 76.6 82.2 78.8
Psychiatrists.................. 7.4 6.6 5.0 4.8
Psychologists2/................ 15.3 14.6 15.5 12.1
Social workers................. 23.5 22.9 27.1 24.2
Registered nurses.............. 11.6 11.2 6.9 6.9
Other professional staff3/..... 17.9 21.3 27.7 30.8
Other mental health workers...... 24.2 23.4 17.8 21.2
1/In 1984, some organizations were reclassified.
2/During 1976-78, this category included all psychologists with a B.A. degree
and above. Beginning in 1984, only psychologists with an M.A. degree and above
are included.
3/Includes occupational therapists, recreation therapists, vocational
rehabilitation counselors, and teachers.
4/Includes freestanding outpatient, partial care, and multiservice organiza-
tions. In 1976 and 1978, also includes community mental health centers.
SOURCES: Survey and Reports Branch, Division of Biometry and Applied
Sciences, National Institute of Mental Health: R. W. Manderscheid
and S. A. Barrett: Mental Health, United States, 1987. DHHS Pub. No.
(ADM) 87-1518. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987; Unpublished
data.
31st-year enrollment & grads of health profession schools:'50-88
Table 90. First-year enrollment and graduates of health professions schools
and number of schools, according to profession: United States,
selected 1950-88 estimates and 1990 and 2000 projections
(Data are based on reporting by health professions schools)
Year Medicine Osteopathy Nursing1/ Dentistry Optom- Pharmacy Chiro-
etry practic
First-year enrollment
1980..... 17014 1426 105952 6132 1202 8035 ---
1981..... 17204 1496 110201 6030 1258 7551 ---
1982..... 17320 1582 115279 5855 1249 6899 ---
1983..... 17230 1682 120579 5498 1147 6574 ---
1984..... 17175 1746 123824 5274 1219 6715 ---
1985..... 16992 1750 118224 5047 1187 6849 ---
1986..... 16929 1737 100791 4843 1251 7084 ---
1987..... 16779 1724 90693 4554 1268 7632 ---
1988..... 16686 1692 94594 4316 --- 7864 ---
Graduates
1950..... 5553 373 25790 2565 961 --- ---
1960..... 7081 427 29895 3253 364 3497 660
1970..... 8367 432 43103 3749 445 4758 642
1975..... 12714 702 73915 4969 806 6712 1093
1980..... 15135 1059 75523 5256 1073 7278 2049
1981..... 15667 1151 73985 5550 980 7362 2526
1982..... 15985 1017 74052 5371 1020 6859 2631
1983..... 15824 1317 77408 5756 1040 6374 2948
1984..... 16327 1287 80312 5337 1089 5963 ---
1985..... 16319 1474 82075 5353 1163 5724 ---
1986..... 16125 1560 77027 4957 1114 5800 ---
1987..... 15836 1587 70561 4717 1106 5854 ---
1988..... 15947 1564 64915 4581 --- --- ---
19902/... 16362 1598 61700 4140 1030 5760 2860
20002/... 15774 1557 66600 3350 1030 5110 2950
Schools3/
1950..... 79 6 1304 42 10 --- 20
1960..... 86 6 1128 47 10 76 12
1970..... 103 7 1340 53 11 74 11
1975..... 114 9 1362 59 12 73 12
1980..... 126 14 1385 60 15 72 14
1981..... 126 15 1401 60 16 72 16
1982..... 127 15 1432 60 16 72 16
1983..... 127 15 1466 60 16 72 17
1984..... 127 15 1477 60 16 72 17
1985..... 127 15 1473 60 16 72 17
1986..... 127 15 1469 59 16 73 17
1987..... 127 15 1465 58 16 74 ---
1988..... 127 15 1442 58 16 74 ---
1/Registered nurses only.
2/Projected.
3/Some nursing schools offer more than 1 type of program. Numbers shown for
nursing are number of nursing programs.
NOTE: Some numbers in this table have been revised and differ from previous
editions of Health, United States.
SOURCES: Bureau of Health Professions: Seventh Report to the President and
Congress on the Status of Health Personnel in the United States.
Health Resources and Services Administration. Forthcoming;
Health Resources and Services Administration: Unpublished data;
National League for Nursing: Nursing Student Census, 1988. New
York, 1989; American Dental Association Council on Dental
Education: Annual Report on Dental Education 1987-88. Chicago, 1988;
American Medical Association: Medical education in the United
States. JAMA. Vol. 260, No. 8. August 26, 1988; American Association
of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine: Annual Statistical Report 1988.
Rockville, Md., 1988; American Chiropractic Association:
Unpublished data.
3Total & 1st-year enrollment minority/women health school:'78,'88
Table 91. Total and first-year enrollment of minorities and women in
schools for selected health occupations: United States, academic
years 1977-78 and 1987-88
All races, Black
Enrollment both sexes
and health
occupation 1977-78 1987-88 1977-78 1987-881/
Total enrollment Number of students
Medicine:
Allopathic........... 60039 65735 6.0 6.0
Osteopathic.......... 3926 6586 1.9 1.9
Podiatry............... 2388 2790 3.3 8.5
Dentistry2/............ 21510 17632 4.5 5.6
Optometry.............. 4209 4509 1.9 2.6
Pharmacy2,3/........... 23373 27292 4.2 8.1
Veterinary medicine.... 6918 8558 --- 2.3
Registered nurses4/.... 245390 182947 5.8 7.2
First-year
enrollment
Medicine:
Allopathic........... 16136 16713 6.7 7.3
Osteopathic.......... 1163 1692 2.2 2.2
Podiatry............... 665 716 3.8 11.3
Dentistry2/............ 5890 4316 5.0 6.5
Optometry.............. 1140 1234 --- ---
Pharmacy2/............. 8235 7407 4.7 6.2
Veterinary medicine.... 1973 2207 --- 2.8
Registered nurses4/.... 110950 90693 7.3 10.9
Other minority Women
Enrollment
and health
occupation 1977-78 1987-881/ 1977-78 1987-881/
Total enrollment Percent of students
Medicine:
Allopathic........... 6.1 14.5 23.7 34.3
Osteopathic.......... 2.5 8.1 14.5 28.9
Podiatry............... 2.8 9.0 9.3 24.4
Dentistry2/............ 5.5 17.7 --- 29.0
Optometry.............. 5.1 12.7 --- 39.1
Pharmacy2,3/........... 5.2 14.5 38.1 60.0
Veterinary medicine.... --- 4.1 30.8 55.0
Registered nurses4/.... 2.6 4.2 95.2 95.0
First-year
enrollment
Medicine:
Allopathic........... 6.6 16.9 25.6 36.5
Osteopathic.......... 3.2 10.4 16.5 29.0
Podiatry............... 3.3 10.6 9.8 24.2
Dentistry2/............ 5.9 23.5 14.8 32.0
Optometry.............. --- --- 19.8 43.8
Pharmacy2/............. 5.3 12.5 40.5 59.2
Veterinary medicine.... --- 4.3 35.8 57.3
Registered nurses4/.... 3.0 5.6 93.7 92.8
1/Total and first-year enrollment percentages for registered nurses are
based on 1986-87 data.
2/Excludes Puerto Rican schools.
3/Pharmacy enrollment data for 1977-78 are for students in the final 3 years
of pharmacy education. 1987-88 data for all pharmacy students are shown.
4/Percentages based on schools reporting minority data.
SOURCES: Association of American Medical Colleges, Section for Student
Services: Unpublished data; American Association of Colleges of
Osteopathic Medicine: Annual Statistical Report, 1988. Rockville,
Md., 1988; National League for Nursing: Nursing Student Census,
1988. New York, 1989. American Association of Colleges of Podiatric
Medicine: Podiatric Medical Education in the Eighties. Rockville,
Md., 1988; National League for Nursing: Nursing Student Census,
1987. New York, 1988. American Dental Association; American
Optometric Association; American Association of Colleges of
Pharmacy; Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges;
Unpublished data.
3Total & 1st-year enrollment & % women in medical school:72,78,88
Table 92. Total and first-year enrollment and percent of women in schools of
medicine, according to race and ethnicity: United States,
academic years 1971-72, 1977-78, and 1987-88
Both sexes Women
Enrollment and
race/ethnicity 1971-72 1977-78 1987-88 1971-72 1977-78 1987-88
Total enrollment Number of students Percent of students
All races1/............. 43650 60039 65735 10.9 23.7 34.3
White................... --- 51974 51728 --- 22.4 32.7
Minority................ 3072 6728 13487 19.0 33.0 40.3
Black................. 2055 3587 3968 20.4 38.2 51.8
Mexican American...... 252 831 1144 9.5 22.7 33.1
Mainland Puerto Rican. 76 261 467 17.1 34.1 37.5
Other Hispanic........ --- 426 1937 --- 23.2 35.5
American Indian....... 42 201 233 23.8 27.4 39.9
Asian................. 647 1422 5738 17.9 29.3 35.8
First-year enrollment
All races1/............. 12361 16136 16713 13.7 25.6 36.5
White................... --- 13732 12511 --- 24.1 34.7
Minority................ 1280 2002 4043 20.8 35.2 42.1
Black................. 882 1085 1221 22.7 40.8 54.5
Mexican American...... 118 246 308 8.5 26.8 35.4
Mainland Puerto Rican. 40 68 116 15.0 33.8 35.3
Other Hispanic........ --- 157 503 --- 27.4 37.8
American Indian....... 23 51 68 34.8 29.4 42.6
Asian................. 217 395 1827 19.4 29.1 36.6
1/Includes race/ethnicity unspecified.
SOURCES: Association of American Medical Colleges, Section for Student
Services, Annual Fall Enrollment Surveys; Unpublished data.
2Facilities
3Short-stay hosp,beds,occupancy rate by type ownership:U.S.'70-86
Table 93. Short-stay hospitals, beds, and occupancy rates, according
to type of ownership: United States, selected years 1960-87
(Data are based on reporting by a census of registered hospitals)
Type of ownership 1960 1970 1975 1980 1983
Hospitals Number
All ownerships..... 5768 6193 6310 6229 6148
Federal.................. 361 334 331 325 305
Non-Federal.............. 5407 5859 5979 5904 5843
Nonprofit.............. 3291 3386 3364 3339 3363
Proprietary............ 856 769 775 730 757
State-local government. 1260 1704 1840 1835 1723
Beds
All ownerships..... 735451 935724 1036025 1080164 1105201
Federal.................. 96394 87492 89049 88144 83837
Non-Federal.............. 639057 848232 946976 992020 1021364
Nonprofit.............. 445753 591937 658948 692929 718095
Proprietary............ 37029 52739 73495 87033 94253
State-local government. 156275 203556 214533 212058 209016
Occupancy rate Percent of beds occupied
All ownerships..... 75.7 77.9 75.0 75.6 73.8
Federal.................. 82.5 77.5 77.6 77.8 78.4
Non-Federal.............. 74.7 78.0 74.8 75.4 73.4
Nonprofit.............. 76.6 80.1 77.4 78.2 75.8
Proprietary............ 65.4 72.2 65.9 65.2 63.1
State-local government. 71.6 73.2 69.7 70.7 70.0
Type of ownership 1984 1985 1986 1987
Hospitals Number
All ownerships..... 6118 6091 6035 5967
Federal.................. 304 307 307 308
Non-Federal.............. 5814 5784 5728 5659
Nonprofit.............. 3366 3364 3338 3289
Proprietary............ 786 805 834 828
State-local government. 1662 1615 1556 1542
Beds
All ownerships..... 1102166 1087750 1066611 1046013
Federal.................. 82415 84612 85071 84523
Non-Federal.............. 1019751 1003138 981540 961490
Nonprofit.............. 716869 707806 689685 673308
Proprietary............ 99980 103921 106716 105746
State-local government. 202902 191411 185139 182436
Occupancy rate Percent of beds occupied
All ownerships..... 69.5 65.5 64.9 65.5
Federal.................. 76.6 74.3 72.6 71.8
Non-Federal.............. 68.9 64.8 64.2 64.9
Nonprofit.............. 71.4 67.2 66.8 67.6
Proprietary............ 57.0 52.1 50.7 51.1
State-local government. 65.9 62.8 62.6 64.9
NOTE: Excludes psychiatric and tuberculosis and other respiratory disease
hospitals.
SOURCES: American Hospital Association: Hospitals. JAHA 35(15):396-401 and
45(15):463-467, Aug. 1961 and Aug. 1971; Hospital Statistics, 1976,
1981, 1984-87 Editions. Chicago, 1976, 1981, 1984-87. (Copyrights
1961, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1984-87: Used with the permission of the
American Hospital Association.)
3Long-term hosp.,beds,occupancy rate by type ownership:U.S.'70-86
Table 94. Long-term hospitals, beds, and occupancy rates, according to
type of hospital and ownership: United States, selected
years 1970-87
(Data are based on reporting by a census of registered hospitals)
Type of hospital
and ownership 1970 1975 1980 1983
Hospitals Number
General.................... 75 44 17 22
Federal.................. 38 23 9 13
Non-Federal.............. 37 21 8 9
Psychiatric................ 459 419 381 377
Federal.................. 33 26 23 22
Nonprofit................ 56 45 47 50
Proprietary.............. 39 51 57 65
State-local government... 331 297 254 240
Tuberculosis and other
respiratory diseases...... 103 34 10 5
All other.................. 200 196 150 124
Federal.................. 1 2 1 2
Nonprofit................ 110 94 66 58
Proprietary.............. 2 9 11 10
State-local government... 87 91 72 54
Beds
General.................... 42569 17329 8253 11464
Federal.................. 31403 14406 7205 9978
Non-Federal.............. 11166 2923 1048 1486
Psychiatric................ 551847 344257 218400 183843
Federal.................. 41500 27523 20871 18549
Nonprofit................ 8892 5366 6645 6814
Proprietary.............. 3399 4821 5877 7214
State-local government... 498056 306547 185007 151266
Tuberculosis and other
respiratory diseases...... 19937 5699 1500 547
All other.................. 49152 49268 37911 29578
Federal.................. 357 968 357 578
Nonprofit................ 12638 12733 10038 8363
Proprietary.............. 101 879 1356 1213
State-local government... 36056 34688 26160 19424
Occupancy rate Percent of beds occupied
General.................... 79.2 84.4 83.9 85.3
Federal.................. 80.4 85.2 84.6 85.9
Non-Federal.............. 75.8 80.4 79.0 81.3
Psychiatric................ 84.9 81.3 85.9 87.6
Federal.................. 83.4 88.3 87.9 86.8
Nonprofit................ 85.2 84.8 87.2 87.2
Proprietary.............. 78.4 74.1 76.3 77.3
State-local government... 85.0 80.8 86.0 88.2
Tuberculosis and other
respiratory diseases...... 61.9 57.6 66.4 66.4
All other.................. 83.3 82.3 85.9 86.6
Federal.................. 73.4 86.3 65.3 79.4
Nonprofit................ 82.8 83.3 87.3 89.3
Proprietary.............. 87.1 86.0 86.5 92.0
State-local government... 83.6 81.7 85.6 85.3
Type of hospital
and ownership 1984 1985 1986 1987
Hospitals Number
General.................... 25 23 21 16
Federal.................. 15 14 13 13
Non-Federal.............. 10 9 8 3
Psychiatric................ 382 383 390 391
Federal.................. 19 19 18 18
Nonprofit................ 54 57 55 51
Proprietary.............. 77 81 91 96
State-local government... 232 226 226 226
Tuberculosis and other
respiratory diseases...... 5 5 2 3
All other.................. 124 122 129 126
Federal.................. 3 3 4 3
Nonprofit................ 61 59 61 58
Proprietary.............. 10 13 15 17
State-local government... 50 47 49 48
Beds
General.................... 13846 12985 11112 9792
Federal.................. 11994 10073 9079 9232
Non-Federal.............. 1852 2912 2033 560
Psychiatric................ 171367 162968 157378 150727
Federal.................. 16205 15739 15167 14585
Nonprofit................ 6941 6708 6668 5994
Proprietary.............. 8458 8832 9270 9786
State-local government... 139763 131689 126273 120362
Tuberculosis and other
respiratory diseases...... 664 574 183 339
All other.................. 30124 29519 29614 27541
Federal.................. 1694 1599 1812 1451
Nonprofit................ 9049 9391 9829 8785
Proprietary.............. 1067 1364 1844 1681
State-local government... 18314 17165 16129 15624
Occupancy rate Percent of beds occupied
General.................... 83.9 80.2 79.1 75.0
Federal.................. 84.1 80.7 77.8 74.7
Non-Federal.............. 83.0 78.6 85.0 80.4
Psychiatric................ 87.6 87.2 87.0 87.9
Federal.................. 86.9 83.5 79.6 83.1
Nonprofit................ 86.8 86.5 85.5 81.7
Proprietary.............. 77.2 77.6 75.8 75.8
State-local government... 88.4 88.3 88.8 89.8
Tuberculosis and other
respiratory diseases...... 62.3 64.3 59.6 70.5
All other.................. 88.8 88.7 87.5 87.2
Federal.................. 84.4 81.9 80.1 82.2
Nonprofit................ 90.0 89.9 88.4 87.9
Proprietary.............. 92.1 85.6 82.6 76.3
State-local government... 88.4 88.9 88.4 88.5
SOURCES: American Hospital Association: Hospitals. JAHA 45(15):463-467,
Aug. 1971; Hospital Statistics, 1976, 1981, 1984-88 Editions.
Chicago, 1976, 1981, 1984-88. (Copyrights 1971, 1976, 1981,
1984-88: Used with the permission of the American Hospital
Association.)
3Inpatient & residential treatment beds-mental health org.'70-86
Table 95. Inpatient and residential treatment beds in mental health organi-
zations and rate per 100,000 civilian population, according to
type of organization: United States, selected years 1970-86
(Data are based on inventories of mental health organizations)
Organization 1970 1976 19801/
Number
All organizations........................ 524878 338963 274713
State and county mental hospitals........ 413066 222202 156482
Private psychiatric hospitals............ 14295 16091 17157
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................ 22394 28706 29384
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services3/.............................. 50688 35913 33796
Federally funded community mental health
centers................................. 8108 17029 16264
Residential treatment centers for emotionally
disturbed children...................... 15129 18029 20197
All other4,5/............................ 1198 993 1433
Number per 100,000 civilian population
All organizations........................ 263.6 160.3 124.3
State and county mental hospitals........ 207.4 105.1 70.2
Private psychiatric hospitals............ 7.2 7.6 7.7
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................ 11.2 13.6 13.7
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services3/.............................. 25.5 17.0 15.7
Federally funded community mental health
centers................................. 4.1 8.0 7.3
Residential treatment centers for emotionally
disturbed children...................... 7.6 8.5 9.1
All other4,5/............................ 0.6 0.5 0.6
Organization 19822/ 1984 1986
Number
All organizations........................ 247312 262673 267613
State and county mental hospitals........ 140140 130411 119033
Private psychiatric hospitals............ 19011 21474 30201
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................ 36525 46045 45808
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services3/.............................. 24646 23546 26874
Federally funded community mental health
centers................................. ... ... ...
Residential treatment centers for emotionally
disturbed children...................... 18475 16745 24547
All other4,5/............................ 8515 24452 21150
Number per 100,000 civilian population
All organizations........................ 108.1 112.9 111.7
State and county mental hospitals........ 61.2 56.1 49.7
Private psychiatric hospitals............ 8.3 9.2 12.6
Non-Federal general hospital psychiatric
services................................ 16.0 19.8 19.1
Veterans Administration psychiatric
services3/.............................. 10.8 10.1 11.2
Federally funded community mental health
centers................................. ... ... ...
Residential treatment centers for emotionally
disturbed children...................... 8.1 7.2 10.3
All other4,5/............................ 3.7 10.5 8.8
1/During 1979-80, comparable data were not available for certain organization
types, and data for either an earlier or later period were substituted.
2/During 1981-82, some organizations were reclassified and data for some
organization types were not available, resulting in a particularly large
increase for the all other category in 1982.
3/Includes Veterans Administration neuropsychiatric hospitals and Veterans
Administration general hospitals with separate psychiatric services.
4/Includes other multiservice mental health organizations with inpatient and
residential treatment services that are not elsewhere classified.
5/Beginning in 1983 a definitional change sharply increased the number of
multiservice mental health organizations. See Appendix I.
NOTE: Changes in reporting procedures in 1979-80 and 1981-82 affect the
comparability of data with those from previous years.
SOURCES: Survey and Reports Branch,Division of Biometry and Applied Sciences,
National Institute of Mental Health: R. W. Manderscheid and S. A.
Barrett: Mental Health, United States, 1987. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)
87-1518. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987; Unpublished data.
3Community hosp beds/1000 people &avg ann.% change by state'40-87
Table 96. Community hospital beds per 1,000 population and average annual
percent change, according to geographic division and State:
United States, selected years 1940-87
(Data are based on reporting by facilities)
Beds per 1,000 civilian population
Geographic division
and State 19401/ 19501/ 19602/ 1970 1980 1985
United States............. 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.3 4.5 4.2
New England............... 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0
Maine..................... 3.0 3.2 3.4 4.7 4.7 4.2
New Hampshire............. 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.4
Vermont................... 3.3 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.4 3.8
Massachusetts............. 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4
Rhode Island.............. 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.6
Connecticut............... 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3
Middle Atlantic........... 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.4
New York.................. 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.4
New Jersey................ 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.6 4.2 3.9
Pennsylvania.............. 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.7
East North Central........ 3.2 3.2 3.6 4.4 4.7 4.5
Ohio...................... 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.2 4.7 4.6
Indiana................... 2.3 2.6 3.1 4.0 4.5 4.2
Illinois.................. 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.7 5.1 4.7
Michigan.................. 4.0 3.3 3.3 4.3 4.4 4.1
Wisconsin................. 3.4 3.7 4.3 5.2 4.9 4.6
West North Central........ 3.1 3.7 4.3 5.7 5.8 5.4
Minnesota................. 3.9 4.4 4.8 6.1 5.7 5.2
Iowa...................... 2.7 3.2 3.9 5.6 5.7 5.2
Missouri.................. 2.9 3.3 3.9 5.1 5.7 5.2
North Dakota.............. 3.5 4.3 5.2 6.8 7.4 7.4
South Dakota.............. 2.8 4.4 4.5 5.6 5.5 6.6
Nebraska.................. 3.4 4.2 4.4 6.2 6.0 6.0
Kansas.................... 2.8 3.4 4.2 5.4 5.8 5.2
South Atlantic............ 2.5 2.8 3.3 4.0 4.5 4.1
Delaware.................. 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5
Maryland.................. 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.6 3.4
District of Columbia...... 5.5 5.5 5.9 7.4 7.3 7.8
Virginia.................. 2.2 2.5 3.0 3.7 4.1 3.8
West Virginia............. 2.7 3.1 4.1 5.4 5.5 5.1
North Carolina............ 2.2 2.6 3.4 3.8 4.2 3.7
South Carolina............ 1.8 2.4 2.9 3.7 3.9 3.6
Georgia................... 1.7 2.0 2.8 3.8 4.6 4.3
Florida................... 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.4 5.1 4.6
East South Central........ 1.7 2.1 3.0 4.4 5.1 5.0
Kentucky.................. 1.8 2.2 3.0 4.0 4.5 4.4
Tennessee................. 1.9 2.3 3.4 4.7 5.5 5.3
Alabama................... 1.5 2.0 2.8 4.3 5.1 5.0
Mississippi............... 1.4 1.7 2.9 4.4 5.3 5.2
West South Central........ 2.1 2.7 3.3 4.3 4.7 4.2
Arkansas.................. 1.4 1.6 2.9 4.2 5.0 4.8
Louisiana................. 3.1 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.8 4.6
Oklahoma.................. 1.9 2.5 3.2 4.5 4.6 4.1
Texas..................... 2.0 2.7 3.3 4.3 4.7 4.1
Mountain.................. 3.6 3.8 3.5 4.3 3.8 3.5
Montana................... 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.8 5.9 5.5
Idaho..................... 2.6 3.4 3.2 4.0 3.7 3.5
Wyoming................... 3.5 3.9 4.6 5.5 3.6 4.3
Colorado.................. 3.9 4.2 3.8 4.6 4.2 3.6
New Mexico................ 2.7 2.2 2.9 3.5 3.1 2.9
Arizona................... 3.4 4.0 3.0 4.1 3.6 3.2
Utah...................... 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.6 3.1 2.7
Nevada.................... 5.0 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.2 3.7
Pacific................... 4.1 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.2
Washington................ 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.0
Oregon.................... 3.5 3.1 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.2
California................ 4.4 3.3 3.0 3.8 3.6 3.2
Alaska.................... ... ... 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.2
Hawaii.................... ... ... 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.8
Beds per 1,000 Average annual percent change
civilian pop.
Geographic division 1940- 1960-
and State 1986 1987 601,2/ 702/ 1970-80 1980-87
United States............. 4.1 4.0 0.6 1.8 0.5 -1.7
New England............... 3.8 3.6 -0.6 0.5 0.0 -1.8
Maine..................... 4.2 4.0 0.6 3.3 0.0 -2.3
New Hampshire............. 3.3 3.2 0.2 -0.9 -0.3 -2.8
Vermont................... 4.0 3.3 1.6 0.0 -0.2 -4.0
Massachusetts............. 4.3 4.0 -1.0 0.5 0.0 -1.4
Rhode Island.............. 3.5 3.4 -0.3 0.8 -0.5 -1.6
Connecticut............... 3.1 3.0 -0.4 0.0 0.3 -2.2
Middle Atlantic........... 4.3 4.2 0.1 1.0 0.4 -1.3
New York.................. 4.3 4.2 0.0 0.7 -0.2 -1.0
New Jersey................ 3.9 3.8 -0.6 1.5 1.6 -1.4
Pennsylvania.............. 4.6 4.4 0.8 1.4 0.2 -1.2
East North Central........ 4.3 4.2 0.6 2.0 0.7 -1.6
Ohio...................... 4.4 4.3 1.2 2.1 1.1 -1.3
Indiana................... 4.2 4.1 1.5 2.6 1.2 -1.3
Illinois.................. 4.5 4.4 0.8 1.6 0.8 -2.1
Michigan.................. 4.0 3.9 -1.0 2.7 0.2 -1.7
Wisconsin................. 4.5 4.2 1.2 1.9 -0.6 -2.2
West North Central........ 5.3 5.2 1.6 2.9 0.2 -1.5
Minnesota................. 5.0 4.8 1.0 2.4 -0.7 -2.4
Iowa...................... 5.2 5.2 1.9 3.7 0.2 -1.3
Missouri.................. 5.1 4.9 1.5 2.7 1.1 -2.1
North Dakota.............. 7.2 7.3 2.0 2.7 0.8 -0.2
South Dakota.............. 6.5 6.3 2.4 2.2 -0.2 2.0
Nebraska.................. 5.9 5.9 1.3 3.5 -0.3 -0.2
Kansas.................... 5.0 4.9 2.0 2.5 0.7 -2.4
South Atlantic............ 4.0 3.9 1.4 1.9 1.2 -2.0
Delaware.................. 3.4 3.1 -0.9 0.0 -0.3 -2.1
Maryland.................. 3.3 3.0 -0.8 -0.6 1.5 -2.6
District of Columbia...... 7.7 7.6 0.4 2.3 -0.1 0.6
Virginia.................. 3.7 3.6 1.6 2.1 1.0 -1.8
West Virginia............. 5.1 4.8 2.1 2.8 0.2 -1.9
North Carolina............ 3.5 3.4 2.2 1.1 1.0 -3.0
South Carolina............ 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.5 0.5 -1.9
Georgia................... 4.3 4.3 2.5 3.1 1.9 -1.0
Florida................... 4.4 4.2 0.5 3.6 1.5 -2.7
East South Central........ 5.0 4.9 2.9 3.9 1.5 -0.6
Kentucky.................. 4.4 4.5 2.6 2.9 1.2 0.0
Tennessee................. 5.3 5.0 3.0 3.3 1.6 -1.4
Alabama................... 5.0 4.8 3.2 4.4 1.7 -0.9
Mississippi............... 5.2 5.3 3.7 4.3 1.9 0.0
West South Central........ 4.0 4.0 2.3 2.7 0.9 -2.3
Arkansas.................. 4.7 4.5 3.7 3.8 1.8 -1.5
Louisiana................. 4.5 4.5 1.2 0.7 1.3 -0.9
Oklahoma.................. 4.0 4.0 2.6 3.5 0.2 -2.0
Texas..................... 3.8 3.7 2.5 2.7 0.9 -3.4
Mountain.................. 3.4 3.3 -0.1 2.1 -1.2 -2.0
Montana................... 5.7 5.6 0.2 1.3 0.2 -0.7
Idaho..................... 3.3 3.2 1.0 2.3 -0.8 -2.1
Wyoming................... 4.4 4.6 1.4 1.8 -4.1 3.6
Colorado.................. 3.5 3.3 -0.1 1.9 -0.9 -3.4
New Mexico................ 2.9 2.8 0.4 1.9 -1.2 -1.4
Arizona................... 3.1 3.0 -0.6 3.2 -1.3 -2.6
Utah...................... 2.7 2.7 -0.7 2.5 -1.5 -2.0
Nevada.................... 3.7 3.5 -1.2 0.7 0.0 -2.6
Pacific................... 3.1 3.0 -1.4 1.8 -0.6 -2.2
Washington................ 3.0 2.9 -0.1 0.6 -1.2 -0.9
Oregon.................... 3.1 3.0 0.0 1.3 -1.3 -2.2
California................ 3.1 3.0 -1.9 2.4 -0.5 -2.6
Alaska.................... 2.4 2.4 ... -0.4 1.6 -1.7
Hawaii.................... 2.6 2.5 ... -0.8 -0.9 -3.0
1/1940 and 1950 data are estimated based on published figures.
2/1960 includes hospital units of institutions.
SOURCES: American Medical Association: Hospital service in the United
States. JAMA 116(11):1055-1144, 1941, and 146(2): 109-184, 1951.
(Copyright 1941 and 1951: Used with the permission of the American
Medical Association.); American Hospital Association: Hospitals.
JAHA 35(15):383-430, Aug. 1, 1961. (Copyright 1961: Used with the
permission of the American Hospital Association.); Data computed by
the Division of Analysis, National Center for Health Statistics
from data compiled by the Division of Health Care Statistics,
National Master Facility Inventory and the American Hospital
Association 1987 annual su72, 304, 460, 640, 970, 1010,
Population Reports. Series P-25, Nos. 1024, and 1044. Washington.
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953, 1965, 1971, 1976, 1980,
1985, 1986, and 1989.
3Occupancy rate community hosp.& avg ann.% change by state'40-87
Table 97. Occupancy rates in community hospitals and average annual percent
change, according to geographic division and State: United States,
selected years 1940-87
(Data are based on reporting by facilities)
Percent of beds occupied
Geographic division
and State 19401/ 19602/ 1970 1980 1985 1986 1987
United States............ 69.9 74.7 77.3 75.2 65.1 64.5 65.0
New England.............. 72.5 75.2 79.7 80.1 72.8 69.7 71.9
Maine.................... 72.4 73.2 73.0 74.5 66.8 67.0 68.0
New Hampshire............ 65.3 66.5 73.4 73.2 63.4 65.0 64.9
Vermont.................. 68.8 68.5 76.3 73.7 68.0 67.6 67.1
Massachusetts............ 71.8 75.8 80.3 81.7 74.1 68.8 71.0
Rhode Island............. 77.7 75.7 82.9 85.9 76.2 75.0 80.5
Connecticut.............. 75.9 78.2 82.6 80.4 75.4 73.4 76.4
Middle Atlantic.......... 75.5 78.1 82.4 83.2 77.1 76.8 77.9
New York................. 78.9 79.4 82.9 85.9 83.9 82.1 83.4
New Jersey............... 72.4 78.4 82.5 82.8 74.8 74.9 76.8
Pennsylvania............. 71.3 76.0 81.5 79.5 68.7 70.2 70.7
East North Central....... 71.0 78.4 79.5 76.9 64.2 62.9 62.9
Ohio..................... 72.1 81.3 81.8 79.2 63.9 63.8 64.4
Indiana.................. 68.5 79.6 80.3 77.6 61.6 57.8 58.0
Illinois................. 73.1 76.0 79.3 74.9 64.4 64.1 63.2
Michigan................. 71.5 80.5 80.6 78.2 67.4 64.3 64.7
Wisconsin................ 65.2 73.9 73.2 73.6 61.8 61.1 61.1
West North Central....... 65.7 71.8 73.6 71.2 60.3 60.0 60.4
Minnesota................ 71.0 72.3 73.9 73.7 63.8 63.4 63.4
Iowa..................... 63.6 72.6 71.9 68.7 57.3 58.1 59.4
Missouri................. 68.6 75.8 79.3 75.1 63.0 62.9 63.0
North Dakota............. 61.9 71.3 67.1 68.6 61.1 61.2 61.1
South Dakota............. 59.1 66.0 66.3 60.6 57.5 56.6 57.7
Nebraska................. 59.0 65.6 69.9 67.4 58.4 56.6 55.7
Kansas................... 60.4 69.1 71.4 68.8 54.3 54.2 55.3
South Atlantic........... 66.7 74.8 77.9 75.5 65.5 65.7 66.4
Delaware................. 59.2 70.2 78.8 81.8 68.0 69.1 74.8
Maryland................. 74.6 73.9 79.3 84.0 73.5 73.3 77.6
District of Columbia..... 76.2 80.8 77.7 83.0 75.9 76.6 78.2
Virginia................. 70.0 78.0 81.1 77.8 67.2 67.6 67.6
West Virginia............ 62.1 74.5 79.3 75.6 60.7 60.2 60.2
North Carolina........... 64.6 73.9 78.5 77.8 64.9 67.1 69.0
South Carolina........... 69.1 76.9 76.4 77.0 67.7 69.3 67.5
Georgia.................. 62.7 71.7 76.5 70.4 64.4 63.9 65.7
Florida.................. 57.5 73.9 76.2 71.7 62.5 62.1 61.5
East South Central....... 62.6 71.8 78.2 74.6 62.7 61.8 60.8
Kentucky................. 61.6 73.4 79.6 77.4 64.0 63.3 60.2
Tennessee................ 65.5 75.9 78.2 75.9 64.6 63.2 64.3
Alabama.................. 59.0 70.8 80.0 73.3 62.3 61.5 59.3
Mississippi.............. 63.8 62.8 73.6 70.5 58.1 57.7 57.2
West South Central....... 62.5 68.7 73.2 69.7 56.9 56.3 55.9
Arkansas................. 55.6 70.0 74.4 69.6 56.0 56.9 58.1
Louisiana................ 75.0 67.9 73.6 69.7 58.6 58.1 55.9
Oklahoma................. 54.5 71.0 72.5 68.1 56.2 56.3 56.9
Texas.................... 59.6 68.2 73.0 70.1 56.6 55.7 55.3
::
Mountain................. 60.9 69.9 71.2 69.6 58.6 58.3 58.7
Montana.................. 62.8 60.3 65.9 66.1 59.1 58.8 60.1
Idaho.................... 65.4 55.9 66.1 65.2 56.6 56.9 55.0
Wyoming.................. 47.5 61.1 63.1 57.2 52.0 50.7 50.7
Colorado................. 62.1 80.6 74.0 71.6 59.0 59.3 59.9
New Mexico............... 47.8 65.1 69.8 66.2 60.0 59.5 60.1
Arizona.................. 61.2 74.2 73.3 74.2 61.5 62.6 61.8
Utah..................... 65.8 70.0 73.7 70.0 58.7 58.0 57.4
Nevada................... 67.9 70.7 72.7 68.8 52.6 47.1 52.4
Pacific.................. 69.7 71.4 71.0 69.0 61.6 61.1 63.3
Washington............... 67.5 63.4 69.7 71.7 58.5 57.6 59.0
Oregon................... 71.2 65.8 69.3 69.3 55.6 54.9 55.5
California............... 69.9 74.3 71.3 68.5 62.3 61.9 64.3
Alaska................... ... 53.8 59.1 58.3 62.6 55.2 52.6
Hawaii................... ... 61.5 75.7 74.7 76.4 74.4 79.9
1/1940 data are estimated based on published figures.
2/1960 includes hospital units of institutions.
SOURCES: American Medical Association: Hospital service in the United States.
JAMA 116(11):1055-1144, 1941. (Copyright 1941: Used with the
permission of the American Medical Association.); American Hospital
Association: Hospitals. JAHA 35(15):383-430, Aug. 1, 1961.(Copyright
1961: Used with the permission of the American Hospital Associa-
tion.); Data computed by the Division of Analysis, National Center
for Health Statistics from data compiled by the Division of Health
Care Statistics, National Master Facility Inventory and the American
Hospital Association 1987 annual survey.
3Full-time employees/100 avg daily patients-community hosp.'60-87
Table 98. Full-time equivalent employees per 100 average daily patients in
community hospitals and average annual percent change, according
to geographic division and State: United States, selected years
1960-87
(Data are based on reporting by facilities)
Average annual
Employees per 100 average daily patients percent change
Geographic division
and State 19601/ 1970 1980 1985 1986 1987 19701/ 1980 1987
United States........ 226 302 394 472 492 511 2.9 2.7 3.8
New England.......... 249 351 456 532 563 587 3.5 2.7 3.7
Maine................ 227 289 409 494 504 525 2.4 3.5 3.6
New Hampshire........ 240 310 400 517 519 539 2.6 2.6 4.4
Vermont.............. 227 318 348 434 436 522 3.4 0.9 6.0
Massachusetts........ 252 365 488 547 593 625 3.8 2.9 3.6
Rhode Island......... 270 383 454 547 566 547 3.6 1.7 2.7
Connecticut.......... 247 347 440 529 553 568 3.5 2.4 3.7
Middle Atlantic...... 225 311 383 450 465 488 3.3 2.1 3.5
New York............. 233 336 396 436 457 481 3.7 1.7 2.8
New Jersey........... 225 278 332 423 423 438 2.1 1.8 4.0
Pennsylvania......... 214 287 390 491 503 529 3.0 3.1 4.5
East North Central... 226 299 396 494 521 546 2.8 2.8 4.7
Ohio................. 232 302 392 526 543 567 2.7 2.6 5.4
Indiana.............. 216 280 374 482 525 556 2.6 2.9 5.8
Illinois............. 226 301 407 492 510 538 2.9 3.1 4.1
Michigan............. 239 313 417 513 554 569 2.7 2.9 4.5
Wisconsin............ 199 277 367 405 430 464 3.4 2.9 3.4
West North Central... 212 273 357 422 438 457 2.6 2.7 3.6
Minnesota............ 220 273 347 384 395 407 2.2 2.4 2.3
Iowa................. 208 258 349 427 441 452 2.2 3.1 3.8
Missouri............. 217 289 385 471 506 535 2.9 2.9 4.8
North Dakota......... 177 254 295 326 335 342 3.7 1.5 2.1
South Dakota......... 188 247 352 323 339 364 2.8 3.6 0.5
Nebraska............. 220 276 326 397 408 424 2.3 1.7 3.8
Kansas............... 210 270 368 478 463 487 2.5 3.1 4.1
South Atlantic....... 217 295 379 458 478 491 3.1 2.5 3.8
Delaware............. 243 328 405 526 556 573 3.0 2.1 5.1
Maryland............. 237 354 403 473 508 514 4.1 1.3 3.5
District of Columbia. 240 363 483 599 572 601 4.2 2.9 3.2
Virginia............. 193 289 369 435 461 475 4.1 2.5 3.7
West Virginia........ 198 255 351 452 462 481 2.6 3.2 4.6
North Carolina....... 196 277 363 464 507 502 3.5 2.7 4.7
South Carolina....... 185 257 356 426 444 466 3.3 3.3 3.9
Georgia.............. 233 294 396 458 470 476 2.4 3.0 2.7
Florida.............. 245 295 375 450 462 486 1.9 2.4 3.8
East South Central... 227 275 348 409 420 448 1.9 2.4 3.7
Kentucky............. 229 276 332 403 409 451 1.9 1.9 4.5
Tennessee............ 231 284 359 420 437 456 2.1 2.4 3.5
Alabama.............. 233 266 357 410 425 458 1.3 3.0 3.6
Mississippi.......... 207 270 334 392 394 411 2.7 2.1 3.0
West South Central... 225 297 384 471 498 519 2.8 2.6 4.4
Arkansas............. 209 274 355 429 440 451 2.7 2.6 3.5
Louisiana............ 218 292 392 483 493 529 3.0 3.0 4.4
Oklahoma............. 218 296 404 480 496 503 3.1 3.2 3.2
Texas................ 232 304 383 473 510 532 2.7 2.3 4.8
Mountain............. 226 299 413 486 508 536 2.8 3.3 3.8
Montana.............. 216 247 302 351 350 366 1.4 2.0 2.8
Idaho................ 255 281 374 427 444 511 1.0 2.9 4.6
Wyoming.............. 217 251 445 417 423 442 1.5 5.9 -0.1
Colorado............. 221 306 398 481 517 565 3.3 2.7 5.1
New Mexico........... 228 314 430 536 531 557 3.3 3.2 3.8
Arizona.............. 222 327 455 523 547 574 3.9 3.4 3.4
Utah................. 243 304 460 579 604 615 2.3 4.2 4.2
Nevada............... 224 284 427 490 530 502 2.4 4.2 2.3
Pacific.............. 243 327 467 545 564 561 3.0 3.6 2.7
Washington........... 263 313 428 544 565 585 1.8 3.2 4.6
Oregon............... 232 303 417 548 597 638 2.7 3.2 6.3
California........... 241 334 481 550 563 555 3.3 3.7 2.1
Alaska............... 220 301 454 515 555 546 3.2 4.2 2.7
Hawaii............... 226 278 401 435 500 475 2.1 3.7 2.4
1/1960 includes hospital units of institutions, but excludes students,
interns, and residents.
SOURCES: American Hospital Association: Hospitals. JAHA 35(15):383-430,
with the permission of the Aug. 1, 1961. (Copyright 1961: Used
American Hospital Association.); Data computed by
the Division of Analysis, National Center for Health Statistics from
data compiled by the Division of Health Care Statistics, National
Master Facility Inventory and the American Hospital Association 1987
annual survey.
3Nursing homes >25 beds,bed rate by geographic div/state:76,82,86
Table 99. Nursing homes with 25 or more beds, beds, and bed rates, according
to geographic division and State: United States, 1976, 1982,
and 1986
(Data are based on reporting by facilities)
Nursing homes Beds
Geographic division
and State 1976 1982 1986 1976 1982 1986
United States........14133 14565 16033 1291632 1469357 1615771
New England.......... 1211 1246 1235 91885 105293 108474
Maine................ 121 155 144 7027 9717 9685
New Hampshire........ 68 70 75 5633 6729 6987
Vermont.............. 53 51 47 3477 3196 3083
Massachusetts........ 645 620 612 47169 50366 51126
Rhode Island......... 85 95 101 6766 8885 9927
Connecticut.......... 239 255 256 21813 26400 27666
Middle Atlantic...... 1567 1587 1921 187435 210010 243962
New York............. 708 732 777 97489 108898 114192
New Jersey........... 313 332 356 31147 36638 39071
Pennsylvania......... 546 523 788 58799 64474 90699
East North Central... 2904 2966 2999 281144 326171 330342
Ohio................. 750 830 886 60680 74276 82522
Indiana.............. 420 449 449 35799 47196 47257
Illinois............. 805 809 775 84085 99777 96684
Michigan............. 508 471 480 53966 55349 53651
Wisconsin............ 421 407 409 46614 49573 50228
West North Central... 1965 2171 2142 157057 185774 187781
Minnesota............ 385 390 399 38177 42500 44357
Iowa................. 440 475 440 31785 38150 34942
Missouri............. 408 530 552 32539 46403 50204
North Dakota......... 82 80 81 6413 6402 6789
South Dakota......... 117 116 114 8047 7938 7918
Nebraska............. 210 225 214 18408 18516 18132
Kansas............... 323 355 342 21688 25865 25439
South Atlantic....... 1475 1745 2152 142245 177495 212382
Delaware............. 22 27 36 2123 2194 3345
Maryland............. 165 179 200 18559 21164 24402
District of Columbia. 17 16 19 2604 2556 3029
Virginia............. 208 267 288 23816 29251 29653
West Virginia........ 73 95 103 4858 7505 8692
North Carolina....... 276 346 402 20903 28156 34049
South Carolina....... 102 130 157 8311 11560 14071
Georgia.............. 304 306 298 28732 32194 31738
Florida.............. 308 379 649 32339 42915 63403
East South Central... 856 865 887 66994 85565 90180
Kentucky............. 267 276 277 19929 25837 26426
Tennessee............ 258 251 267 19448 26111 28599
Alabama.............. 209 190 203 19207 20490 21736
Mississippi.......... 122 148 140 8410 13127 13419
West South Central... 1740 1789 1922 157173 177237 189920
Arkansas............. 208 200 237 19322 19327 21910
Louisiana............ 200 224 276 18969 24836 32747
Oklahoma............. 341 359 382 25990 28902 30359
Texas................ 991 1006 1027 92892 104172 104904
Mountain............. 495 529 631 41881 47857 57414
Montana.............. 69 59 57 4725 5120 4804
Idaho................ 54 47 60 4263 4102 5240
Wyoming.............. 22 25 27 1753 2060 2301
Colorado............. 174 157 183 17792 16848 18402
New Mexico........... 30 31 56 2489 2351 4915
Arizona.............. 67 109 134 5832 9888 12740
Utah................. 63 76 84 3707 5025 5995
Nevada............... 16 25 30 1320 2463 3017
Pacific.............. 1920 1667 2144 165818 153955 195316
Washington........... 318 309 328 29415 30017 32021
Oregon............... 202 177 214 15758 15711 17404
California........... 1369 1148 1569 118144 105325 143179
Alaska............... 8 10 10 738 1031 1082
Hawaii............... 23 23 23 1763 1871 1630
Bed rate1/
Geographic division
and State 1976 1982 1986
United States................ 681.4 603.0 582.2
New England................. 719.7 643.4 597.2
Maine....................... 602.9 630.1 561.3
New Hampshire............... 702.1 636.4 557.4
Vermont..................... 678.0 501.5 434.1
Massachusetts............... 744.0 634.2 585.4
Rhode Island................ 682.6 679.6 681.2
Connecticut................. 738.0 680.7 645.8
Middle Atlantic............. 554.3 491.9 517.0
New York.................... 587.7 524.7 501.7
New Jersey.................. 511.7 465.5 439.6
Pennsylvania................ 527.9 458.2 583.6
East North Central.......... 786.4 730.3 666.5
Ohio........................ 646.4 636.2 641.8
Indiana..................... 747.5 807.3 724.0
Illinois.................... 844.8 813.8 713.3
Michigan.................... 782.5 628.4 542.7
Wisconsin................... 986.5 816.6 745.3
West North Central.......... 772.8 734.6 683.6
Minnesota................... 862.1 735.5 697.3
Iowa........................ 812.5 790.9 686.1
Missouri.................... 602.4 705.7 692.0
North Dakota................ 901.8 730.2 718.9
South Dakota................ 897.6 706.0 652.9
Nebraska.................... 898.7 726.7 665.4
Kansas...................... 741.6 725.7 655.9
South Atlantic.............. 539.2 485.5 484.1
Delaware.................... 490.5 376.3 485.5
Maryland.................... 685.9 584.4 575.2
District of Columbia........ 440.2 377.0 383.7
Virginia.................... 696.8 652.7 561.8
West Virginia............... 281.0 356.2 374.6
North Carolina.............. 569.1 560.5 562.5
South Carolina.............. 507.1 515.9 518.1
Georgia..................... 862.4 742.0 607.5
Florida..................... 365.0 318.2 382.9
East South Central.......... 579.0 589.1 541.4
Kentucky.................... 646.5 681.5 621.3
Tennessee................... 556.9 576.2 544.7
Alabama..................... 646.7 555.6 506.5
Mississippi................. 415.2 522.2 469.0
West South Central.......... 912.1 802.5 736.3
Arkansas.................... 861.1 689.7 703.2
Louisiana................... 713.9 748.7 836.4
Oklahoma.................... 877.6 788.6 751.0
Texas....................... 991.4 846.9 712.7
Mountain.................... 597.9 503.5 506.1
Montana..................... 584.3 553.3 491.5
Idaho....................... 598.1 448.6 517.0
Wyoming..................... 595.2 556.8 550.0
Colorado.................... 873.1 644.3 610.2
New Mexico.................. 360.0 241.5 416.5
Arizona..................... 402.6 428.9 424.3
Utah........................ 503.3 518.8 511.2
Nevada...................... 481.6 570.5 534.5
Pacific..................... 670.9 481.0 520.8
Washington.................. 835.1 670.0 623.9
Oregon...................... 660.1 503.9 495.1
California.................. 646.1 445.5 512.7
Alaska...................... 1232.1 1458.3 950.0
Hawaii...................... 384.0 269.4 200.5
1/Number of beds per 1,000 resident population 85 years of age and over.
NOTE: The 1982 inventory excluded certain types of nursing homes that the
1976 and 1986 inventories included (nursing home units of hospitals,
nursing homes for the blind, etc.). To make the data comparable,
these types of homes and their beds were subtracted from the 1976
and 1986 figures.
SOURCES: Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Trends in nursing and related care homes and hospitals,
United States, selected years 1969-80, by G. W. Strahan. Vital and
Health Statistics. Series 14, No. 30. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 84-1825.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,
Mar. 1984; Nursing and related care homes as reported from the 1982
National Master Facility Inventory Survey, by D.A. Roper. Vital and
Health Statistics. Series 14, No. 32. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1827.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,
Sept. 1986; data from the National Master Facility Inventory;
Final data from the 1986 Inventory of Long-term Care Places;
Resident population computed by the Division of Analysis, National
Center for Health Statistics from the Compressed Mortality File, a
county level national mortality and population data base.
1HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES
2National Health Expenditures
3GNP and national health expenditures: U.S. 1929-87
Table 100. Gross national product and national health expenditures: United
States, selected years 1929-87
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
National health expenditures
Gross
national
product Amount Percent of Amount
in in gross national per
Year billions billions product capita
1929........... $103.9 $3.6 3.5 $29
1935........... 72.8 2.9 4.0 23
1940........... 100.4 4.0 4.0 29
1950........... 288.3 12.7 4.4 80
1955........... 405.9 17.7 4.4 101
1960........... 515.3 26.9 5.2 142
1965........... 705.1 41.9 5.9 206
1966........... 772.0 46.3 6.0 224
1967........... 816.4 51.5 6.3 247
1968........... 892.6 58.2 6.5 277
1969........... 963.9 65.6 6.8 309
1970........... 1015.5 75.0 7.4 349
1971........... 1102.7 83.5 7.6 385
1972........... 1212.8 94.0 7.7 429
1973........... 1359.3 103.4 7.6 468
1974........... 1472.8 116.1 7.9 521
1975........... 1598.4 132.7 8.3 591
1976........... 1782.8 150.8 8.5 665
1977........... 1990.5 169.9 8.5 743
1978........... 2249.7 189.7 8.4 822
1979........... 2508.2 214.7 8.6 921
1980........... 2731.9 248.1 9.1 1055
1981........... 3052.6 287.0 9.4 1208
1982........... 3166.0 323.6 10.2 1348
1983........... 3405.7 357.2 10.5 1473
1984........... 3772.2 388.5 10.3 1587
1985........... 4014.9 419.0 10.4 1696
1986........... 4240.3 455.7 10.7 1827
1987........... 4526.7 500.3 11.1 1987
NOTE: These data reflect Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce,
revisions to the gross national product as of December 1988 and
Social Security Administration revisions to the population as of
April 1988.
SOURCE: Office of National Cost Estimates, Office of the Actuary: National
health expenditures, 1987. Health Care Financing Review. Vol. 10,
No. 2. HCFA Pub. No. 03276. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 1989.
3Total health costs as % gross domestic product:countries '60-87
Table 101. Total health expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic
product: Selected countries, selected years 1960-87
Country 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1986 1987
Australia....... 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.7 6.5 7.0 7.1 7.1
Austria......... 4.6 5.0 5.4 7.3 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.4
Belgium......... 3.4 3.9 4.0 5.8 6.6 7.2 7.2 7.2
Canada.......... 5.5 6.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8.4 8.7 8.6
Denmark......... 3.6 4.8 6.1 6.5 6.8 6.2 6.0 6.0
Finland......... 3.9 4.9 5.7 6.3 6.5 7.2 7.3 7.4
France.......... 4.2 5.2 5.8 6.8 7.6 8.6 8.7 8.6
Germany......... 4.7 5.1 5.5 7.8 7.9 8.2 8.1 8.2
Greece.......... 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.9 5.3 5.3
Iceland......... 1.2 2.8 4.3 5.9 6.4 7.3 7.7 7.8
Ireland......... 4.0 4.4 5.6 7.7 8.5 8.0 7.8 7.4
Italy........... 3.3 4.0 4.8 5.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.9
Japan........... 2.9 4.3 4.4 5.5 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8
Netherlands..... 3.9 4.4 6.0 7.7 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.5
New Zealand..... 4.4 4.5 5.1 6.4 7.2 6.6 6.9 6.9
Norway.......... 3.3 3.9 5.0 6.7 6.6 6.4 7.1 7.5
Portugal........ --- --- --- 6.4 5.9 7.0 6.6 6.4
Spain........... 2.3 2.7 4.1 5.1 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.0
Sweden.......... 4.7 5.6 7.2 8.0 9.5 9.4 9.1 9.0
Switzerland..... 3.3 3.8 5.2 7.0 7.3 7.7 7.6 7.7
United Kingdom.. 3.9 4.1 4.5 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.1
United States... 5.2 6.0 7.4 8.4 9.2 10.6 10.9 11.2
NOTES: Gross domestic product differs slightly from gross national product
shown in the previous table. For definitions, see Appendix II.
Some numbers in this table have been revised and differ from
previous editions of Health, United States.
SOURCES: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Measuring
Health Care 1960-1983, OECD Pub. No. 43239. Paris, France, 1985;
G. Schieber and J. Poullier: International health care
expenditure trends: 1987. Health Affairs. Vol. 8, No. 4, Fall 1989.
3National health monies as % gross domestic product:U.S.'50-87
Table 102. National health expenditures and percent distribution, according
to type of expenditure: United States, selected years 1950-87
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Type of expenditure 1950 1960 1965 1970 1975
Amount in billions
Total..............................$12.7 $26.9 $41.9 $75.0 $132.7
Percent distribution
All expenditures................... 100 100 100 100 100
Health services and supplies....... 92 94 92 93 94
Personal health care............... 86 88 86 87 88
Hospital care.................... 30 34 33 37 40
Physician services............... 22 21 20 19 19
Dentist services................. 8 7 7 6 6
Nursing home care................ 2 2 5 6 8
Other professional services...... 3 3 2 2 2
Drugs and medical sundries....... 14 14 12 11 9
Eyeglasses and appliances........ 4 3 3 3 2
Other health services............ 4 4 3 3 3
Program administration and net cost
of health insurance............... 4 4 4 4 3
Government public health activities 3 2 2 2 2
Research and construction.......... 8 6 8 7 6
Noncommercial research............. 1 3 4 3 3
Construction....................... 7 4 5 5 4
Type of expenditure 1980 1984 1985 1986 1987
Amount in billions
Total.............................$248.1 $390.5 $419.0 $455.7 $500.3
Percent distribution
All expenditures.................. 100 100 100 100 100
Health services and supplies...... 95 95 96 96 97
Personal health care.............. 89 87 88 88 88
Hospital care................... 41 40 40 39 39
Physician services.............. 19 19 19 20 21
Dentist services................ 6 6 6 6 7
Nursing home care............... 8 8 8 8 8
Other professional services..... 2 3 3 3 3
Drugs and medical sundries...... 8 7 7 7 7
Eyeglasses and appliances....... 2 2 2 2 2
Other health services........... 2 2 2 2 2
Program administration and net cost
of health insurance.............. 4 6 5 5 5
Government public health activities 3 3 3 3 3
Research and construction......... 5 4 4 4 3
Noncommercial research............ 2 2 2 2 2
Construction...................... 3 2 2 2 2
NOTE: Some numbers in this table have been revised and differ from previous
editions of Health, United States.
SOURCE: Office of National Cost Estimates, Office of the Actuary: National
health expenditures, 1987. Health Care Financing Review. Vol. 10,
No. 2. HCFA Pub. No. 03276. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 1989.
3National health expenditure avg ann.% change by type:U.S.'50-87
Table 103. National health expenditures average annual percent change,
according to type of expenditure: United States, selected
years 1950-87
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
1950- 1960- 1965- 1970- 1975-
Type of expenditure 60 65 70 75 80
Average annual percent change
All expenditures............. 7.8 9.3 12.3 12.1 13.3
Health services and supplies. 8.0 8.8 12.6 12.3 13.7
Personal health care......... 8.1 8.7 12.8 12.4 13.4
Hospital care.............. 9.0 9.0 14.9 13.4 14.2
Physician services......... 7.5 8.3 11.1 11.7 13.4
Dentist services........... 7.5 7.3 11.1 11.6 13.3
Nursing home care.......... 10.9 31.5 17.8 16.4 15.2
Other professional services 8.1 3.7 9.1 10.4 16.8
Drugs and medical sundries. 7.8 7.2 9.1 8.3 9.4
Eyeglasses and appliances.. 4.7 8.6 10.7 10.1 9.9
Other health services...... 7.7 0.7 12.5 12.8 9.5
Program administration and
net cost of health insurance 9.1 9.8 10.1 7.2 18.1
Government public health
activities.................. 1.4 14.5 11.9 17.2 18.2
Research and construction.... 5.9 15.5 9.0 9.2 7.3
Noncommercial research....... 18.9 18.0 5.4 11.1 10.3
Construction................. 2.2 13.8 11.4 8.1 5.1
1980- 1984- 1985- 1986-
Type of expenditure 85 85 86 87
Average annual percent change
All expenditures............. 11.0 7.9 8.7 9.8
Health services and supplies. 11.3 8.2 8.9 10.0
Personal health care......... 10.9 8.3 9.0 10.2
Hospital care.............. 10.4 6.8 7.0 9.1
Physician services......... 11.7 9.3 12.6 12.2
Dentist services........... 12.0 10.2 9.0 11.1
Nursing home care.......... 11.2 9.6 7.8 8.6
Other professional services 16.9 14.6 13.4 15.2
Drugs and medical sundries. 8.7 7.6 9.9 8.9
Eyeglasses and appliances.. 8.9 10.3 11.6 9.3
Other health services...... 10.5 9.3 9.5 12.2
Program administration and
net cost of health insurance 19.7 4.1 6.0 8.4
Government public health
activities.................. 11.5 14.4 9.6 7.0
Research and construction.... 5.5 -1.0 4.9 4.5
Noncommercial research....... 6.7 9.2 10.4 6.2
Construction................. 4.4 -8.9 -0.3 2.8
NOTE: Some numbers in this table have been revised and differ from previous
editions of Health, United States.
SOURCE: Office of National Cost Estimates, Office of the Actuary: National
health expenditures, 1987. Health Care Financing Review. Vol. 10,
No. 2. HCFA Pub. No. 03276. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 1989.
Table 104. Personal health care expenditures average annual percent change
and percent distribution of factors affecting growth: United
States, 1965-87
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Factors affecting growth
Average
annual
percent All
Period change factors Prices Population Intensity1/
Percent distribution
1965-87....... 12.1 100 60 8 32
1965-66....... 10.6 100 46 11 43
1966-67....... 12.2 100 55 9 36
1967-68....... 13.1 100 45 8 47
1968-69....... 13.4 100 42 8 50
1969-70....... 14.5 100 48 8 44
1970-71....... 10.4 100 67 11 22
1971-72....... 11.6 100 39 9 52
1972-73....... 10.5 100 46 8 45
1973-74....... 13.8 100 68 6 26
1974-75....... 15.7 100 69 6 26
1975-76....... 13.4 100 62 7 32
1976-77....... 12.3 100 64 7 29
1977-78....... 12.2 100 64 8 28
1978-79....... 13.3 100 67 8 25
1979-80....... 15.8 100 73 7 21
1980-81....... 15.9 100 67 7 26
1981-82....... 12.5 100 69 9 23
1982-83....... 9.8 100 66 10 23
1983-84....... 8.1 100 74 12 14
1984-85....... 8.3 100 60 12 28
1985-86....... 9.0 100 53 11 37
1986-87....... 10.2 100 53 9 38
1/Represents changes in use and/or kinds of services and supplies.
NOTE: Some numbers in this table have been revised and differ from previous
editions of Health, United States.
SOURCE: Office of National Cost Estimates, Office of the Actuary: National
health expenditures, 1987. Health Care Financing Review. Vol. 10,
No. 2. HCFA Pub. No. 03276. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 1989.
Table 105. Consumer Price Index and average annual percent change for all
items and selected items: United States, selected years 1950-88
(Data are based on reporting by samples of providers and other retail
outlets)
Apparel
All Medical and Personal
Year items care Food upkeep Housing Energy care
Consumer Price Index
1950........... 24.1 15.1 25.4 40.3 --- --- 26.2
1955........... 26.8 18.2 27.8 42.9 --- --- 29.9
1960........... 29.6 22.3 30.0 45.7 --- 22.4 34.6
1965........... 31.5 25.2 32.2 47.8 --- 22.9 36.6
1970........... 38.8 34.0 39.2 59.2 36.4 25.5 43.5
1975........... 53.8 47.5 59.8 72.5 50.7 42.1 57.9
1976........... 56.9 52.0 61.6 75.2 53.8 45.1 61.7
1977........... 60.6 57.0 65.5 78.6 57.4 49.4 65.7
1978........... 65.2 61.8 72.0 81.4 62.4 52.5 69.9
1979........... 72.6 67.5 79.9 84.9 70.1 65.7 75.2
1980........... 82.4 74.9 86.8 90.9 81.1 86.0 81.9
1981........... 90.9 82.9 93.6 95.3 90.4 97.7 89.1
1982........... 96.5 92.5 97.4 97.8 96.9 99.2 95.4
1983........... 99.6 100.6 99.4 100.2 99.5 99.9 100.3
1984........... 103.9 106.8 103.2 102.1 103.6 100.9 104.3
1985........... 107.6 113.5 105.6 105.0 107.7 101.6 108.3
1986........... 109.6 122.0 109.0 105.9 110.9 88.2 111.9
1987........... 113.6 130.1 113.5 110.6 114.2 88.6 115.1
1988........... 118.3 138.6 118.2 115.4 118.5 89.3 119.4
Average annual percent change
1950-55........ 2.1 3.8 1.8 1.3 --- --- 2.7
1955-60........ 2.0 4.1 1.5 1.3 --- --- 3.0
1960-65........ 1.3 2.5 1.4 0.9 --- 0.4 1.1
1965-70........ 4.3 6.2 4.0 4.4 --- 2.2 3.5
1970-75........ 6.8 6.9 8.8 4.1 6.9 10.5 5.9
1975-80........ 8.9 9.5 7.7 4.6 9.9 15.4 7.2
1975-76...... 5.8 9.5 3.0 3.7 6.1 7.1 6.6
1976-77...... 6.5 9.6 6.3 4.5 6.7 9.5 6.5
1977-78...... 7.6 8.4 9.9 3.6 8.7 6.3 6.4
1978-79...... 11.3 9.2 11.0 4.3 12.3 25.1 7.6
1979-80...... 13.5 11.0 8.6 7.1 15.7 30.9 8.9
1980-85........ 5.5 8.7 4.0 2.9 5.8 3.4 5.7
1980-81...... 10.3 10.7 7.8 4.8 11.5 13.6 8.8
1981-82...... 6.2 11.6 4.1 2.6 7.2 1.5 7.1
1982-83...... 3.2 8.8 2.1 2.5 2.7 0.7 5.1
1983-84...... 4.3 6.2 3.8 1.9 4.1 1.0 4.0
1984-85...... 3.6 6.3 2.3 2.8 4.0 0.7 3.8
1985-86........ 1.9 7.5 3.2 0.9 3.0 -13.2 3.3
1986-87........ 3.6 6.6 4.1 4.4 3.0 0.5 2.9
1987-88........ 4.1 6.5 4.1 4.3 3.8 0.8 3.7
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor: Consumer Price
Index. Various releases.
3Consumer Price Index: all items & medical care components:'50-87
Table 106. Consumer Price Index for all items and medical care components:
United States, selected years 1950-88
(Data are based on reporting by samples of providers and other retail
outlets)
Item and
medical care component 1950 1960 1965 1970 1975
Consumer Price Index
CPI, all items..................... 24.1 29.6 31.5 38.8 53.8
Less medical care.................. --- 30.2 32.0 39.2 54.3
CPI, all services.................. 16.9 24.1 26.6 35.0 48.0
All medical care................... 15.1 22.3 25.2 34.0 47.5
Medical care services.............. 12.8 19.5 22.7 32.3 46.6
Professional medical services.... --- --- --- 37.0 50.8
Physicians' services........... 15.7 21.9 25.1 34.5 48.1
Dental services................ 21.0 27.0 30.3 39.2 53.2
Eye care1/..................... --- --- --- --- ---
Services by other medical
professionals1/............... --- --- --- --- ---
Hospital and related services.. --- --- --- --- ---
Hospital rooms............... 4.9 9.3 12.3 23.6 38.3
Other inpatient services1/... --- --- --- --- ---
Outpatient services1/........ --- ---- --- --- ---
Medical care commodities........... 39.7 46.9 45.0 46.5 53.3
Prescription drugs............... 43.4 54.0 47.8 47.4 51.2
Nonprescription drugs and
medical supplies1/.............. --- --- --- --- ---
Internal and respiratory
over-the-counter drugs........ --- --- 39.0 42.3 51.8
Nonprescription medical
equipment and supplies........ --- --- --- --- ---
Item and
medical care component 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988
Consumer Price Index
CPI, all items..................... 82.4 107.6 109.6 113.6 118.3
Less medical care.................. 82.8 107.2 108.8 112.6 117.0
CPI, all services.................. 77.9 109.9 115.4 120.2 125.7
All medical care................... 74.9 113.5 122.0 130.1 138.6
Medical care services.............. 74.8 113.2 121.9 130.0 138.3
Professional medical services.... 77.9 113.5 120.8 128.8 137.5
Physicians' services........... 76.5 113.3 121.5 130.4 139.8
Dental services................ 78.9 114.2 120.6 128.8 137.5
Eye care1/..................... --- --- --- 103.5 108.7
Services by other medical
professionals1/............... --- --- --- 102.4 108.3
Hospital and related services.. 69.2 116.1 123.1 131.6 143.9
Hospital rooms............... 68.0 115.4 122.3 131.1 143.3
Other inpatient services1/... --- --- ---- 103.9 114.0
Outpatient services1/........ --- --- --- 103.3 112.5
Medical care commodities........... 75.4 115.2 122.8 131.0 139.9
Prescription drugs............... 72.5 120.1 130.4 140.8 152.0
Nonprescription drugs and
medical supplies1/.............. --- --- --- 103.1 108.1
Internal and respiratory
over-the-counter drugs........ 74.9 112.2 117.7 123.9 130.8
Nonprescription medical
equipment and supplies........ 79.2 109.6 115.0 119.6 123.9
1/Dec. 1986=100.
NOTE: 1982-84=100, except where noted.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor: Consumer Price
Index. Various releases.
3Consumer Price Index: avg ann% change-medical components: '50-87
Table 107. Consumer Price Index average annual percent change for all items
and medical care components: United States, selected years 1950-88
(Data are based on reporting by samples of providers and other retail
outlets)
Item and
medical care component 1950-60 1960-65 1965-70 1970-75 1975-80
Average annual percent change
CPI, all items.................... 2.1 1.3 4.3 6.8 8.9
Less medical care................. --- 1.2 4.1 6.7 8.8
CPI, all services................. 3.6 2.0 5.6 6.5 10.2
All medical care.................. 4.0 2.5 6.2 6.9 9.5
Medical care services............. 4.3 3.1 7.3 7.6 9.9
Professional medical services... --- --- --- 6.5 8.9
Physicians' services.......... 3.4 2.8 6.6 6.9 9.7
Dental services............... 2.5 2.3 5.3 6.3 8.2
Eye care1/.................... --- --- --- --- ---
Services by other medical
professionals1/.............. --- --- --- --- ---
Hospital and related services. --- --- --- --- ---
Hospital rooms.............. 6.6 5.8 13.9 10.2 12.2
Other inpatient services1/.. --- --- --- --- ---
Outpatient services1/....... --- --- --- --- ---
Medical care commodities.......... 1.7 -0.8 0.7 2.8 7.2
Prescription drugs.............. 2.2 -2.4 -0.2 1.6 7.2
Nonprescription drugs and
medical supplies1/............. --- --- --- --- ---
Internal and respiratory
over-the-counter drugs....... --- --- 1.6 4.1 7.7
Nonprescription medical
equipment and supplies....... --- --- --- --- ---
Item and
medical care component 1980-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88
Average annual percent change
CPI, all items.................... 5.5 1.9 3.6 4.1
Less medical care................. 5.3 1.5 3.5 3.9
CPI, all services................. 7.1 5.0 4.2 4.6
All medical care.................. 8.7 7.5 6.6 6.5
Medical care services............. 8.6 7.7 6.6 6.4
Professional medical services... 7.8 6.4 6.6 6.8
Physicians' services.......... 8.2 7.2 7.3 7.2
Dental services............... 7.7 5.6 6.8 6.8
Eye care1/.................... --- --- --- 5.0
Services by other medical
professionals1/.............. --- --- --- 5.8
Hospital and related services. 10.9 6.0 6.9 9.3
Hospital rooms.............. 11.2 6.0 7.2 9.3
Other inpatient services1/.. --- --- --- 9.7
Outpatient services1/....... --- --- --- 8.9
Medical care commodities.......... 8.8 6.6 6.7 6.8
Prescription drugs.............. 10.6 8.6 8.0 8.0
Nonprescription drugs and
medical supplies1/............. --- --- --- 4.8
Internal and respiratory
over-the-counter drugs....... 8.4 4.9 5.3 5.6
Nonprescription medical
equipment and supplies....... 6.7 4.9 4.0 3.6
1/Dec. 1986=100.
NOTE: 1982-84=100, except where noted.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor: Consumer Price
Index. Various releases.
2Sources and Types of Payment
3Hospital expenses & personnel & avg annual % change:U.S. 1971-87
Table 108. Hospital expenses and personnel and average annual percent change:
United States, 1971-87
(Data are based on reporting by a census of hospitals)
Adjusted expenses for inpatient care Personnel2/
Per Per Employee cost Number Number
Year and Total inpatient inpatient as percent in per 100
period in millions day stay of total thousands patients
1971..... $22,400 $83 $667 63.9 1999 272
1972..... 25549 95 747 62.6 2056 278
1973..... 28496 102 794 61.8 2149 280
1974..... 32751 113 883 60.7 2289 289
1975..... 39110 133 1025 59.4 2399 298
1976..... 45402 152 1172 57.9 2483 304
1977..... 51832 173 1317 57.5 2581 315
1978..... 58348 194 1470 57.2 2662 323
1979..... 66184 216 1631 57.0 2762 328
1980..... 76970 244 1844 56.4 2879 334
1981..... 90739 284 2168 56.7 3039 347
1982..... 105094 327 2493 56.7 3110 353
1983..... 116632 368 2776 56.5 3102 357
1984..... 123550 410 2984 56.1 3023 367
1985..... 130700 460 3239 55.2 3003 385
1986..... 140907 499 3530 53.9 3032 392
1987..... 152909 537 3849 53.1 3120 400
Average annual percent change
1971-87.. 12.8 12.4 11.6 ... 2.8 2.4
1971-72.. 14.1 14.5 12.0 ... 2.9 2.2
1972-73.. 11.5 7.4 6.3 ... 4.5 0.7
1973-74.. 14.9 10.8 11.2 ... 6.5 3.2
1974-75.. 19.4 17.7 16.1 ... 4.8 3.1
1975-76.. 16.1 14.3 14.3 ... 3.5 2.0
1976-77.. 14.2 13.8 12.4 ... 3.9 3.6
1977-78.. 12.6 12.1 11.6 ... 3.1 2.5
1978-79.. 13.4 11.3 11.0 ... 3.8 1.5
1979-80.. 16.3 13.0 13.1 ... 4.2 1.8
1980-81.. 17.9 16.4 17.6 ... 5.6 3.9
1981-82.. 15.8 15.1 15.0 ... 2.3 1.7
1982-83.. 11.0 12.5 11.4 ... -0.3 1.1
1983-84.. 5.9 11.4 7.5 ... -2.5 2.8
1984-85.. 5.8 12.2 8.5 ... -0.7 4.9
1985-86.. 7.8 8.5 9.0 ... 1.0 1.8
1986-87.. 8.5 7.6 9.0 ... 2.9 2.0
1/Includes employee payroll and benefit costs. Does not include contracted
labor services.
2/Full-time equivalent personnel.
NOTE: Data refer to non-Federal short-term general and other specialty
hospitals.
SOURCE: American Hospital Association: Hospital Statistics, 1988 Edition.
Chicago, 1988. (Copyright 1988: Used with the permission of the
American Hospital Association.)
3National health costs & avg ann.% change by source funds:'29-87
Table 109. National health expenditures and average annual percent change,
according to source of funds: United States, selected years
1929-87
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Private funds
All health
expenditures Amount in Amount Percent
Year in billions billions per capita1/ of total
1929 $3.6 $3.2 $25 86.4
1935 2.9 2.4 18 80.8
1940 4.0 3.2 23 79.7
1950 12.7 9.2 58 72.8
1955 17.7 13.2 75 74.3
1960 26.9 20.3 107 75.3
1965 41.9 30.9 152 73.8
1966 46.3 32.7 159 70.7
1967 51.5 32.5 156 63.2
1968 58.2 36.1 172 62.0
1969 65.6 40.7 191 62.0
1970 75.0 47.2 220 63.0
1971 83.5 51.8 239 62.1
1972 94.0 58.5 267 62.3
1973 103.4 64.0 290 61.9
1974 116.1 69.1 310 59.5
1975 132.7 76.4 340 57.5
1976 150.8 88.0 388 58.4
1977 169.9 100.1 438 58.9
1978 189.7 110.1 477 58.0
1979 214.7 124.2 533 57.9
1980 248.1 142.9 608 57.6
1981 287.0 165.8 698 57.8
1982 323.6 188.4 785 58.2
1983 357.2 209.7 865 58.7
1984 388.5 228.8 935 58.9
1985 419.0 244.0 987 58.2
1986 455.7 266.8 1069 58.5
1987 500.3 293.0 1164 58.6
Average annual percent change
1929-65 7.1 6.5 5.1 ...
1965-87 11.9 10.8 9.7 ...
1929-35 -3.6 -4.6 -5.3 ...
1935-40 6.3 6.0 5.0 ...
1940-50 12.2 11.2 9.7 ...
1950-55 7.0 7.4 5.3 ...
1955-60 8.7 9.0 7.4 ...
1960-65 9.3 8.8 7.3 ...
1965-70 12.3 8.8 7.7 ...
1970-75 12.1 10.1 9.1 ...
1975-80 13.3 13.4 12.3 ...
1980-84 11.0 11.3 10.2 ...
1980 15.7 16.0 14.8 ...
1981 12.8 13.6 12.5 ...
1982 10.4 11.3 10.2 ...
1983 8.8 9.1 8.1 ...
1984 7.9 6.6 5.6 ...
1985-86 8.7 9.3 8.3 ...
1986-87 9.8 9.8 8.9 ...
Public funds
Amount in Amount Percent
Year billions per capita1/ of total
1929 $0.5 $4 13.6
1935 0.6 4 19.2
1940 0.8 6 20.3
1950 3.4 21 27.2
1955 4.6 26 25.7
1960 6.6 35 24.7
1965 11.0 54 26.2
1966 13.6 66 29.3
1967 19.0 91 36.8
1968 22.1 105 38.0
1969 24.9 117 38.0
1970 27.8 129 37.0
1971 31.6 146 37.9
1972 35.4 162 37.7
1973 39.4 178 38.1
1974 47.0 211 40.5
1975 56.3 251 42.5
1976 62.8 277 41.6
1977 69.7 305 41.1
1978 79.6 345 42.0
1979 90.5 388 42.1
1980 105.2 447 42.4
1981 121.2 510 42.2
1982 135.3 564 41.8
1983 147.5 609 41.3
1984 159.6 652 41.1
1985 175.0 708 41.8
1986 188.9 757 41.5
1987 207.3 824 41.4
Annual percent change
1929-65 9.0 7.5 ...
1965-87 14.3 13.2 ...
1929-35 2.2 0.0 ...
1935-40 7.6 8.4 ...
1940-50 15.5 13.3 ...
1950-55 5.8 4.4 ...
1955-60 7.8 6.1 ...
1960-65 10.6 9.1 ...
1965-70 20.4 19.0 ...
1970-75 15.2 14.2 ...
1975-80 13.3 12.2 ...
1980-84 10.7 9.6 ...
1980 15.2 14.1 ...
1981 11.6 10.6 ...
1982 9.1 8.0 ...
1983 8.2 7.1 ...
1984 9.6 8.6 ...
1985-86 7.9 6.9 ...
1986-87 9.8 8.9 ...
1/Reflects May 1988 revisions to the social security area population
estimates.
NOTE: Some numbers in this table have been revised and differ from previous
editions of Health, United States.
SOURCE: Office of National Cost Estimates, Office of the Actuary: National
health expenditures, 1987. Health Care Financing Review. Vol. 10,
No. 2. HCFA Pub. No. 03276. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 1989.
3Personal health care expenditures & % distribution:U.S. '29-87
Table 110. Personal health care expenditures and percent distribution,
according to source of funds: United States, selected years
1929-87
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Government
Philan-
Total Private thropy
in Per All Direct health and
Year billions1/ capita sources payment insurance industry Total Federal
Percent distribution
1929... $3.2 $26 100.0 2/88.4 (3/) 2.6 9.0 2.7
1935... 2.7 21 100.0 2/82.4 (3/) 2.8 14.7 3.4
1940... 3.5 26 100.0 2/81.3 (3/) 2.6 16.1 4.1
1950... 10.9 70 100.0 65.5 9.1 2.9 22.4 10.4
1955... 15.7 93 100.0 58.1 16.1 2.8 23.0 10.5
1960... 23.7 129 100.0 54.9 21.1 2.3 21.8 9.3
1965... 35.9 176 100.0 51.6 24.2 2.2 22.0 10.1
1970... 65.4 304 100.0 40.5 23.4 1.7 34.3 22.2
1971... 72.2 332 100.0 38.9 23.8 1.8 35.5 23.2
1972... 80.5 367 100.0 38.0 23.6 2.5 35.8 23.5
1973... 89.0 403 100.0 37.4 24.0 2.5 36.1 23.7
1974... 101.3 454 100.0 35.7 24.8 1.5 38.0 25.4
1975... 117.1 521 100.0 32.5 26.7 1.3 39.5 26.8
1976... 132.8 586 100.0 31.6 28.3 1.4 38.7 27.2
1977... 149.1 652 100.0 31.1 28.8 1.3 38.7 27.4
1978... 167.4 725 100.0 30.3 29.3 1.2 39.2 27.7
1979... 189.7 814 100.0 29.4 30.0 1.2 39.3 28.1
1980... 219.7 934 100.0 28.7 30.7 1.2 39.4 28.4
1981... 254.7 1072 100.0 28.5 30.8 1.3 39.5 29.1
1982... 286.5 1194 100.0 27.8 31.4 1.2 39.6 29.3
1983... 314.7 1298 100.0 28.2 31.1 1.3 39.4 29.5
1984... 340.1 1389 100.0 28.1 31.0 1.2 39.7 29.7
1985... 368.3 1490 100.0 28.2 30.4 1.2 40.2 30.2
1986... 401.6 1610 100.0 28.0 31.0 1.2 39.7 30.0
1987... 442.6 1758 100.0 27.8 31.4 1.2 39.6 29.6
1/Includes all expenditures for health services and supplies other than
expenses for prepayment and administration and government public health
activities.
2/Includes any insurance benefits and expenses for prepayment (insurance
premiums less insurance benefits).
3/Figures are not separable from direct payment.
NOTE: Some numbers in this table have been revised and differ from previous
editions of Health, United States.
SOURCE: Office of National Cost Estimates, Office of the Actuary: National
health expenditures, 1987. Health Care Financing Review. Vol. 10.
No. 2. HCFA Pub. No. 03276. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 1989.
3Costs on hosp. care,nursing home care,physician services: '29-87
Table 111. Expenditures on hospital care, nursing home care, and physician
services and percent distribution, according to source of funds:
United States, selected years, 1965-87
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Government
Total Private
Service and in Direct health
year billions payment insurance Total1/ Medicaid Medicare
Hospital care Percent distribution
1965......... $14.0 16.8 41.1 39.9 ... ...
1970......... 28.0 11.4 34.6 52.4 8.0 18.2
1975......... 52.4 7.9 35.9 55.1 9.1 21.9
1980......... 101.6 7.8 38.1 53.1 9.4 25.5
1983......... 146.8 9.0 37.4 52.3 8.8 27.6
1984......... 156.1 9.0 36.2 53.7 8.9 28.5
1985......... 166.7 9.2 35.3 54.3 9.0 28.9
1986......... 178.4 9.4 36.1 53.4 8.9 28.2
1987......... 194.7 9.5 36.9 52.5 9.1 27.4
Nursing home care
1965......... 2.1 64.5 0.1 34.3 ... ...
1970......... 4.7 50.3 0.4 48.6 30.3 5.6
1975......... 10.1 42.7 0.7 56.0 47.9 2.9
1980......... 20.4 43.6 0.9 54.9 48.0 1.9
1983......... 29.4 48.0 0.9 50.4 44.4 1.8
1984......... 31.6 49.0 0.9 49.4 43.7 1.7
1985......... 34.7 49.7 0.9 48.7 43.4 1.6
1986......... 37.4 50.3 0.9 48.1 42.8 1.5
1987......... 40.6 49.3 0.9 49.1 43.9 1.4
Physician services
1965......... 8.5 61.6 31.4 6.9 ... ...
1970......... 14.3 45.4 33.6 20.9 4.8 11.3
1975......... 24.9 34.1 39.5 26.3 7.5 13.5
1980......... 46.8 30.4 42.6 26.9 5.2 16.9
1983......... 68.4 28.3 43.2 28.4 4.3 19.6
1984......... 74.4 26.8 44.7 28.4 4.2 19.5
1985......... 81.4 26.6 43.7 29.7 4.3 20.5
1986......... 91.6 25.9 43.9 30.2 4.3 21.1
1987......... 102.7 25.6 43.4 30.9 4.3 21.7
1/Includes other government expenditures for these health care services, for
example, care funded by the Veterans Administration and State and local
expenditures on public health.
NOTES: Philanthropy and industry, which together accounted for 1.2 percent of
personal health care expenditures in 1987, have been omitted from
the sources of funds. Some numbers in this table have been revised and
differ from previous editions of Health, United States.
SOURCE: Office of National Cost Estimates, Office of the Actuary: National
health expenditures, 1987. Health Care Financing Review. Vol. 10,
No. 2. HCFA Pub. No. 03276. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 1989.
3Nursing home avg monthly charge per resident by facility:'77,85
Table 112. Nursing home average monthly charges per resident and
percent of residents, according to primary source of
payment and selected facility characteristics: United
States, 1977 and 1985
(Data are based on a sample of nursing homes)
Own income or
family support Medicare Medicaid
Facility
characteristic 1977 1985 1977 1985 1977 1985
Average monthly charge1/
All facilities............ $690 $1,450 $1,167 $2,141 $720 $1,504
Ownership
Proprietary............... 686 1444 1048 2058 677 1363
Nonprofit and government.. 698 1462 1325 *2,456 825 1851
Certification
Skilled nursing facility.. 866 1797 1136 2315 955 2000
Skilled nursing and
intermediate facility.... 800 1643 1195 2156 739 1509
Intermediate facility..... 567 1222 ... ... 563 1150
Not certified............. 447 999 ... ... ... ...
Bed size
Less than 50 beds......... 516 886 *869 *1,348 663 1335
50-99 beds................ 686 1388 *1,141 1760 634 1323
100-199 beds.............. 721 1567 1242 2192 691 1413
200 beds or more.......... 823 1701 *1,179 2767 925 1919
Geographic region
Northeast................. 909 1645 1369 2109 975 2035
Midwest................... 652 1398 *1,160 2745 639 1382
South..................... 585 1359 *1,096 2033 619 1200
West...................... 663 1498 *868 1838 663 1501
Percent of residents
All facilities............ 38.4 41.6 2.0 1.4 47.8 50.4
Ownership
Proprietary............... 37.5 40.1 1.7 1.6 49.6 52.1
Nonprofit and government.. 40.4 44.9 2.7 *0.9 43.8 46.6
Certification
Skilled nursing facility.. 41.5 39.1 4.6 2.6 41.4 53.7
Skilled nursing and
intermediate facility.... 31.6 36.8 2.6 1.9 58.3 57.8
Intermediate facility..... 36.3 41.4 ... ... 55.3 55.9
Not certified............. 64.2 65.5 ... ... ... ...
Bed size
Less than 50 beds......... 49.6 53.1 *1.8 *1.2 32.7 33.8
50-99 beds................ 39.5 49.5 *1.2 *1.3 46.5 42.9
100-199 beds.............. 38.4 39.6 2.6 1.5 50.4 55.2
200 beds or more.......... 28.6 30.1 2.3 *1.5 55.5 57.7
Geographic region
Northeast................. 34.6 34.8 3.3 1.7 53.3 52.9
Midwest................... 44.5 49.1 1.5 *0.8 42.1 45.9
South..................... 32.2 39.4 *1.4 *1.2 52.5 53.8
West...................... 41.3 40.4 2.5 *2.7 44.7 49.2
Public
assistance All other
welfare sources
Facility
characteristic 1977 1985 1977 1985
Average monthly charge1/
All facilities............ $508 $863 $440 $1,099
Ownership
Proprietary............... 501 763 562 1174
Nonprofit and government.. 534 1237 324 1029
Certification
Skilled nursing facility.. 575 *1,338 606 1589
Skilled nursing and
intermediate facility.... 623 1215 630 1702
Intermediate facility..... 479 900 *456 1460
Not certified............. 401 664 *155 464
Bed size
Less than 50 beds......... 394 *835 *295 *749
50-99 beds................ 493 774 468 1116
100-199 beds.............. 573 855 551 1504
200 beds or more.......... 602 1071 370 *866
Geographic region
Northeast................. *511 738 395 1244
Midwest................... 537 1241 524 1416
South..................... 452 727 342 1057
West...................... 564 837 *499 *843
Percent of residents
All facilities............ 6.4 3.4 5.3 3.2
Ownership
Proprietary............... 7.3 3.9 3.8 2.3
Nonprofit and government.. 4.4 2.3 8.6 5.3
Certification
Skilled nursing facility.. 7.7 2.1 4.8 2.4
Skilled nursing and
intermediate facility.... 3.2 1.3 4.1 2.2
Intermediate facility..... 5.3 *1.5 3.1 *1.1
Not certified............. 19.0 18.0 16.7 12.9
Bed size
Less than 50 beds......... 10.5 11.2 5.4 *0.6
50-99 beds................ 8.1 3.9 4.7 2.5
100-199 beds.............. 4.6 1.6 4.0 2.1
200 beds or more.......... 4.6 3.0 9.1 7.7
Geographic region
Northeast................. 3.8 7.1 5.1 3.5
Midwest................... 6.5 2.5 5.4 1.6
South..................... 8.2 2.5 5.7 3.1
West...................... 6.7 *1.2 4.8 6.6
1/Includes life-care residents and no-charge residents.
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: The National Nursing Home
Survey, 1977 summary for the United States, by J. F. Van Norstrand,
A. Zappolo, E. Hing, et al. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 13,
No. 43. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1794. Public Health Service.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1979; and The
National Nursing Home Survey: 1985 summary for the United States, by
E. Hing, E. Sekscenski, and G. Strahan. Vital and Health Statistics.
Series 13, No. 97. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1758. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1989.
3Nursing home avg monthly charge-facility/resident char:64,70s,85
Table 113. Nursing home average monthly charges per resident and percent of
residents, according to selected facility and resident character-
istics: United States, 1964, 1973-74, 1977, and 1985
(Data are based on reporting by a sample of nursing homes)
Average monthly charge1/
Facility and resident
characteristic 1964 1973-742/ 1977 1985
Facility characteristic
All facilities.................. $186 $479 $689 $1,456
Ownership:
Proprietary..................... 205 489 670 1379
Nonprofit and government........ 145 456 732 1624
Certification:3/
Skilled nursing facility........ ... 566 880 1905
Skilled nursing and intermediate
facility....................... ... 514 762 1571
Intermediate facility........... ... 376 556 1179
Not certified................... ... 329 390 875
Bed size:
Less than 50 beds............... --- 397 546 1036
50-90 beds...................... --- 448 643 1335
100-199 beds.................... --- 502 706 1478
200 beds or more................ --- 576 837 1759
Geographic region:
Northeast....................... 213 651 918 1781
Midwest......................... 171 433 640 1399
South........................... 161 410 585 1256
West............................ 204 454 653 1458
Resident characteristic
All residents................... 186 479 689 1456
Age:
Under 65 years.................. 155 434 585 1379
65-74 years..................... 184 473 669 1372
75-84 years..................... 191 488 710 1468
85 years and over............... 194 485 719 1497
Sex:
Male............................ 171 466 652 1438
Female.......................... 194 484 705 1463
Average monthly charge1/
Facility and resident
characteristic 1964 1973-742/ 1977 1985
Facility characteristic
All facilities.................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Ownership:
Proprietary..................... 60.2 69.8 68.2 68.7
Nonprofit and government........ 39.8 30.2 31.8 31.3
Certification:3/
Skilled nursing facility........ ... 39.8 20.7 18.5
Skilled nursing and intermediate
facility....................... ... 24.5 40.5 45.2
Intermediate facility........... ... 22.4 28.3 24.9
Not certified................... ... 13.3 10.6 11.4
Bed size:
Less than 50 beds............... --- 15.2 12.9 8.9
50-90 beds...................... --- 34.1 30.5 27.6
100-199 beds.................... --- 35.6 38.8 43.2
200 beds or more................ --- 15.1 17.9 20.2
Geographic region:
Northeast....................... 28.6 22.0 22.4 23.6
Midwest......................... 36.6 34.6 34.5 32.5
South........................... 18.1 26.0 27.2 29.4
West............................ 16.7 17.4 15.9 14.5
Resident characteristic
All residents................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Age:
Under 65 years.................. 12.0 10.6 13.6 11.6
65-74 years..................... 18.9 15.0 16.2 14.2
75-84 years..................... 41.7 35.5 35.7 34.1
85 years and over............... 27.5 38.8 34.5 40.0
Sex:
Male............................ 35.0 29.1 28.8 28.4
Female.......................... 65.0 70.9 71.2 71.6
1/Includes life-care residents and no-charge residents.
2/Data exclude residents of personal care homes.
3/Medicare extended care facilities and Medicaid skilled nursing homes from
the 1973-74 survey were considered to be equivalent to Medicare or Medicaid
skilled nursing facilities in 1977 and 1985 for the purposes of this
comparison.
SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics: Charges for care and
sources of payment for residents in nursing homes, United States,
June-August 1969, by J. F. Van Nostrand and J. F. Sutton. Vital and
Health Statistics. Series 12, No. 21. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 74-1706.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,
July 1973; Charges for care and sources of payment for residents
in nursing homes, United States, National Nursing Home Survey, Aug.
1973-Apr. 1974, by E. Hing. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 13,
No. 32. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 78-1783. Public Health Service.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. Nov. 1977; The National
Nursing Home Survey: 1977 summary for the United States, by J. F.
Van Nostrand,A. Zappolo,E. Hing, et al. Vital and Health Statistics.
Series 13, No. 43. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1794. Public Health
Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1979; and
The National Nursing Home Survey: 1985 summary for the United
States, by E. Hing, E. Sekscenski, and G. Strahan. Vital and Health
Statistics. Series 13, No. 97. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1758. Public
Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,
Jan. 1989.
3National funding for health research & ann.% change:U.S.'60-88
Table 114. National funding for health research and development
and average annual percent change, according to source of
funds: United States, selected years 1961-88
(Data are based on multiple sources)
Source of funds
State Private
All and nonprofit
Year and period funding Federal local Industry1/ organizations
Amount in millions
1960............... $886 $448 $46 $253 $139
1965............... 1890 1174 90 450 176
1970............... 2847 1667 170 795 215
1971............... 3168 1877 198 860 233
1972............... 3536 2147 228 934 227
1973............... 3750 2225 245 1048 232
1974............... 4443 2754 254 1183 252
1975............... 4701 2832 286 1319 264
1976............... 5107 3059 312 1469 267
1977............... 5568 3396 338 1614 220
19782/............. 6262 3811 416 1800 236
19792/............. 7133 4321 465 2093 254
19802/............. 7935 4723 480 2459 274
19812/............. 8703 4848 564 2998 292
19822/............. 9483 4970 634 3561 318
19832/............. 10634 5399 712 4145 377
19842/............. 12014 6087 793 4643 491
19852/............. 13408 6791 874 5244 500
19862/............. 14801 6895 1026 6166 714
19872/............. 16827 7827 1146 7130 725
19883/............. 18729 8454 1272 8260 744
Average annual percent change
1960-88............ 11.5 11.1 12.6 13.3 6.2
1960-65............ 16.4 21.2 14.4 12.2 4.8
1965-70............ 8.5 7.3 13.6 12.1 4.1
1970-75............ 10.6 11.2 11.0 10.7 4.2
1970-71.......... 11.3 12.6 16.5 8.2 8.4
1971-72.......... 11.6 14.4 15.2 8.6 -2.6
1972-73.......... 6.1 3.6 7.5 12.2 2.2
1973-74.......... 18.5 23.8 3.7 12.9 8.6
1974-75.......... 5.8 2.8 12.6 11.5 4.8
1975-80............ 11.0 10.8 10.9 13.3 0.7
1975-76.......... 8.6 8.0 9.1 11.4 1.1
1976-77.......... 9.0 11.0 8.3 9.9 -17.6
1977-78.......... 12.5 12.2 23.1 11.5 7.3
1978-79.......... 13.9 13.4 11.8 16.3 7.6
1979-80.......... 11.2 9.3 3.2 17.5 7.9
1980-85............ 11.1 7.5 12.7 16.4 12.8
1980-81.......... 9.7 2.6 17.5 21.9 6.6
1981-82.......... 9.0 2.5 12.4 18.8 8.9
1982-83.......... 12.1 8.6 12.3 16.4 18.6
1983-84.......... 13.0 12.7 11.4 12.0 30.2
1984-85.......... 11.6 11.6 10.2 12.9 1.8
1985-86............ 10.4 1.5 17.4 17.6 42.8
1986-87............ 13.7 13.5 11.7 15.6 1.5
1987-88............ 11.3 8.0 11.0 15.8 2.6
1/Includes expenditures for drug research. These expenditures are included
in the "drugs and sundries" component of the Health Care Financing
Administration's National Health Expenditure Series, not under "research."
2/Revised figures.
3/Projected.
SOURCES: National Institutes of Health: NIH Data Book, 1989. Public
Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
NIH Pub. No. 90-1261, Dec. 1989; National Institutes of Health,
Office of Science Policy and Legislation: Selected data.
3Federal funding for health research & % distribution: FY '70-88
Table 115. Federal funding for health research and development and percent
distribution, according to agency: United States, selected fiscal
years 1970-88
(Data are compiled from Federal Government sources)
Agency 19701/ 19751/ 1980 1983 1984
Amount in millions
Total..................................$1,667 $2,832 $4,723 $5,399 $6,087
Percent distribution
All Federal agencies................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Department of Health and Human Services 70.6 77.6 78.2 80.0 78.9
National Institutes of Health........ 52.4 66.4 67.4 70.2 69.9
Centers for Disease Control.......... --- 1.5 1.8 1.4 0.7
Other Public Health Service.......... 16.2 8.3 7.9 7.5 7.5
Other Department of Health and Human
Services............................ 2.0 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7
Other agencies......................... 29.4 22.4 21.8 20.0 21.1
Department of Agriculture............ 3.0 2.2 3.1 2.7 2.4
Department of Defense................ 7.5 4.1 4.5 5.7 6.8
Department of Education3/............ ... ... 0.7 0.5 0.7
Department of Energy4/............... 6.3 5.8 4.5 3.1 3.0
Department of the Interior........... 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4
Environmental Protection Agency...... ... 1.3 1.7 0.7 0.7
International Development Cooperation
Agency5/............................ 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration...................... 5.2 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.8
National Science Foundation.......... 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4
Veterans Administration.............. 3.5 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.1
All other departments and agencies... 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.3
Agency 1985 1986 19872/ 19882/
Amount in millions
Total...................................$6,791 $6,895 $7,827 $8,454
Percent distribution
All Federal agencies.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Department of Health and Human Services 79.7 81.1 83.5 83.9
National Institutes of Health........ 71.1 72.6 74.8 74.4
Centers for Disease Control.......... 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0
Other Public Health Service.......... 7.3 7.3 7.9 8.1
Other Department of Health and Human
Services............................ 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4
Other agencies......................... 20.3 18.9 16.5 16.1
Department of Agriculture............ 2.1 1.1 1.3 1.8
Department of Defense................ 6.5 7.2 5.2 5.1
Department of Education3/............ 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4
Department of Energy4/............... 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4
Department of the Interior........... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Environmental Protection Agency...... 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3
International Development Cooperation
Agency5/............................ 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration...................... 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.6
National Science Foundation.......... 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0
Veterans Administration.............. 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.5
All other departments and agencies... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
1/Data for fiscal year ending June 30; all other data for fiscal year ending
September 30.
2/Estimates.
3/Office of Handicapped Research, formerly included in other Department of
Health and Human Services.
4/Includes Atomic Energy Commission and Energy Research and Development
Administration.
5/Includes Department of State and Agency for International Development.
SOURCES: National Institutes of Health: NIH Data Book, 1989. Public Health
Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Pub. No.
90-1261, Dec. 1989; Office of Science Policy and Legislation,
National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service: Selected data.
3Federal spending for HIV-related activities by agency: FY '82-
Table 116. Federal spending for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related
activities according to agency and type of activity:United States,
fiscal years 1982-88
Agency and type of activity 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
Agency Amount in millions
All Federal spending.............. $6 $44 $104 $207 $509 $899 $1,548
Department of Health and Human
Services, total................ 6 39 97 197 407 769 1408
Public Health Service, total.... 6 29 61 109 234 502 957
National Institutes of Health... 3 22 44 64 135 261 468
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental
Health Administration.......... - 1 3 3 12 48 112
Centers for Disease Control..... 2 6 14 33 62 136 305
Food and Drug Administration.... - - 1 9 10 16 30
Health Resources and Services
Administration................. - - - - 15 12 37
Office of the Assistant
Secretary for Health........... - - - - - 30 4
Health Care Financing
Administration................. - 10 30 75 140 215 360
Social Security Administration.. - - 6 13 33 51 88
Other Department of Health and
Human Services Agencies........ - - - - - - 3
Department of Veterans Affairs.. - 5 6 10 23 54 83
Department of Defense........... - - - - 79 74 52
Other departments............... - - - - 1 2 5
Activity
Research.......................... 3 22 59 86 204 345 626
Public Health Service........... 3 22 57 83 164 317 607
Department of Veterans Affairs.. - - 2 3 3 6 8
Department of Defense........... - - - - 38 22 12
Other........................... - - - - - 1 1
Education and prevention.......... 2 7 4 25 73 172 354
Public Health Service........... 2 7 4 25 55 145 321
Department of Defense........... - - - - 18 25 26
Other........................... - - - - - 2 8
Medical care...................... - 15 35 83 199 331 480
Department of Veterans Affairs.. - 5 5 8 20 47 74
Public Health Service........... - - - - 16 41 29
Department of Defense........... - - - - 23 27 15
Other........................... - - - - 1 1 1
Health Care Financing
Administration:
Medicaid (Federal share)...... - 10 30 70 130 200 330
Medicare...................... - - - 5 10 15 30
Cash assistance................... - - 6 13 33 51 88
Social Security Administration:
Disability Insurance.......... - - 5 10 25 40 70
Supplemental Security Income.. - - 1 3 8 11 18
NOTES: In 1988 total expenditures on HIV-related activities were estimated
at $4.4 billion. This total includes,for example, expenditures covered
by private health insurance, out-of-pocket costs to patients, and the
States' share of Medicaid, public hospital, and other local
expenditures.
SOURCE: W. Winkenwerder, A.R. Kessler, and R.M. Stolec: Federal spending for
illness caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. The New England
Journal of Medicine. Vol. 320, No. 24, June 15, 1989.
3Public health expenditures by state health agencies:'76-87
Table 117. Public health expenditures by State and territorial health
agencies, according to source of funds and program area: United
States, selected fiscal years 1976-87
Funds and program area 1976 1978 1980 1982 1983
Amount in millions
Total..................$2,539.8 $3,256.2 $4,450.8 $5,144.5 $5,610.3
Source of funds
Federal grants and contracts. 796.9 1133.2 1573.1 1777.8 2001.2
Department of Agriculture.. 153.7 350.8 678.4 916.3 1060.8
Other...................... 643.2 782.3 894.7 861.4 940.4
State........................ 1485.7 1802.1 2513.3 2922.9 3108.0
Local........................ 96.1 87.0 114.0 122.9 125.0
Fees, reimbursements, and
other........................ 161.2 233.8 250.3 321.0 376.1
Program area
WIC1/........................ 137.7 337.2 660.7 889.7 1049.5
Noninstitutional personal
health other than WIC2/..... 1079.0 1356.1 1698.2 1904.9 2079.3
State health agency-operated
institutions................ 531.1 641.1 819.3 949.6 967.5
Environmental health......... 199.2 237.0 298.0 354.6 363.7
Health resources............. 208.2 297.2 356.5 360.2 550.1
Laboratory................... 104.1 131.1 161.1 181.6 191.6
Other3/...................... 280.6 256.3 457.0 503.9 408.7
Percent distribution
Total.................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source of funds
Federal grants and contracts. 31.4 34.8 35.3 34.6 35.7
Department of Agriculture.. 6.1 10.8 15.2 17.8 18.9
Other...................... 25.3 24.0 20.1 16.7 16.8
State........................ 58.5 55.3 56.5 56.8 55.4
Local........................ 3.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.2
Fees, reimbursements, and
other........................ 6.3 7.2 5.6 6.2 6.7
Program area
WIC1/........................ 5.4 10.4 14.8 17.3 18.7
Noninstitutional personal
health other than WIC2/..... 42.5 41.6 38.2 37.0 37.1
State health agency-operated
institutions................ 20.9 19.7 18.4 18.5 17.2
Environmental health......... 7.8 7.3 6.7 6.9 6.5
Health resources............. 8.2 9.1 8.0 7.0 9.8
Laboratory................... 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.4
Other3/...................... 11.0 7.9 10.3 9.8 7.3
Funds and program area 1984 1985 1986 1987
Amount in millions
Total.................. $6,241.9 $6,949.5 $7,491.0 $8,127.6
Source of funds
Federal grants and contracts. 2344.0 2555.7 2699.6 2821.7
Department of Agriculture.. 1306.7 1455.1 1551.2 1651.6
Other...................... 1037.3 1100.7 1148.4 1170.1
State........................ 3352.2 3809.6 4123.7 4562.1
Local........................ 150.5 149.2 147.9 139.7
Fees, reimbursements, and 395.3 435.0 519.7 604.1
other..........................
Program area
WIC1/........................ 1268.6 1431.1 1534.1 1622.1
Noninstitutional personal
health other than WIC2/..... 2379.7 2521.4 2776.9 3129.5
State health agency-operated
institutions................ 978.7 1153.4 1235.8 1226.7
Environmental health......... 414.8 467.0 479.8 528.2
Health resources............. 562.8 626.7 650.9 709.4
Laboratory................... 214.1 229.2 237.9 264.7
Other3/...................... 423.2 520.8 575.6 646.9
Percent distribution
Total.................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source of funds
Federal grants and contracts. 37.6 36.8 36.0 34.7
Department of Agriculture.. 20.9 20.9 20.7 20.3
Other...................... 16.6 15.8 15.3 14.4
State........................ 53.7 54.8 55.0 56.1
Local........................ 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.7
Fees, reimbursements, and 6.3 6.3 6.9 7.4
other..........................
Program area
WIC1/........................ 20.3 20.6 20.5 20.0
Noninstitutional personal
health other than WIC2/..... 38.1 36.3 37.1 38.5
State health agency-operated
institutions................ 15.7 16.6 16.5 15.1
Environmental health......... 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.5
Health resources............. 9.0 9.0 8.7 8.7
Laboratory................... 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3
Other3/...................... 6.8 7.5 7.7 8.0
1/Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
2/Includes funds for maternal and child health services other than WIC,
handicapped children's services, communicable disease control, dental
health, chronic disease control, mental health, alcohol and drug abuse, and
supporting personal health programs.
3/Funds for general administration and funds to local health departments
not allocated to program areas.
NOTE: Data are reported for 55 health agencies in 50 States, the District
of Columbia, and 4 territories (Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam,
and the Virgin Islands).
SOURCES: Public Health Foundation: Public Health Agencies 1987: Expenditures
and Sources of Funds. Washington. 1987; Unpublished data.
3Personal health care per capital costs & avg ann.% change:'66-82
Table 118. Personal health care per capita expenditures and average annual
geographic division and State: United States, selected years 1966-82
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Geographic division
and State 1966 1969 1972 1976
Amount per capita
United States............. $201 $280 $381 $605
New England............... 234 328 441 686
Maine..................... 173 242 328 542
New Hampshire............. 188 245 330 507
Vermont................... 197 274 352 531
Massachusetts............. 253 360 489 760
Rhode Island.............. 231 315 413 672
Connecticut............... 236 330 438 675
Middle Atlantic........... 227 319 425 662
New York.................. 258 366 488 745
New Jersey................ 192 264 355 578
Pennsylvania.............. 201 279 372 590
East North Central........ 203 278 378 610
Ohio...................... 195 264 361 597
Indiana................... 182 252 337 542
Illinois.................. 220 300 407 634
Michigan.................. 211 286 388 635
Wisconsin................. 192 269 373 610
West North Central........ 200 273 369 597
Minnesota................. 216 287 389 602
Iowa...................... 197 265 351 563
Missouri.................. 198 273 365 627
North Dakota.............. 197 273 367 676
South Dakota.............. 181 241 327 522
Nebraska.................. 195 268 371 598
Kansas.................... 195 270 379 568
South Atlantic............ 169 242 342 551
Delaware.................. 209 286 381 599
Maryland.................. 190 273 390 609
District of Columbia...... 430 667 958 1349
Virginia.................. 151 213 301 493
West Virginia............. 161 227 313 508
North Carolina............ 143 204 282 461
South Carolina............ 125 182 251 423
Georgia................... 150 217 319 515
Florida................... 184 264 377 623
East South Central........ 148 211 294 483
Kentucky.................. 155 218 286 444
Tennessee................. 166 232 324 531
Alabama................... 145 210 300 501
Mississippi............... 115 163 242 425
West South Central........ 170 242 331 533
Arkansas.................. 142 198 284 470
Louisiana................. 156 226 322 511
Oklahoma.................. 183 263 351 539
Texas..................... 177 249 338 549
Mountain.................. 189 259 346 541
Montana................... 175 236 325 510
Idaho..................... 153 210 292 455
Wyoming................... 200 268 327 451
Colorado.................. 233 311 396 605
New Mexico................ 157 214 282 458
Arizona................... 190 271 376 582
Utah...................... 158 211 286 458
Nevada.................... 196 282 389 658
Pacific................... 234 328 440 691
Washington................ 219 297 390 584
Oregon.................... 197 274 364 587
California................ 242 340 460 727
Alaska.................... 227 289 340 560
Hawaii.................... 208 300 401 598
Average annual
percent change
Geographic division
and State 1980 1982 1966-80 1980-82
Amount per capita
United States............. $958 $1,220 11.8 12.8
New England............... 1058 1356 11.4 13.2
Maine..................... 870 1091 12.2 12.0
New Hampshire............. 759 986 10.5 14.0
Vermont................... 778 978 10.3 12.1
Massachusetts............. 1175 1508 11.6 13.3
Rhode Island.............. 1062 1351 11.5 12.8
Connecticut............... 1046 1348 11.2 13.5
Middle Atlantic........... 1017 1310 11.3 13.5
New York.................. 1107 1417 11.0 13.1
New Jersey................ 877 1115 11.5 12.8
Pennsylvania.............. 972 1273 11.9 14.4
East North Central........ 978 1249 11.9 13.0
Ohio...................... 958 1247 12.0 14.1
Indiana................... 861 1101 11.7 13.1
Illinois.................. 1033 1308 11.7 12.5
Michigan.................. 1014 1281 11.9 12.4
Wisconsin................. 952 1219 12.1 13.2
West North Central........ 973 1241 12.0 12.9
Minnesota................. 976 1229 11.4 12.2
Iowa...................... 935 1176 11.8 12.1
Missouri.................. 997 1285 12.2 13.5
North Dakota.............. 1034 1325 12.6 13.2
South Dakota.............. 887 1154 12.0 14.1
Nebraska.................. 948 1216 12.0 13.3
Kansas.................... 988 1271 12.3 13.4
South Atlantic............ 879 1115 12.5 12.6
Delaware.................. 912 1153 11.1 12.4
Maryland.................. 957 1232 12.2 13.5
District of Columbia...... 2198 2838 12.4 13.6
Virginia.................. 811 1054 12.8 14.0
West Virginia............. 808 1057 12.2 14.4
North Carolina............ 737 931 12.4 12.4
South Carolina............ 686 857 12.9 11.8
Georgia................... 843 1048 13.1 11.5
Florida................... 975 1228 12.6 12.2
East South Central........ 798 1025 12.8 13.3
Kentucky.................. 739 957 11.8 13.8
Tennessee................. 874 1144 12.6 14.4
Alabama................... 809 1033 13.1 13.0
Mississippi............... 730 897 14.1 10.8
West South Central........ 859 1096 12.3 13.0
Arkansas.................. 766 994 12.8 13.9
Louisiana................. 857 1106 12.9 13.6
Oklahoma.................. 852 1086 11.6 12.9
Texas..................... 876 1110 12.1 12.6
Mountain.................. 849 1070 11.3 12.3
Montana................... 801 1036 11.5 13.7
Idaho..................... 695 868 11.4 11.8
Wyoming................... 710 873 9.5 10.9
Colorado.................. 942 1209 10.5 13.3
New Mexico................ 722 904 11.5 11.9
Arizona................... 882 1112 11.6 12.3
Utah...................... 714 896 11.4 12.0
Nevada.................... 1163 1380 13.6 8.9
Pacific................... 1093 1380 11.6 12.4
Washington................ 915 1165 10.8 12.8
Oregon.................... 912 1165 11.6 13.0
California................ 1152 1451 11.8 12.2
Alaska.................... 961 1187 10.9 11.1
Hawaii.................... 932 1228 11.3 14.8
NOTE: Per capita spending estimates are the expenditure level of
services rendered in a geographic area per resident population.
Per capita figures cannot be interpreted directly as spending per
resident unless substantially all of the services provided in a
State are consumed by residents of that State. U.S. estimates do
not include services provided in U.S. territories or possessions,
services rendered by U.S. taxpayers while living abroad, and
services furnished to U.S. personnel living abroad or on military
vessels.
SOURCE: Office of the Actuary: Personal health care expenditures by
State, selected years 1966-1982, by K. R. Levit. Health Care
Financing Review. HCFA Pub. No. 03199. Health Care Financing
Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,
Summer 1985.
3Hospital care per capita costs & avg ann.% change by state'66-82
Table 119. Hospital care per capita expenditures and average annual percent
change, according to geographic division and State: United States,
selected years 1966-82
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Average annual
percent change
Geographic division
and State 1966 1969 1972 1976 1980 1982 1966-80 1980-82
Amount per capita
United States........$80 $119 $166 $276 $441 $577 13.0 14.4
New England..........101 151 207 335 515 669 12.3 14.0
Maine................ 74 107 138 246 411 517 13.0 12.2
New Hampshire........ 73 98 134 213 334 458 11.5 17.1
Vermont.............. 86 126 162 242 338 443 10.3 14.5
Massachusetts........116 178 247 400 624 810 12.8 13.9
Rhode Island.........101 148 196 328 492 623 12.0 12.5
Connecticut.......... 91 133 185 296 444 578 12.0 14.1
Middle Atlantic...... 94 144 200 328 495 641 12.6 13.8
New York.............110 171 236 377 540 679 12.0 12.1
New Jersey........... 71 103 145 254 371 498 12.5 15.9
Pennsylvania......... 82 127 178 300 505 675 13.9 15.6
East North Central... 81 117 167 286 465 615 13.3 15.0
Ohio................. 74 107 154 273 446 599 13.7 15.9
Indiana.............. 63 95 134 235 383 512 13.8 15.6
Illinois............. 90 132 195 323 539 700 13.6 14.0
Michigan............. 90 123 170 295 477 628 12.7 14.7
Wisconsin............ 76 117 163 268 401 539 12.6 15.9
West North Central... 79 117 158 270 451 592 13.3 14.6
Minnesota............ 89 122 168 272 425 540 11.8 12.7
Iowa................. 69 103 139 238 404 536 13.5 15.2
Missouri............. 81 123 164 295 510 679 14.0 15.4
North Dakota......... 83 121 156 283 479 624 13.3 14.1
South Dakota......... 75 101 133 234 398 530 12.7 15.4
Nebraska............. 75 115 157 259 429 568 13.3 15.1
Kansas............... 76 116 160 269 451 593 13.6 14.7
South Atlantic....... 68 103 151 252 411 539 13.7 14.5
Delaware............. 91 131 174 291 437 552 11.9 12.4
Maryland............. 84 122 185 287 464 606 13.0 14.3
District of Columbia.192 334 564 903 1516 2021 15.9 15.5
Virginia............. 63 92 132 218 372 506 13.5 16.6
West Virginia........ 70 107 152 264 424 564 13.7 15.3
North Carolina....... 57 85 121 201 324 428 13.2 14.9
South Carolina....... 51 79 107 188 303 397 13.6 14.5
Georgia.............. 56 86 135 228 386 492 14.8 12.9
Florida.............. 66 103 151 268 434 569 14.4 14.5
East South Central... 60 91 131 226 383 507 14.2 15.1
Kentucky............. 60 91 121 202 326 433 12.9 15.2
Tennessee............ 67 102 149 252 430 578 14.2 15.9
Alabama.............. 61 92 134 238 408 541 14.5 15.2
Mississippi.......... 48 73 111 198 343 431 15.1 12.1
West South Central... 66 97 135 229 380 500 13.3 14.7
Arkansas............. 56 77 114 197 324 443 13.4 16.9
Louisiana............ 63 94 145 239 412 549 14.4 15.4
Oklahoma............. 63 102 132 224 378 498 13.7 14.8
Texas................ 69 101 137 233 379 495 12.9 14.3
Mountain............. 76 109 145 234 377 483 12.1 13.2
Montana.............. 67 95 122 193 336 445 12.2 15.1
Idaho................ 50 75 104 162 254 335 12.3 14.8
Wyoming.............. 85 116 123 188 313 398 9.8 12.8
Colorado.............100 136 171 274 422 557 10.8 14.9
New Mexico........... 69 96 122 222 348 449 12.3 13.6
Arizona.............. 78 119 169 256 396 498 12.3 12.1
Utah................. 58 81 114 188 307 399 12.6 14.0
Nevada............... 68 108 151 273 540 630 16.0 8.0
Pacific.............. 85 123 169 280 445 583 12.6 14.5
Washington........... 72 102 133 223 337 434 11.7 13.5
Oregon............... 66 96 127 219 347 468 12.6 16.1
California........... 88 129 180 298 479 626 12.9 14.3
Alaska...............149 173 164 255 446 552 8.1 11.3
Hawaii............... 79 115 146 222 352 479 11.3 16.7
NOTE: Per capita spending estimates are the expenditure level of services
rendered in a geographic area per resident population. Per capita
figures cannot be interpreted directly as spending per resident unless
substantially all of the services provided in a State are consumed by
residents of that State.
SOURCE: Office of the Actuary: Personal health care expenditures by State,
selected years 1966-1982, by K. R. Levit. Health Care Financing
Review. HCFA Pub. No. 03199. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Summer 1985.
3Nursing home care per capita costs & ann.% change by state'66-82
Table 120. Nursing home care per capita expenditures and average annual
percent change, according to geographic division and State:
United States, selected years 1966-82
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Average annual
percent change
Geographic division
and State 1966 1969 1972 1976 1980 1982 1966-80 1980-82
Amount per capita
United States....... $12 $19 $31 $52 $90 $114 15.5 12.5
New England......... 20 28 47 85 145 186 15.2 13.3
Maine............... 15 23 40 70 134 176 16.9 14.6
New Hampshire....... 16 20 35 43 71 90 11.2 12.6
Vermont............. 19 27 39 75 121 149 14.1 11.0
Massachusetts....... 22 32 52 94 152 192 14.8 12.4
Rhode Island........ 15 21 34 78 169 214 18.9 12.5
Connecticut......... 19 29 49 90 156 206 16.2 14.9
Middle Atlantic..... 14 21 36 66 108 145 15.7 15.9
New York............ 16 26 46 85 135 184 16.5 16.7
New Jersey.......... 10 15 24 45 77 97 15.7 12.2
Pennsylvania........ 12 18 28 48 88 116 15.3 14.8
East North Central.. 12 19 31 54 97 125 16.1 13.5
Ohio................ 12 18 27 53 99 143 16.3 20.2
Indiana............. 12 20 33 57 102 129 16.5 12.5
Illinois............ 13 20 33 52 90 109 14.8 10.1
Michigan............ 10 17 27 48 86 106 16.6 11.0
Wisconsin........... 14 22 39 71 120 150 16.6 11.8
West North Central.. 18 28 44 69 131 172 15.2 14.6
Minnesota........... 22 33 57 91 175 235 16.0 15.9
Iowa................ 22 36 51 81 143 168 14.3 8.4
Missouri............ 12 19 29 47 95 139 15.9 21.0
North Dakota........ 19 33 47 60 112 154 13.5 17.3
South Dakota........ 18 30 49 69 132 165 15.3 11.8
Nebraska............ 17 27 42 68 112 140 14.4 11.8
Kansas.............. 18 26 42 65 130 163 15.2 12.0
South Atlantic...... 8 12 20 33 59 77 15.3 14.2
Delaware............ 8 12 20 42 67 86 16.4 13.3
Maryland............ 9 17 24 46 75 102 16.4 16.6
District of Columbia 6 10 18 22 43 55 15.1 13.1
Virginia............ 6 9 16 30 63 85 18.3 16.2
West Virginia....... 3 5 12 20 41 62 20.5 23.0
North Carolina...... 6 11 16 30 58 75 17.6 13.7
South Carolina...... 6 9 16 28 62 76 18.2 10.7
Georgia............. 8 13 23 37 67 79 16.4 8.6
Florida............. 11 15 25 31 48 65 11.1 16.4
East South Central.. 7 11 20 35 67 86 17.5 13.3
Kentucky............ 9 14 23 40 81 104 17.0 13.3
Tennessee........... 6 10 17 28 56 76 17.3 16.5
Alabama............. 8 14 22 40 62 79 15.8 12.9
Mississippi......... 4 7 15 30 71 90 22.8 12.6
West South Central.. 12 19 31 48 79 94 14.4 9.1
Arkansas............ 13 21 34 50 95 112 15.3 8.6
Louisiana........... 8 13 22 38 68 89 16.5 14.4
Oklahoma............ 19 31 47 58 91 111 11.8 10.4
Texas............... 11 18 30 48 78 88 15.0 6.2
Mountain............ 10 15 23 35 59 74 13.5 12.0
Montana............. 12 17 33 43 66 92 12.9 18.1
Idaho............... 12 17 26 45 69 84 13.3 10.3
Wyoming............. 6 12 23 24 38 49 14.1 13.6
Colorado............ 15 21 33 54 86 104 13.3 10.0
New Mexico.......... 5 9 15 16 34 49 14.7 20.0
Arizona............. 8 13 17 22 41 53 12.4 13.7
Utah................ 9 12 17 30 55 63 13.8 7.0
Nevada.............. 7 10 20 29 60 82 16.6 16.9
Pacific............. 12 18 31 48 82 97 14.7 8.8
Washington.......... 16 21 43 61 109 137 14.7 12.1
Oregon.............. 17 24 37 57 94 113 13.0 9.6
California.......... 11 18 30 47 78 91 15.0 8.0
Alaska.............. 1 2 9 17 14 26 20.7 36.3
Hawaii.............. 6 10 18 28 36 63 13.7 32.3
NOTE: Per capita spending estimates are the expenditure level of services
rendered in a geographic area per resident population. Per capita
figures cannot be interpreted directly as spending per resident unless
substantially all of the services provided in a State are consumed
by residents of that State.
SOURCE: Office of the Actuary: Personal health care expenditures by State,
selected years 1966-1982, by K. R. Levit. Health Care Financing
Review. HCFA Pub. No. 03199. Health Care Financing Administration.
Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Summer 1985.
2Health Care Coverage and Major Federal Programs
3Health care coverage age <65 by type of coverage: U.S. '80,82,86
Table 121. Health care coverage for persons under 65 years of age, according
to type of coverage and selected characteristics: United States,
1980, 1982, and 1986
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Private insurance Medicaid1/ Not covered2/
Characteristic 1980 1982 1986 1980 1982 1986 1980 1982 1986
Percent of population
Total3,4/........78.8 77.3 75.9 5.9 5.6 5.9 12.5 14.7 15.3
Age
Under 15 years...74.7 72.7 71.4 10.2 9.8 10.4 12.8 15.8 16.1
Under 5 years..70.3 69.7 68.0 12.0 11.4 12.0 15.2 17.0 17.5
5-14 years.....76.7 74.2 73.1 9.4 8.9 9.5 11.7 15.2 15.3
15-44 years......79.3 77.6 75.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 14.2 16.5 17.4
45-64 years......83.6 83.1 82.4 3.1 2.7 3.0 8.6 9.7 10.3
Sex3/
Male.............79.5 78.0 76.4 4.7 4.5 4.8 12.7 14.8 15.8
Female...........78.2 76.7 75.4 7.1 6.6 6.8 12.2 14.5 14.9
Race3/
White............81.9 80.4 79.1 3.9 3.6 4.0 11.4 13.5 14.0
Black............60.1 59.6 57.0 17.9 17.2 17.4 19.0 21.2 22.6
Family income3,5/
Less than
$10,000........38.6 38.3 31.3 27.6 24.9 28.4 31.0 35.0 37.0
$10,000-$14,999..61.1 67.6 58.1 9.2 4.4 8.8 25.9 24.7 31.3
$15,000-$19,999..79.0 81.3 72.6 3.0 2.0 *2.7 15.0 14.2 21.2
$20,000-$34,999..90.2 91.8 88.3 1.1 0.7 *1.0 6.2 5.7 8.4
$35,000 or more..93.7 93.8 93.7 0.6 0.5 *0.4 3.9 4.1 3.9
Geographic
region3/
Northeast........81.7 80.5 81.6 7.0 6.9 5.9 10.3 11.0 10.7
Midwest..........83.8 82.0 79.7 5.8 5.8 7.6 9.0 10.9 10.9
South............75.6 74.3 71.6 4.8 4.6 5.1 15.0 17.5 19.2
West.............74.3 72.4 72.9 6.5 5.8 5.1 15.3 19.1 18.8
Location of
residence3/
Within MSA.......79.7 78.0 76.8 6.2 6.0 5.7 11.3 13.6 14.5
Outside MSA......77.0 75.9 72.7 5.2 4.7 6.2 14.8 17.0 18.2
1/Includes persons receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children or
Supplemental Security Income or those with current Medicaid cards.
2/Includes persons not covered by private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare,
and military plans.
3/Age adjusted.
4/Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown family income.
5/Family income categories for 1982 and 1986. Income categories in 1980 are
less than $7,000; $7,000-$9,999; $10,000-$14,999; $15,000-$24,999; $25,000 or
more.
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
NOTES: Denominators include persons with unknown health insurance(1.7 percent
in 1986). Percents do not add to 100 because the percent with other
types of health insurance (e.g., Medicare,military) and unknown health
insurance are not shown, because persons with both private insurance
and Medicaid appear in both columns.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.
3Health care coverage age >65 by type of coverage: U.S. '80,82,86
Table 122. Health care coverage for persons 65 years of age and over,
according to type of coverage and selected characteristics: United
States, 1980, 1982, and 1986
(Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian
noninstitutionalized population)
Medicare and private Medicare and
insurance Medicaid1/ Medicare2/
Characteristic 1980 1982 1986 1980 1982 1986 1980 1982 1986
Percent of population
Total3,4/.........64.4 65.5 71.6 8.1 6.1 5.8 22.7 23.1 17.9
Age
65-74 years.......67.0 68.2 73.5 6.8 4.8 4.9 20.6 20.5 15.7
75 years and over.59.9 60.6 68.2 10.3 8.3 7.3 26.4 27.7 21.7
75-84 years......61.9 62.7 70.4 9.7 8.1 7.0 24.8 26.0 19.8
85 years and over51.2 51.3 58.7 12.7 9.3 8.8 33.0 34.9 29.6
Sex3/
Male..............65.6 66.2 72.8 5.7 4.3 3.7 23.1 23.4 18.4
Female............63.6 65.0 70.8 9.6 7.3 7.3 22.4 23.0 17.5
Race3/
White.............68.3 68.9 75.4 6.6 4.8 4.5 21.0 21.6 16.1
Black.............26.5 33.0 34.2 23.3 18.2 19.7 40.6 38.5 34.9
Family income3,5/
Less than $10,000.53.4 55.6 54.7 15.7 11.7 14.4 28.2 28.9 27.1
$10,000-$14,999...72.9 76.3 78.0 4.8 3.3 *3.9 19.1 17.3 15.5
$15,000-$19,999...74.1 74.1 82.8 3.9 1.8 *2.0 18.3 17.8 11.5
$20,000-$34,999...74.4 74.6 82.0 2.5 *1.2 *2.2 16.8 17.9 10.0
$35,000 or more...71.9 73.7 77.5 2.2 *1.3 *1.4 18.3 16.0 13.9
Geographic
region3/
Northeast.........67.4 66.6 74.1 5.6 4.1 4.1 22.3 23.3 17.0
Midwest...........71.2 71.3 77.7 4.9 3.1 3.8 19.9 21.2 14.5
South.............58.9 60.2 65.3 10.8 9.2 8.0 25.6 25.4 21.0
West..............60.7 65.3 70.6 10.9 7.2 6.6 21.7 21.5 18.2
Location of
residence3/
Within MSA........64.2 66.1 71.7 7.5 5.0 5.2 23.0 22.8 17.8
Outside MSA.......64.9 64.3 71.2 9.2 7.8 7.2 22.2 23.7 18.1
1/Includes persons receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children or
Supplemental Security Income or those with current Medicaid cards.
2/Includes persons not covered by private insurance or Medicaid.
3/Age adjusted.
4/Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown family income.
5/Family income categories for 1982 and 1986. Income categories in 1980 are
less than $7,000; $7,000-$9,999; $10,000-$14,999; $15,000-$24,999; $25,000 or
more.
*Relative standard error greater than 30 percent.
NOTES: Persons with Medicare, private insurance, and Medicaid appear in both
columns. Denominators include persons with unknown health insurance
(0.8 percent in 1986). In 1986, 5.0 percent of all persons 65 years of
age and over had no Medicare but only 0.6 percent were without health
insurance.
SOURCE: Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for
Health Statistics: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.
3HMO and enrollment by model type, geo div,Fed program: '76-89
Table 123. Health maintenance organizations and enrollment, according to
model type, geographic region, and Federal program: United
States, selected years 1976-89
Plans and enrollment 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984
Plans Number
All plans................ 174 202 235 264 304
Model type:2/
Individual practice
association3/......... 41 70 97 97 125
Group.................. 122 129 138 167 179
Geographic region:
Northeast.............. 29 49 55 59 67
Midwest................ 52 57 72 87 105
South.................. 23 33 45 52 67
West................... 70 63 63 66 65
Enrollment4/ Number of persons in thousands
Total.................... 5987 7450 9078 10807 15101
Model type:2/
Individual practice
association3/......... 390 1051 1694 1471 2929
Group.................. 5562 6376 7384 9336 12172
Federal program:5/
Medicaid............... --- 230 265 197 349
Medicare............... --- 376 391 431 671
Number per 1,000 population
Geographic region:
Northeast.............. 19.9 24.9 31.4 39.0 57.8
Midwest................ 15.2 18.7 28.1 37.2 61.6
South.................. 4.3 6.2 8.3 11.1 20.4
West................... 96.9 113.3 121.8 128.7 148.0
Plans and enrollment 19851/ 1986 1987 1989
Plans Number
All plans................ 478 623 647 604
Model type:2/
Individual practice
association3/......... 244 384 409 385
Group.................. 234 239 238 219
Geographic region:
Northeast.............. 81 105 114 118
Midwest................ 157 202 203 183
South.................. 141 188 194 172
West................... 99 128 136 131
Enrollment4/ Number of persons in thousands
Total.................... 21005 25725 29232 31883
Model type:2/
Individual practice
association3/......... 6379 9932 12014 13542
Group.................. 14625 15793 17217 18342
Federal program:5/
Medicaid............... 561 802 811 ---
Medicare............... 1064 1490 1674 1561
Number per 1,000 population
Geographic region:
Northeast.............. 79.4 100.5 117.0 137.7
Midwest................ 96.8 116.4 130.5 129.2
South.................. 37.5 54.4 64.2 70.5
West................... 172.5 190.4 205.6 225.5
1/Increases partly due to changes in reporting methods (see Appendix I).
2/11 HMO's with 35,000 enrollment did not report model type in 1976.
3 HMO's with 23,000 enrollment did not report model type in 1978.
3/An individual practice association is a health maintenance
organization that contracts with an association of physicians from
various settings (a mixture of solo and group practices) to provide
health services.
4/Enrollment in hybrid and open-ended HMO plans, amounting to nearly 1.5
million on Jan. 1, 1989, is not included in this table.
5/Federal program enrollment in HMO's refers to enrollment by Medicaid or
Medicare beneficiaries, where the Medicaid or Medicare program contracts
directly with the HMO to pay the appropriate annual premium.
NOTES: Data as of June 30 each year, except August in 1978, December 31
in 1985-87, and January 1 in 1989. HMO's in Guam are not included.
SOURCES: Office of Health Maintenance Organizations: Summary of the
National HMO census of prepaid plans-June 1976, National HMO
census of prepaid plans 1978, and National HMO Census 1980.
Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing
Office. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 80-50159; InterStudy: National
HMO Census: Annual Report on the Growth of HMO's in the U.S.,
1982-1985 Editions; The InterStudy Edge, Spring
1987, Spring 1988, 1989, vol. 2; Unpublished data; 1986 December
Update of Medicare Enrollment in HMO's. 1988 January Update
of Medicare Enrollment in HMO's. Excelsior, Minnesota (Copyrights
HMO's. Excelsior, Minnesota (Copyrights 1983, 1984, 1985,
1986, 1987, 1988, 1989: Used with the permission of InterStudy);
Regional populations obtained from U.S. Bureau of the Census,
3Medicare enrollees & expenditures & % dist. by service: '67-88
Table 124. Medicare enrollees and expenditures and percent distribution,
according to type of service: United States, selected years
1967-88
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Type of service 1967 1970 1975 1980
Enrollees2/ Number in millions
Total3/.......................... 19.5 20.5 25.0 28.5
Hospital insurance (HI)........ 19.5 20.4 24.6 28.1
Supplementary medical
insurance (SMI)............... 17.9 19.6 23.9 27.4
Expenditures Amount in millions
Total............................ $4,737 $7,493 $16,316 $36,822
Total hospital insurance (HI)4/.. 3430 5281 11581 25577
Inpatient hospital............. 3034 4827 10877 24082
Skilled nursing facility....... 282 246 278 401
Home health agency............. 29 51 160 568
Hospice........................ ... ... ... ...
Administrative expenses5/...... 77 157 266 512
Total supplementary medical
insurance (SMI)................. 1307 2212 4735 11245
Physician...................... 1128 1790 3415 8188
Outpatient hospital............ 26 117 652 1935
Home health agency............. 17 31 87 195
Group practice prepayment...... 19 26 80 203
Independent laboratory......... 7 11 39 114
Administrative expenses........ 110 237 462 610
Percent distribution of expenditures
Total hospital insurance (HI)4/.. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Inpatient hospital............. 88.5 91.4 93.9 94.2
Skilled nursing facility....... 8.2 4.7 2.4 1.6
Home health agency............. 0.8 1.0 1.4 2.2
Hospice........................ ... ... ... ...
Administrative expenses5/...... 2.2 3.0 2.3 2.0
Total supplementary medical
insurance (SMI)................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Physician...................... 86.3 80.9 72.1 72.8
Outpatient hospital............ 2.0 5.3 13.8 17.2
Home health agency............. 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.7
Group practice prepayment...... 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.8
Independent laboratory......... 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0
Administrative expenses........ 8.4 10.7 9.8 5.4
Type of service 1985 1986 1987 19881/
Enrollees2/ Number in millions
Total3/.......................... 31.1 31.7 32.4 33.0
Hospital insurance (HI)........ 30.6 31.2 31.8 ---
Supplementary medical
insurance (SMI)............... 30.0 30.6 31.2 ---
Expenditures Amount in millions
Total............................ 72,294 $77,721 $82,030 $88,560
Total hospital insurance (HI)4/.. 48414 50422 50289 53331
Inpatient hospital............. 44698 46746 46446 49265
Skilled nursing facility....... 578 587 631 666
Home health agency............. 2148 2230 2195 2320
Hospice........................ 20 42 70 98
Administrative expenses5/...... 834 664 793 815
Total supplementary medical
insurance (SMI)................. 23880 27299 31741 35229
Physician...................... 17311 19212 22618 24338
Outpatient hospital............ 4304 5144 5903 6545
Home health agency............. 54 45 53 52
Group practice prepayment...... 720 1113 1361 2019
Independent laboratory......... 558 725 885 1015
Administrative expenses........ 933 1060 921 1260
Percent distribution of expenditures
Total hospital insurance (HI)4/.. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Inpatient hospital............. 92.3 92.7 92.4 92.4
Skilled nursing facility....... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2
Home health agency............. 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4
Hospice........................ 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2
Administrative expenses5/...... 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.5
Total supplementary medical
insurance (SMI)................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Physician...................... 72.5 70.4 71.3 69.1
Outpatient hospital............ 18.0 18.8 18.6 18.6
Home health agency............. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
Group practice prepayment...... 3.0 4.1 4.3 5.7
Independent laboratory......... 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.9
Administrative expenses........ 3.9 3.9 2.9 3.6
1/Preliminary figures.
2/Includes the U.S. population residing in the United States, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands, Guam, other outlying areas, and foreign countries, and
residence unknown.
3/Number enrolled in the hospital insurance and/or supplementary medical
insurance programs on July 1.
4/Includes coverage for outpatient hospital diagnostic service under HI
terminated after Mar. 31, 1968, and Medicaid and Maternal and Child Health
Professional Standard Review Organization activity through 1981, Peer Review
Organization activity after 1983; is counted as an inpatient hospital benefit
in other actuarial tables presenting benefit payments by type of benefit.
5/Includes costs of experiments and demonstration projects.
NOTE: Distribution of benefits by type is estimated and subject to change.
SOURCE: Office of Medicare Cost Estimates, Office of the Actuary. Health Care
Financing Administration. Washington. Feb. 1989.
3Medicare enrollment, # served & payments for age>65:'67,77,86
Table 125. Medicare enrollment, persons served, and payments for Medicare
enrollees 65 years of age and over, according to selected
characteristics: United States and other areas: 1967, 1977,
and 1986
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Enrollment Persons served per
in millions1/ 1,000 enrollees2/
Characteristic 1967 1977 1986 1967 1977 1986
Total.............. 19.5 23.8 28.8 367 570 732
Age
65-66 years........ 2.8 3.3 3.9 300 533 652
67-68 years........ 2.6 3.2 3.5 326 511 656
69-70 years........ 2.4 2.9 3.3 339 531 689
71-72 years........ 2.3 2.6 3.1 351 555 719
73-74 years........ 2.1 2.3 2.8 369 576 735
75-79 years........ 3.9 4.5 5.6 398 597 768
80-84 years........ 2.2 3.0 3.6 430 623 808
85 years and over.. 1.3 2.1 2.9 465 652 827
Sex
Male............... 8.3 9.6 11.5 357 546 691
Female............. 11.3 14.2 17.3 373 586 759
Race4/
White.............. 17.4 21.1 25.2 375 576 738
Other.............. 1.5 2.1 2.7 260 514 683
Geographic region5/
Northeast.......... 5.1 5.7 6.5 385 613 775
Midwest............ 5.6 6.3 7.3 352 541 729
South.............. 5.6 7.5 9.4 351 556 736
West............... 2.9 3.8 5.0 455 632 727
Payments per Payments per
person served3/ enrollee3/
Characteristic 1967 1977 1986 1967 1977 1986
Total.............. $592 $1,332 $2,870 $217 $759 $2,100
Age
65-66 years........ 496 1075 2118 149 573 1381
67-68 years........ 521 1173 2441 170 599 1601
69-70 years........ 530 1211 2579 180 643 1777
71-72 years........ 560 1228 2777 197 681 1997
73-74 years........ 574 1319 2910 212 759 2140
75-79 years........ 624 1430 3100 248 853 2380
80-84 years........ 693 1549 3310 298 965 2674
85 years and over.. 740 1636 3477 345 1068 2875
Sex
Male............... 647 1505 3272 231 821 2261
Female............. 554 1223 2626 207 717 1992
Race4/
White.............. 593 1328 2842 222 765 2097
Other.............. 557 1404 3185 145 722 2174
Geographic region5/
Northeast.......... 604 1426 2933 233 874 2274
Midwest............ 599 1401 2894 211 757 2110
South.............. 528 1198 2744 186 666 2018
West............... 620 1341 3051 282 848 2218
1/Includes fee-for-service and Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
enrollees and is as of July 1 each year.
2/Excludes HMO enrollees.
3/Excludes amounts for HMO services.
4/Excludes persons of unknown race.
5/Includes the resident population of the United States but not residence
unknown.
NOTES: Data includes the United States, residence unknown, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands, Guam, other outlying areas and foreign countries.
Some numbers in this table have been revised and differ from
previous editions of Health, United States.
SOURCE: Bureau of Data Management and Strategy, Health Care Financing
Administration: Unpublished data.
3Rates non-Fed hosp utilization&age/disabled Medicare payment'80s
Table 126. Selected rates of non-Federal short-stay hospital utilization and
benefit payments for aged and disabled Medicare enrollees,
according to geographic division: United States, 1980, 1984,
and 1987
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Discharges from Average length of stay in
short-stay hospitals short-stay hospitals
Geographic division 1980 1984 1987 1980 1984 1987
Number per 1,000 hospital Number of days per
insurance enrollees hospital discharge
United States....... 372 371 324 10.6 8.9 9.0
New England.......... 333 343 299 12.1 10.4 10.5
Middle Atlantic...... 329 348 318 13.4 11.8 11.4
East North Central... 373 367 327 11.2 9.0 8.8
West North Central... 426 400 324 9.9 7.9 8.0
South Atlantic....... 372 375 320 10.3 8.6 9.2
East South Central... 436 450 410 9.6 8.1 8.2
West South Central... 433 436 355 9.1 7.7 8.0
Mountain............. 360 333 298 8.7 7.3 7.1
Pacific.............. 338 326 288 8.7 7.3 7.5
Benefit payments
Average total charges in
short-stay hospitals1/ Hospital insurance2/
1980 1984 1987 1980 1984 1987
Amount per day Amount per enrollee
United States........ $296 $552 $763 $909 $1,466 $1,587
New England.......... 295 496 659 978 1543 1497
Middle Atlantic...... 304 502 642 965 1596 1649
East North Central... 298 560 769 1008 1542 1753
West North Central... 246 506 724 888 1387 1461
South Atlantic....... 277 538 749 818 1346 1414
East South Central... 249 491 709 754 1296 1621
West South Central... 259 516 773 798 1434 1546
Mountain............. 310 623 899 782 1269 1478
Pacific.............. 424 819 1119 1003 1551 1657
Average days of care in
short-stay hospitals
Geographic division 1980 1984 1987
Number per 1,000 hospital
insurance enrollees
United States........ 4016 3297 2902
New England.......... 4130 3562 3130
Middle Atlantic...... 4528 4099 3607
East North Central... 4243 3288 2882
West North Central... 4371 3176 2603
South Atlantic....... 3880 3205 2928
East South Central... 4260 3649 3358
West South Central... 4025 3364 2856
Mountain............. 3243 2432 2128
Pacific.............. 2988 2389 2161
Benefit payments
Supplementary
medical insurance
1980 1984 1987
United States........ $390 $672 $996
New England.......... 402 672 1165
Middle Atlantic...... 428 763 1075
East North Central... 370 636 991
West North Central... 304 477 735
South Atlantic....... 384 663 954
East South Central... 281 479 786
West South Central... 352 652 960
Mountain............. 368 625 931
Pacific.............. 509 863 1199
1/Includes charges for Medicare covered and noncovered services and days.
2/Benefit payments represent cash-flow disbursements from the Medicare
Hospital Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds for all
types of covered services and include retroactive adjustments for nonbilling
reimbursement such as Prospective Payment System passthroughs (capital,
direct medical education, kidney acquisitions, and bad debts by Medicare
patients), indirect medical education, lump sum interim payments, and
audited fiscal year cost adjustments. Approximately 90 percent of
total benefit payments are for short-stay hospital services.
SOURCE: Health Care Financing Administration: Unpublished data.
3Medicaid recipient & medical vendor payment by eligibility'72-88
Table 127. Medicaid recipients and medical vendor payments, according to
basis of eligibility: United States, selected years 1972-88
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Basis of eligibility 19721/ 19751/ 19802/ 19842/
Recipients Number in millions
All recipients................ 17.6 22.0 21.6 21.6
Percent distribution
Total......................... 100.0 100.0 ... ...
Aged3/........................ 18.8 16.4 15.9 15.0
Blind and disabled............ 9.8 11.2 13.5 13.5
Adults in AFDC4/ families..... 17.8 20.6 22.6 25.9
Children in AFDC4/ families... 44.5 43.6 43.2 44.8
Other Title XIX5/............. 9.0 8.2 6.9 5.5
Vendor payments Amount in billions
All payments.................. $6.3 $12.2 $23.3 $33.9
Percent distribution
Total......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Aged3/........................ 30.6 35.6 37.5 37.8
Blind and disabled............ 22.2 25.7 32.7 35.3
Adults in AFDC4/ families..... 15.3 16.8 13.9 13.0
Children in AFDC4/ families... 18.1 17.9 13.4 11.7
Other Title XIX5/............. 13.9 4.0 2.6 2.1
Vendor payments per recipient Amount
All recipients................ $358 $556 $1,079 $1,569
Aged3/........................ 580 1206 2540 3958
Blind and disabled............ 807 1276 2618 4112
Adults in AFDC4/ families..... 307 455 662 789
Children in AFDC4/ families... 145 228 335 411
Other Title XIX5/............. 555 273 398 590
Basis of eligibilit 19852/ 19862/ 19872/ 19882/
Recipients Number in millions
All recipients................ 21.8 22.5 23.1 22.9
Percent distribution
Total......................... ... ... ... ...
Aged3/........................ 14.0 13.9 14.1 13.8
Blind and disabled............ 13.8 14.2 14.6 15.2
Adults in AFDC4/ families..... 25.3 25.1 24.2 24.0
Children in AFDC4/ families... 44.7 44.4 44.0 43.8
Other Title XIX5/............. 5.6 6.0 6.1 5.9
Vendor payments Amount in billions
All payments.................. $37.5 $41.0 $45.0 $48.7
Percent distribution
Total......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Aged3/........................ 37.6 36.8 35.6 35.2
Blind and disabled............ 35.9 36.4 37.3 38.2
Adults in AFDC4/ families..... 12.7 11.9 12.4 12.1
Children in AFDC4/ families... 11.8 12.5 12.2 12.0
Other Title XIX5/............. 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.5
Vendor payments per recipient Amount
All recipients................ $1,719 $1,821 $1,949 $2,126
Aged3/........................ 4605 4808 4974 5426
Blind and disabled............ 4459 4686 4974 5332
Adults in AFDC4/ families..... 860 864 999 1069
Children in AFDC4/ families... 452 512 542 583
Other Title XIX5/............. 657 720 763 892
1/Data for fiscal year ending June 30.
2/Data for fiscal year ending September 30. Recipients included in more
than 1 category.
3/65 years and over.
4/Aid to Families with Dependent Children.
5/Includes some participants in Supplemental Security Income program and
other people deemed medically needy in participating States.
SOURCE: Bureau of Data Management and Strategy, Health Care Financing
Administration: Unpublished data.
3Medicaid recipient &medical vendor payment by type service'72-88
Table 128. Medicaid recipients and medical vendor payments, according to type
of service: United States, selected fiscal years 1972-88
(Data are compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration)
Type of service 19721/ 19751/ 19802/ 19842/
Recipients Number in millions
All recipients................... 17.6 22.0 21.6 21.6
Percent of recipients3/
Inpatient services:
General hospitals.............. 16.1 15.6 17.0 16.0
Mental hospitals............... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Skilled nursing facility
services........................ 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.6
Intermediate care facility
services:
Mentally retarded.............. --- 0.3 0.6 0.7
All other...................... --- 3.1 3.7 3.7
Physician services............... 69.8 69.1 63.7 65.7
Dental services.................. 13.6 17.9 21.5 22.9
Other practitioner services...... 9.1 12.1 15.0 15.5
Outpatient hospital services..... 29.6 33.8 44.9 46.4
Clinic services.................. 2.8 4.9 7.1 9.4
Laboratory and radiological
services........................ 20.0 21.5 14.9 22.3
Home health services............. 0.6 1.6 1.8 2.0
Prescribed drugs................. 63.3 64.3 63.4 64.5
Family planning services......... ... 5.5 5.2 7.3
Early and periodic screening..... ... ... ... 8.6
Rural health clinic services..... ... ... ... 0.4
Other care....................... 14.4 13.2 11.9 11.7
Vendor payments Amount in billions
All payments..................... $6.3 $12.2 $23.3 $33.9
Percent distribution
Total............................100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Inpatient services:
General hospitals.............. 40.6 27.6 27.5 26.1
Mental hospitals............... 1.8 3.3 3.3 3.1
Skilled nursing facility
services........................ 23.3 19.9 15.8 14.2
Intermediate care facility
services:
Mentally retarded.............. --- 3.1 8.5 12.6
All other...................... --- 15.4 18.0 17.2
Physician services............... 12.6 10.0 8.0 6.6
Dental services.................. 2.7 2.8 2.0 1.4
Other practitioner services...... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7
Outpatient hospital services..... 5.8 3.0 4.7 4.9
Clinic services.................. 0.7 3.2 1.4 1.8
Laboratory and radiological
services........................ 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.6
Home health services............. 0.4 0.6 1.4 2.3
Prescribed drugs................. 8.1 6.7 5.7 5.8
Family planning services......... ... 0.5 0.3 0.5
Early and periodic screening..... ... ... ... 0.2
Rural health clinic services..... ... ... ... 0.0
Other care....................... 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.2
Vendor payments per recipient Amount
Total payment per recipient...... $358 $556 $1,079 $1,569
Inpatient services:
General hospitals.............. 903 983 1742 2552
Mental hospitals............... 2825 6045 11742 29771
Skilled nursing facility
services........................ 2665 3863 6081 8605
Intermediate care facility
services:
Mentally retarded.............. --- 5507 16438 30184
All other...................... --- 2764 5326 7315
Physician services............... 65 81 136 156
Dental services.................. 71 86 99 95
Other practitioner services...... 37 48 61 69
Outpatient hospital services..... 70 50 113 164
Clinic services.................. 82 358 209 292
Laboratory and radiological
services........................ 23 27 38 43
Home health services............. 229 204 847 1767
Prescribed drugs................. 46 58 96 141
Family planning services......... ... 55 72 104
Early and periodic screening..... ... ... ... 42
Rural health clinic services..... ... ... ... 75
Other care....................... 44 80 172 298
Type of service 19852/ 19862/ 19872/ 19882/
Recipients Number in millions
All recipients................... 21.8 22.5 23.1 22.9
Percent of recipients3/
Inpatient services:
General hospitals.............. 15.7 15.7 16.3 16.7
Mental hospitals............... 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3
Skilled nursing facility
services........................ 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Intermediate care facility
services:
Mentally retarded.............. 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6
All other...................... 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8
Physician services............... 66.0 66.2 66.5 66.6
Dental services.................. 21.4 22.9 22.2 22.1
Other practitioner services...... 15.4 15.3 15.3 15.2
Outpatient hospital services..... 46.2 47.5 47.5 46.0
Clinic services.................. 9.7 9.0 9.4 9.8
Laboratory and radiological
services........................ 29.1 31.6 32.9 33.1
Home health services............. 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5
Prescribed drugs................. 63.8 65.3 65.3 66.9
Family planning services......... 7.5 7.7 7.1 6.7
Early and periodic screening..... 8.7 9.5 9.7 10.0
Rural health clinic services..... 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
Other care....................... 15.5 14.7 15.6 18.2
Vendor payments Amount in billions
All payments.....................$37.5 $41.0 $45.1 $48.7
Percent distribution
Total............................100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Inpatient services:
General hospitals.............. 25.2 25.3 25.1 24.8
Mental hospitals............... 3.2 2.7 3.1 2.8
Skilled nursing facility
services........................ 13.5 13.8 13.2 13.0
Intermediate care facility
services:
Mentally retarded.............. 12.6 12.4 12.4 12.4
All other...................... 17.4 16.5 16.2 16.3
Physician services............... 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1
Dental services.................. 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2
Other practitioner services...... 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6
Outpatient hospital services..... 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0
Clinic services.................. 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3
Laboratory and radiological
services........................ 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1
Home health services............. 3.0 3.3 3.8 4.1
Prescribed drugs................. 6.2 6.6 6.6 6.8
Family planning services......... 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4
Early and periodic screening..... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3
Rural health clinic services..... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other care....................... 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9
Vendor payments per recipient Amount
Total payment per recipient.....$1,719 $1,821 $1,949 $2,126
Inpatient services:
General hospitals.............. 2753 2924 3000 3151
Mental hospitals...............19867 21000 24719 22917
Skilled nursing facility
services........................ 9274 9912 10432 10974
Intermediate care facility
services:
Mentally retarded..............32102 34979 37523 41531
All other...................... 7882 8180 8575 9149
Physician services............... 163 171 181 193
Dental services.................. 98 103 105 114
Other practitioner services...... 75 73 74 82
Outpatient hospital services..... 178 185 203 229
Clinic services.................. 337 398 441 490
Laboratory and radiological
services........................ 53 60 63 72
Home health services............. 2093 2280 2775 3541
Prescribed drugs................. 166 183 198 215
Family planning services......... 119 130 138 135
Early and periodic screening..... 45 48 51 54
Rural health clinic services..... 81 93 101 107
Other care....................... 274 331 340 343
1/Data for fiscal year ending June 30.
2/Data for fiscal year ending September 30.
3/Recipients included in more than 1 category.
SOURCE: Bureau of Data Management and Strategy, Health Care Financing
Administration: Unpublished data.
3Veterans medical care costs & % distribution--type service'65-88
Table 129. Veterans medical care expenditures and percent distribution,
according to type of service: United States, selected fiscal
years 1965-88
(Data are compiled from Veterans Administration sources)
Type of service 19651/ 19701/ 19751/ 1980
Patients treated Number in thousands
Inpatient hospital.............. 730 787 1065 1235
Outpatient care................. 5987 7312 13799 18206
Veterans Administration nursing
homes and domiciliaries........ --- 34 30 28
Community nursing homes......... --- 15 24 28
All other3/..................... --- 43 53 57
Expenditures Amount in millions
All expenditures4/.............. $1,150 $1,689 $3,328 $5,981
Percent distribution
All services.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Inpatient hospital.............. 81.9 71.3 66.4 64.3
Outpatient care................. 12.0 14.0 17.8 19.1
Veterans Administration nursing
homes and domiciliaries........ 2.9 4.3 4.8 5.1
Community nursing homes......... 0.0 1.2 1.4 2.0
All other3/..................... 3.2 9.1 9.6 9.6
Type of service 1985 1986 19872/ 1988
Patients treated Number in thousands
Inpatient hospital.............. 1306 1328 1077 1086
Outpatient care................. 19586 20188 21890 23232
Veterans Administration nursing
homes and domiciliaries........ 34 37 40 44
Community nursing homes......... 39 41 42 42
All other3/..................... 56 56 52 52
Expenditures Amount in millions
All expenditures4/.............. $8,936 $9,275 $9,673 $10,230
Percent distribution
All services.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.1
Inpatient hospital.............. 60.3 57.2 55.5 53.9
Outpatient care................. 18.9 20.7 21.5 22.7
Veterans Administration nursing
homes and domiciliaries........ 5.4 5.9 6.2 6.5
Community nursing homes......... 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.5
All other3/..................... 12.4 12.9 13.4 13.4
1/Data for fiscal year ending June 30; all other data for fiscal year
ending September 30.
2/Reflects reclassification of 1-day dialysis treatment of ambulatory
patients as an outpatient procedure rather than a 1-day hospital
admission.
3/Includes miscellaneous benefits and services, contract hospitals,
education and training, subsidies to State veterans hospitals, nursing
homes, and domiciliaries, and the Civilian Health and Medical Program
of the Veterans Administration.
4/Medical care expenditures exclude construction, medical
administration, and miscellaneous operating expenses.
SOURCE: Budget Office, Veterans Administration: Unpublished data.
3Mental health costs,% dist., & per capita costs by org.: '69-86
Table 130. Mental health expenditures, percent distribution, and per capita
expenditures, according to type of mental health organization:
United States, selected years 1969-86
(Data are based on inventories of mental health organizations)
Type of organization 1969 1975 1979
Amount in thousands
All organizations..................... $3,292,563 $6,564,312 $8,763,795
State and county mental hospitals..... 1814101 3185049 3756754
Private psychiatric hospitals......... 220026 466720 743037
Non-Federal general hospitals with
separate psychiatric services........ 298000 621284 722868
Veterans Administration medical
centers1/............................ 450000 699027 848469
Federally funded community mental
health centers....................... 143491 775580 1480890
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children....... 122711 278950 436246
Freestanding psychiatric
outpatient clinics................... 185517 421557 588690
All other organizations2/............. 58717 116145 186841
Percent distribution
All organizations..................... 100.0 100.0 100.0
State and county mental hospitals..... 55.1 48.5 42.9
Private psychiatric hospitals......... 6.7 7.1 8.5
Non-Federal general hospitals with
separate psychiatric services........ 9.0 9.5 8.2
Veterans Administration medical
centers1/............................ 13.7 10.6 9.7
Federally funded community mental
health centers....................... 4.4 11.8 16.9
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children....... 3.7 4.3 5.0
Freestanding psychiatric
outpatient clinics................... 5.6 6.4 6.7
All other organizations2/............. 1.8 1.8 2.1
Amount per capita3/
All organizations..................... $17 $31 $40
State and county mental hospitals..... 9 15 17
Private psychiatric hospitals......... 1 2 3
Non-Federal general hospitals with
separate psychiatric services........ 2 3 3
Veterans Administration medical
centers1/............................ 2 3 4
Federally funded community mental
health centers....................... 1 4 7
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children....... 1 1 2
Freestanding psychiatric
outpatient clinics................... 1 2 3
All other organizations2/............. 0 1 1
Type of organization 1983 1986
Amount in thousands
All organizations..................... $14,431,943 $18,457,741
State and county mental hospitals..... 5491473 6325844
Private psychiatric hospitals......... 1711907 2629009
Non-Federal general hospitals with
separate psychiatric services........ 2175657 2877739
Veterans Administration medical
centers1/............................ 1316127 1337943
Federally funded community mental
health centers....................... - -
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children....... 572983 977616
Freestanding psychiatric
outpatient clinics................... 430025 518069
All other organizations2/............. 2733771 3791521
Percent distribution
All organizations..................... 100.0 100.0
State and county mental hospitals..... 38.0 34.4
Private psychiatric hospitals......... 11.9 14.2
Non-Federal general hospitals with
separate psychiatric services........ 15.1 15.6
Veterans Administration medical
centers1/............................ 9.1 7.2
Federally funded community mental
health centers....................... - -
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children....... 4.0 5.3
Freestanding psychiatric
outpatient clinics................... 3.0 2.8
All other organizations2/............. 18.9 20.5
Amount per capita3/
All organizations..................... $62 $77
State and county mental hospitals..... 24 26
Private psychiatric hospitals......... 7 11
Non-Federal general hospitals with
separate psychiatric services........ 9 12
Veterans Administration medical
centers1/............................ 6 6
Federally funded community mental
health centers....................... - -
Residential treatment centers for
emotionally disturbed children....... 2 4
Freestanding psychiatric
outpatient clinics................... 2 2
All other organizations2/............. 12 16
1/Includes Veterans Administration neuropsychiatric hospitals, general
hospital psychiatric services, and psychiatric outpatient clinics.
2/Includes freestanding psychiatric partial care organizations
and multiservice mental health organizations. Multiservice mental health
organizations were redefined in 1984; see Appendix I.
3/Civilian population.
NOTE: Changes in reporting procedures in 1983 affect the comparability of
data with those from previous years.
SOURCES: Survey and Reports Branch,Division of Biometry and Applied Sciences,
National Institute of Mental Health: R. W. Manderscheid and S. A.
Mental Health: R. W. Manderscheid and S. A. Barrett: Mental
Health, United States, 1987. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 87-1518. U.S.
3State mental health agency per capita cost for services:81,83,85
Table 131. State mental health agency per capita expenditures for mental
health services, and average annual percent change, according
to State: United States, fiscal years 1981, 1983, and 1985
Average annual
percent change
State 1981 1983 1985 1981-85
Amount per capita
United States............. $27 $31 $35 6.8
Alabama................... 20 24 28 8.7
Alaska.................... 38 41 45 4.3
Arizona................... 10 10 12 4.8
Arkansas.................. 17 20 24 9.1
California................ 28 29 34 4.2
Colorado.................. 24 25 28 3.9
Connecticut............... 32 39 44 8.5
Delaware.................. 44 51 46 0.9
District of Columbia...... --- 23 28 ---
Florida................... 20 23 26 6.4
Georgia................... 25 26 23 -1.8
Hawaii.................... 19 22 23 4.7
Idaho..................... 13 15 15 2.9
Illinois.................. 18 21 24 7.4
Indiana................... 19 23 27 9.9
Iowa...................... 8 10 11 7.4
Kansas.................... 17 22 27 11.3
Kentucky.................. 15 17 19 6.1
Louisiana................. 19 23 26 8.0
Maine..................... 25 32 36 9.5
Maryland.................. 33 37 40 4.9
Massachusetts............. 32 36 46 9.7
Michigan.................. 32 39 49 10.8
Minnesota1/............... 17 30 32 17.3
Mississippi............... 14 16 24 14.8
Missouri.................. 24 25 28 4.1
Montana................... 24 28 29 4.5
Nebraska.................. 16 19 21 6.6
Nevada.................... 22 25 26 4.4
New Hampshire............. 35 39 42 4.9
New Jersey................ 26 31 36 7.9
New Mexico................ 24 25 25 0.9
New York.................. 67 74 90 7.8
North Carolina............ 24 29 38 12.2
North Dakota.............. 38 42 36 -1.5
Ohio...................... 25 28 30 5.3
Oklahoma.................. 22 33 31 8.8
Oregon.................... 20 21 25 5.0
Pennsylvania.............. 41 47 52 6.6
Rhode Island.............. 36 32 35 -0.7
South Carolina............ 31 33 33 1.4
South Dakota.............. 17 21 22 6.2
Tennessee................. 18 20 23 6.3
Texas..................... 13 16 17 7.3
Utah...................... 13 16 17 6.8
Vermont................... 32 40 44 8.3
Virginia.................. 23 29 32 9.1
Washington................ 18 24 30 13.4
West Virginia............. 20 20 22 2.5
Wisconsin................. 22 27 28 5.5
Wyoming................... 23 28 31 7.2
1/1981 data not comparable with 1983 and 1985 data.
SOURCE: National Institute of Mental Health: R. W. Manderscheid and
S. A. Barrett: Mental Health, United States, 1987. DHHS Pub. No.
(ADM) 87-1518. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987.
