Scientific Data Documentation
Public Health Laboratory Information System
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The Public Health Laboratory Information System (PHLIS) is a PC-
based software application designed for use in Public Health
Laboratories for the reporting and analysis of a variety of
conditions of public health importance which have a significant
laboratory testing component. PHLIS provides easy-to-use data
collection screens, pre-formatted data analysis tools, programmed
telecommunications functions for transmitting data to CDC and
state locations, and data management utilities. Among its
advantages, PHLIS can import data from existing state-based
databases and can export data to other state-based statistical,
mapping or reporting software tools. Further, PHLIS data is
maintained in a format compatible with data maintained in the
State Epidemiologist's office to facilitate communication of the
data within state health departments.
PHLIS reports standard demographic data associated with a
laboratory isolate as well as laboratory test results,
information about laboratory procedures and outbreak-related
information. After removal of personal identifiers, PHLIS will
transmit data directly to CDC and to other state health
department offices. Public use data collected by PHLIS will be
available through CDC's WONDER system.
The National Center for Infectious Diseases and the Association
of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors began
developing PHLIS in 1988. By summer, 1989, nine states were
participating in a pilot program to report laboratory confirmed
Salmonella sp. isolates electronically to CDC and to the State
Epidemiologist. In addition to salmonellosis, the current
version of PHLIS reports Campylobacter sp., Mycobacteria sp., and
Shigella sp. isolates. As of December 1992, PHLIS was in use in
over 40 states. Plans call for the addition of several diseases
for laboratory-based reporting in 1993.
PHLIS is menu-driven and designed to be used by novice computer
users. HELP is always provided on the computer screen. A User's
Guide is available, and the PHLIS Help Desk accepts calls from
9:00 - 5:00 Eastern Time, Monday through Friday. Please call the
Help Desk at 404-639-3365 to request further information about
PHLIS.
DESCRIPTION
The PHLIS Mycobacterium sp. file contains data on mycobacteria
isolated and identified in state public health laboratories. The
data are electronically transmitted from the state public health
laboratories to the National Center for Infectious Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The operation of the
PHLIS Mycobacterium module is facilitated by agreements between
CDC and the Association of State and Territorial Public Health
Laboratory Directors on system content, protocols for formatting
and transmitting data, and standard case definitions. Designated
staff members in each participating agency provide and prepare
the data for transmission, and designated CDC staff are
responsible for editing and compilation of data into the
accompanying tables. In WONDER, two tables are available, which
list Mycobacterium species by region of the country, and
antituberculosis drug susceptibility patterns of M. tuberculosis
isolates by region of the country. Line-listed data are not
available from this file, nor are state-specific data.
INTERPRETIVE INFORMATION
The PHLIS Mycobacterium module tracks mycobacterial
isolates, not individual patients or specific cases of
mycobacterial disease. Many mycobacteria are commonly isolated
from the environment (especially water), and may colonize
normally nonsterile body sites, such as sputum and wounds. Some
mycobacterial species are considered nonpathogenic to humans, but
may contaminate specimens and cultures or may colonize the
respiratory tract. Some of these nonpathogenic mycobacteria are
among the more common species processed in mycobacteriology
laboratories. For other nontuberculous mycobacteria
(mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis) reported in PHLIS, it
is not possible to determine if an isolate was obtained from a
patient with mycobacterial illness, or was simply colonizing a
nonsterile site. As an example, studies have demonstrated that
isolation of M. avium complex from respiratory specimens is
associated with M. avium pulmonary disease less than 50% of the
time.
Since PHLIS tracks isolates rather than persons, multiple
isolates from the same individual may appear in the dataset.
Laboratories participating in PHLIS use uniform reporting
criteria to determine which isolates should be reported, and CDC
analyzes the data before presentation to eliminate possible
duplicates. For species other than M. tuberculosis, the
following criteria are used as the basis for including multiple
mycobacterial isolates from the same person in the PHLIS dataset:
- isolates that are different species (example:
M. tuberculosis and M. avium complex isolated from the
same person)
- isolates of the same species that are from different body
sites (example: isolates of M. avium complex isolated
from the blood and sputum of the same person)
- isolates from the same body site that are identified more
than three months apart. For a single body site, only
one isolate of the same species should be reported per
three month interval (example: when M. avium complex is
isolated from sputum in January and February, only the
January isolate is included; if M. avium complex is
isolated from sputum in January and May, both isolates
are included)
For M. tuberculosis, the same reporting criteria are used.
However, one additional criterion is used:
- isolates from the same body site which change
susceptibility patterns against first line
antituberculosis drugs from sensitive to resistant are
both reported
The PHLIS system uses a computer program to automatically
scan records for potential duplicates based on coded patient
name, age, sex, county of residence, species, and date of
submission. Duplicate records which do not meet the above
criteria are removed from the dataset before tabulations are
performed and data are uploaded to WONDER.
Laboratories often receive minimal or incomplete demographic
and clinical information to accompany specimens or isolates
submitted for processing. Although the module asks laboratories
whether a report represents the first isolation or repeated
isolation of an organism from the patient, usually this
information is unknown. The dataset includes both types of
isolates except when they are removed after fulfilling
duplication criteria. This factor is especially important in
interpreting M. tuberculosis drug susceptibility data.
Not all mycobacteria isolated in a state's clinical
laboratories are forwarded to public health laboratories for
further identification or susceptibility testing. Therefore, in
many states data in PHLIS are likely to provide an incomplete
picture of all mycobacteria in that state, and are likely to
provide an incomplete picture of susceptibility patterns of M.
tuberculosis. The probability that isolates are submitted to the
state lab for further study is likely to vary between states.
Not all states within a geographic region have begun to
participate in PHLIS. Thirty eight state laboratories were using
the Mycobacterium module of the system as of December 1, 1992.
VARIABLES
Mycobacterium species
The following mycobacterium species are included in PHLIS:
M. africanum
M. asiaticum
M. avium complex
M. bovis
M. chelonae
M. flavescens
M. fortuitum
M. gastri
M. gordonae
M. haemophilum
M. kansasii
M. leprae
M. malmoense
M. marinum
M. scrofulaceum
M. shimodei
M. simiae
M. szulgai
M. terrae complex (including M. triviale)
M. tuberculosis
M. ulcerans
M. xenopi
In addition, unspeciated photochromogens, nonphotochromogens,
scotochromogens, rapid growers, and unspeciated isolates can be
separately reported.
Geographic Region
Northeast: Connecticut, Delaware, D.C., Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York City, New York State, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, Vermont
Southeast: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Virgin
Islands, West Virginia
North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,
Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota,
Wisconsin
South Central: Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri,
Oklahoma, Texas
Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming
Pacific: Alaska, American Samoa, California, Guam,
Hawaii, Northern Marianas, Oregon, Washington
Drug Susceptibilities of M. tuberculosis isolates
Results are recorded as:
Sensitive
Resistant
Not tested
Unknown
Susceptibilities are listed for the following agents:
Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin (RIF)
Ethambutol (ETH)
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
Streptomycin (STR)
Table 1 (Mycobacterial species)
November 1992 - April 1993
Table 1
Cumulative total of Mycobacterial species identified in state public health
laboratories by geographic region from November 30, 1992 - April 30, 1993
Region
Species NE SE NC SC MT PC Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.avium \ 648 \ 848 \ 644 \ 802 \135 \ 241 \3318
\19.5% \25.6% \19.4% \24.2% \4.1% \ 7.3% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.chelonae \ 30 \ 76 \ 63 \ 92 \ 8 \ 18 \ 287
\10.5% \26.5% \22.0% \32.1% \2.8% \ 6.3% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.fortuitum \ 28 \ 119 \ 98 \ 148 \ 7 \ 30 \ 430
\ 6.5% \27.7% \22.8% \34.4% \1.6% \ 7.0% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.gordonae \ 170 \ 384 \ 497 \ 294 \ 64 \ 147 \1556
\10.9% \24.4% \31.9% \18.9% \4.1% \ 9.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.kansasii \ 34 \ 53 \ 44 \ 138 \ 10 \ 4 \ 283
\12.0% \18.7% \25.5% \48.8% \3.5% \ 1.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.marinum \ 12 \ 6 \ 18 \ 19 \ 3 \ 1 \ 59
\20.3% \10.2% \30.5% \32.2% \5.1% \ 1.7% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.scrofulaceum \ 6 \ 42 \ 4 \ 3 \ 2 \ 2 \ 59
\10.2% \71.2% \ 6.8% \ 5.1% \3.4% \ 3.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.terrae \ 11 \ 62 \ 28 \ 37 \ 4 \ 4 \ 146
\ 7.5% \42.5% \19.2% \25.3% \2.7% \ 2.7% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.tuberculosis \ 831 \ 601 \ 346 \ 639 \ 90 \ 443 \2950
\28.2% \20.4% \11.7% \21.7% \3.1% \15.0% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.xenopi \ 26 \ 6 \ 81 \ 16 \ 1 \ 9 \ 139
\18.7% \ 4.3% \58.3% \11.5% \ <1% \ 6.5% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL* \1813 \2231 \1837 \2276 \332 \ 905 \9394
\19.3% \23.7% \19.6% \24.2% \3.5% \ 9.6% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The first line is the total number of isolates of a given species identified
within a region.
The second line is the percent of isolates of a given species identified
within a region (i.e., number of M. avium in Northeast/total number
of M. avium).
Other species:
Northeast: M. bovis/BCG (11), M. simiae (2), M. szulgai (3),
M. vaccae (1);
Southeast: M. asiaticum (1), M. bovis/BCG (1), M. flavescens (13),
M. malmoense (8), M. simiae (3), M. szulgai (8);
North Cent: M. bovis/BCG (2), M. flavescens (7), M. simiae (2),
M. szuglai (3);
South Cent: M. asiaticum (11), M. bovis/BCG (5), M. flavescens (9),
M. malmoense (3), M. simiae (41), M. smegmatis (1),
M. szulgai (14), M. vaccae (4);
Mountain: M. flavescens (5), M. simiae (3);
Pacific: M. bovis/BCG (2), M. flavescens (1), M. malmoense (2),
M. simiae (2).
*Includes all other mycobacterial species and unknowns.
April 1993
Table 1
Cumulative total of Mycobacterial species identified in state public
health laboratories by geographic region through April 30, 1993
Region
Species NE SE NC SC MT PC Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.avium \1361 \2678 \1957 \1421 \ 220 \ 407 \ 8035
\16.9% \33.3% \24.4% \17.6% \ 2.7% \ 5.1% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.chelonae \ 49 \ 245 \ 230 \ 185 \ 11 \ 22 \ 742
\ 6.6% \33.0% \31.0% \24.9% \ 1.5% \ 3.0% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.fortuitum \ 83 \ 477 \ 292 \ 263 \ 13 \ 35 \ 1163
\ 7.1% \41.0% \25.1% \22.6% \ 1.1% \ 3.0% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.gordonae \ 415 \1248 \1584 \ 557 \ 112 \ 213 \ 4129
\10.0% \30.2% \38.4% \13.5% \ 2.7% \ 5.2% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.kansasii \ 101 \ 167 \ 192 \ 214 \ 16 \ 4 \ 694
\14.6% \24.1% \27.7% \30.8% \ 2.3% \ <1% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.marinum \ 37 \ 19 \ 55 \ 22 \ 4 \ 4 \ 141
\26.2% \13.5% \39.0% \15.6% \ 2.8% \ 2.8% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.scrofulaceum \ 12 \ 84 \ 23 \ 14 \ 3 \ 6 \ 142
\ 8.5% \59.2% \16.2% \ 9.9% \ 2.1% \ 4.2% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.terrae \ 22 \ 138 \ 102 \ 86 \ 5 \ 5 \ 358
\ 6.1% \38.5% \28.5% \24.0% \ 1.4% \ 1.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.tuberculosis \1299 \2299 \1504 \1669 \ 213 \ 603 \ 7587
\17.1% \30.3% \19.8% \22.0% \ 2.8% \ 7.9% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.xenopi \ 48 \ 23 \ 152 \ 23 \ 2 \ 9 \ 257
\18.7% \ 8.9% \59.1% \ 8.9% \ <1% \ 3.5% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL* \3449 \7528 \6138 \4546 \ 611 \1317 \23589
\14.6% \31.9% \26.0% \19.3% \ 2.6% \ 5.6% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The first line is the total number of isolates of a given species identified
within a region.
The second line is the percent of isolates of a given species identified
within a region (i.e., number of M. avium in Northeast/total number of M.
avium).
Other species:
Northeast: M.bovis/BCG (13), M.flavescens (1), M.simiae (2),
M.szulgai (5), M.vaccae (1);
Southeast: M.asiaticum (9), M.bovis/BCG (2), M.flavescens (54),
M.gastri (2), M.malmoense (54), M.simiae (7), M.szulgai (22);
North Cent: M.bovis/BCG (7), M.flavescens (21), M.gastri (1),
M.haemophilum (5), M.simiae (8), M.szuglai (5);
South Cent: M.asiaticum (15), M.bovis/BCG (6), M.flavescens (11),
M.malmoense (3), M.simiae (42), M.smegmatis (1),
M.szulgai (19), M.vaccae (4);
Mountain: M.flavescens (8), M.simiae (3), M.szulgai (1);
Pacific: M.bovis/BCG (2), M.flavescens (2), M.malmoense (1),
M.simiae (3), M.szulgai (1).
*Includes all other mycobacterial species and unknowns.
December 1993
Table 1
Cumulative total of Mycobacterial species identified in state public
health laboratories by geographic region through December 31, 1993
Region
Species NE SE NC SC MT PC Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.avium \2215 \5517 \2904 \2739 \644 \ 739 \14758
\15.0% \37.4% \19.7% \18.6% \ 4.4% \ 5.0% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.chelonae \ 80 \ 461 \ 389 \ 360 \ 31 \ 60 \ 1381
\ 5.8% \33.4% \28.2% \26.1% \ 2.2% \ 4.3% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.fortuitum \ 152 \ 928 \ 420 \ 459 \ 58 \ 97 \ 2114
\ 7.2% \43.9% \19.9% \ 21.7% \ 2.7% \ 4.6% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.gordonae \ 750 \2803 \2350 \1131 \ 309 \ 379 \ 7722
\ 9.7% \36.3% \30.4% \14.7% \ 4.0% \ 4.9% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.kansasii \ 189 \ 290 \ 283 \ 384 \ 47 \ 18 \ 1211
\15.6% \24.0% \23.4% \31.7% \ 3.9% \ 1.5% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.marinum \ 55 \ 60 \ 79 \ 35 \ 10 \ 7 \ 246
\22.4% \24.4% \32.1% \14.2% \ 4.1% \ 2.9% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.scrofulaceum \ 21 \ 201 \ 34 \ 30 \ 19 \ 15 \ 320
\ 6.6% \62.8% \10.6% \ 9.4% \ 5.9% \ 4.7% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.terrae \ 37 \ 352 \ 149 \ 163 \ 16 \ 17 \ 734
\ 5.0% \48.0% \20.3% \22.2% \ 2.2% \ 2.3% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.tuberculosis \2524 \4782 \2383 \2675 \ 596 \1497 \14457
\17.5% \33.1% \16.5% \18.5% \ 4.1% \10.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.xenopi \ 68 \ 40 \ 278 \ 38 \ 12 \ 16 \ 452
\15.0% \ 8.9% \61.5% \ 8.4% \ 2.7% \ 3.5% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL* \6216 \16068 \9476 \8421 \1872 \2998 \45051
\13.8% \35.7% \21.0% \18.7% \ 4.1% \ 6.7% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The first line is the total number of isolates of a given species
identified within a region. The second line is the percent of isolates
of a given species identified within a region (i.e, number of M. avium in
Northeast/total number of M. avium). *Includes all other mycobacterial
species and unknowns.
Other less commonly reported mycobacterial species:
Northeast: M.bovis/BCG (14), M.flavescens (3), M.malmoense (1), M.simiae
(7), M.szulgai (7), M.vaccae (3);
Southeast: M.africanum (2), M. asiaticum (15), M.bovis/BCG (5),
M.flavescens (111), M.gastri (2), M.haemophilum (13),
M.malmoense (74), M.simia (15), M.smegmatis (1),
M.szulgai (35);
North Cent: M.bovis/BCG (13), M.flavescens (32), M.gastri (2),
M.haemophilum (5), M.simiae (10), M.smegmatis (2),
M.szuglai (16);
South Cent: M.asiaticum (18), M.bovis/BCG (12), M.flavescens (13),
M.gastri (1), M.malmoense (6), M.simiae (49),
M.smegmatis (3), M.szulgai (24), M.vaccae (4);
Mountain: M.bovis/BCG (4), M.flavescens (26), M.haemophilum (1),
M.simiae (72), M.smegmatis (1), M.szulgai (5);
Pacific: M.bovis/BCG (8), M.flavescens (50), M.gastri (1),
M.malmoense (2), M.simiae (10), M.szulgai (4).
July 1993 - December 1993
Table 1
Cumulative total of Mycobacterial species identified in state public health
laboratories by geographic region from July 1, 1993 - December 31, 1993
Region
Species NE SE NC SC MT PC Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.avium \ 649 \1999 \ 770 \1266 \ 346 \ 239 \5269
\12.3% \37.9% \14.6% \24.0% \ 6.6% \ 4.5% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.chelonae \ 21 \ 153 \ 115 \ 163 \ 15 \ 26 \ 493
\ 4.3% \31.0% \23.3% \33.1% \ 3.0% \ 5.3% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.fortuitum \ 58 \ 344 \ 105 \ 179 \ 35 \ 49 \ 770
\ 7.5% \44.7% \13.6% \23.2% \ 4.5% \ 6.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.gordonae \ 246 \1219 \ 598 \ 490 \ 149 \ 107 \2809
\ 8.8% \43.4% \21.3% \17.4% \ 5.3% \ 3.8% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.kansasii \ 71 \ 94 \ 69 \ 170 \ 25 \ 9 \ 438
\16.2% \21.5% \15.8% \38.8% \ 5.7% \ 2.1% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.marinum \ 12 \ 31 \ 10 \ 10 \ 5 \ 1 \ 69
\17.4% \44.9% \14.5% \14.5% \ 7.2% \ 1.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.scrofulaceum \ 5 \ 82 \ 11 \ 13 \ 10 \ 8 \ 129
\3.9% \63.6% \ 8.5% \10.1% \ 7.8% \ 6.2% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.terrae \ 10 \ 152 \ 39 \ 68 \ 9 \ 11 \ 289
\ 3.5% \52.6% \13.5% \23.5% \ 3.1% \ 3.8% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.tuberculosis \ 953 \2309 \ 721 \ 968 \ 343 \ 722 \6016
\15.8% \38.4% \12.0% \16.1% \ 5.7% \12.0% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.xenopi \ 14 \ 16 \ 96 \ 12 \ 10 \ 6 \ 154
\ 9.1% \10.4% \62.3% \ 7.8% \ 6.5% \ 3.9% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL* \2070 \6648 \2600 \ 3440 \1031 \1275 \17064
\12.1% \39.0% \15.2% \20.2% \ 6.0% \ 7.5% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The first line is the total number of isolates of a given species identified
within a region. The second line is the percent of isolates of a given
species identified within a region (i.e., number of M. avium in
Northeast/total number of M. avium).
*Includes all other mycobacterial species and unknowns.
Other species:
Northeast: M.bovis/BCG (1), M.simiae (2), M.szulgai (1), M.vaccae (1);
Southeast: M.africanum (1), M.asiaticum (4), M.bovis/BCG (3),
M.flavescens (33), M.haemophilum (8), M.malmoense (14),
M.simiae (7), M.smegmatis (1), M.szulgai (10);
North Cent: M.bovis/BCG (6), M.flavescens (11), M.gastri (1),
M.simiae (2), M.smegmatis (1), M.szuglai (10);
South Cent: M.asiaticum (2), M.bovis/BCG (6), M.flavescens (2),
M.gastri (1), M.malmoense (3), M.simiae (7), M.smegmatis (2),
M.szulgai (6);
Mountain: M.bovis/BCG (3), M.flavescens (16), M.simiae (46);
M.smegmatis (1), M.szulgai (3);
Pacific: M.bovis/BCG (5), M.flavescens (47), M.gastri (1),
M.simiae (6), M.szulgai (2);
March 31, 1994
Table 1
Cumulative total of Mycobacterial species identified in state public
health laboratories by geographic region through March 31, 1994
Region
Species NE SE NC SC MT PC Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.avium \2523 \6646 \3261 \3886 \ 635 \1078 \18029
\14.0% \36.9% \18.1% \21.6% \ 3.5% \ 6.0% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.chelonae \ 93 \ 618 \ 468 \ 524 \ 37 \ 94 \ 1834
\ 5.1% \33.7% \25.5% \28.6% \ 2.0% \ 5.1% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.fortuitum \ 169 \1087 \ 476 \ 731 \ 58 \ 168 \ 2689
\ 6.3% \40.4% \17.7% \27.2% \ 2.2% \ 6.2% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.gordonae \ 884 \3409 \2684 \1667 \ 306 \ 561 \ 9511
\ 9.3% \35.8% \28.2% \17.5% \ 3.2% \ 5.9% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.kansasii \ 218 \ 351 \ 330 \ 586 \ 62 \ 23 \ 1570
\13.9% \22.4% \21.0% \37.3% \ 3.9% \ 1.5% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.marinum \ 63 \ 82 \ 89 \ 48 \ 11 \ 8 \ 301
\20.9% \27.2% \30.0% \15.9% \ 3.7% \ 2.7% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.scrofulaceum \ 26 \ 221 \ 42 \ 37 \ 19 \ 21 \ 366
\ 7.1% \60.4% \11.5% \10.1% \ 5.2% \ 5.7% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.terrae \ 44 \ 450 \ 175 \ 195 \ 12 \ 35 \ 911
\ 4.8% \49.4% \19.2% \21.4% \ 1.3% \ 3.8% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.tuberculosis \2765 \5681 \2731 \3920 \ 627 \2031 \17755
\15.6% \32.0% \15.4% \22.1% \ 3.5% \11.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.xenopi \ 75 \ 57 \ 318 \ 56 \ 9 \ 34 \ 549
\13.7% \10.4% \57.9% \10.2% \ 1.6% \ 6.2% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL* \6958 \19127 \10749 \12547 \1883 \4266 \55530
\12.5% \34.4% \19.4% \22.6% \ 3.4% \ 7.7% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The first line is the total number of isolates of a given species
identified within a region. The second line is the percent of isolates of
a given species identified within a region (i.e., number of M. avium in
Northeast/total number of M. avium). *Includes all other mycobacterial
species and unknowns.
Other less commonly reported mycobacterial species:
Northeast: M.bovis/BCG (17), M.flavescens (3), M.malmoense (1),
M.simiae (7), M.szulgai (8), M.vaccae (3);
Southeast: M.africanum (3), M. asiaticum (16), M.bovis/BCG (8),
M.flavescens (126), M.gastri (2), M.haemophilum (13),
M.malmoense (77), M.simiae (15), M.smegmatis (1), M.szulgai
(45);
North Cent: M.bovis/BCG (15), M.flavescens (36), M.gastri (2),
M.haemophilum (5), M.simiae (11), M.smegmatis (2),
M.szuglai (21), M.vaccae (1);
South Cent: M.asiaticum (26), M.bovis/BCG (20), M.flavescens (25),
M.gastri (1), M.haemophilum (1), M.malmoense (12), M.simiae
(132), M.smegmatis (4), M.szulgai (35), M.vaccae (18);
Mountain: M.asiaticum (1), M.bovis/BCG (4), M.flavescens (32),
M.haemophilum (3), M.simiae (47), M.smegmatis (1),
M.szulgai (6);
Pacific: M.bovis/BCG (10), M.flavescens (93), M.gastri (1),
M.malmoense (2), M.simiae (19), M.szulgai (7).
October 1, 1993 - March 31, 1994
Table 1
Cumulative total of Mycobacterial species identified in state public health
laboratories by geographic region from October 1, 1993 - March 31, 1994
Region
Species NE SE NC SC MT PC Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.avium \ 701 \1991 \ 772 \1427 \ 264 \ 407 \5562
\12.6% \35.8% \13.9% \25.7% \ 4.7% \ 7.3% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.chelonae \ 25 \ 165 \ 121 \ 219 \ 18 \ 38 \ 586
\ 4.3% \28.2% \20.6% \37.4% \ 3.1% \ 6.5% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.fortuitum \ 57 \ 308 \ 109 \ 316 \ 27 \ 74 \ 891
\ 6.4% \34.5% \12.2% \35.5% \ 3.0% \ 8.3% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.gordonae \ 287 \1059 \ 665 \ 684 \ 120 \ 215 \3030
\ 9.5% \35.0% \21.9% \22.6% \ 4.0% \ 7.1% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.kansasii \ 75 \ 109 \ 88 \ 235 \ 34 \ 7 \ 548
\13.7% \19.9% \16.1% \42.9% \ 6.2% \ 1.3% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.marinum \ 12 \ 41 \ 14 \ 14 \ 6 \ 1 \ 88
\13.6% \46.6% \15.9% \15.9% \ 6.8% \ 1.1% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.scrofulaceum \ 8 \ 46 \ 16 \ 11 \ 6 \ 7 \ 94
\ 8.5% \48.9% \17.0% \11.7% \ 6.4% \ 7.4% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.terrae \ 13 \ 167 \ 40 \ 57 \ 4 \ 20 \ 301
\ 4.3% \55.5% \13.3% \18.9% \ 1.3% \ 6.6% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.tuberculosis \ 756 \1922 \ 752 \1502 \ 283 \ 898 \6113
\12.4% \31.4% \12.3% \24.6% \ 4.6% \14.7% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.xenopi \ 15 \ 25 \ 87 \ 20 \ 5 \ 18 \ 170
\ 8.8% \14.7% \51.2% \11.8% \ 2.9% \10.6% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL* \1974 \5973 \2725 \5048 \ 813 \1788 \18321
\10.8% \32.6% \14.9% \27.6% \ 4.4% \ 9.8% \
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The first line is the total number of isolates of a given species identified
within a region.
The second line is the percent of isolates of a given species identified
within a region (i.e., number of M. avium in Northeast/total number
of M. avium).
*Includes all other mycobacterial species and unknowns.
Other species:
Northeast: M.bovis/BCG (5), M.szulgai (1);
Southeast: M.africanum (1), M.asiaticum (5), M.bovis/BCG (3),
M.flavescens (21), M.malmoense (9), M.simiae (4), M.szulgai
(14);
North Cent: M.bovis/BCG (8), M.flavescens (9), M.gastri (1), M.simiae
(2), M.smegmatis (1), M.szuglai (10), M.vaccae (1);
South Cent: M.asiaticum (9), M.bovis/BCG (11), M.flavescens (13),
M.haemophilum (1), M.malmoense (9), M.simiae (84),
M.smegmatis (1), M.szulgai (12), M.vaccae (14);
Mountain: M.asiaticum (1), M.bovis/BCG (1), M.flavescens (15),
M.haemophilum (2), M.simiae (16); M.smegmatis (1), M.szulgai
(3);
Pacific: M.bovis/BCG (2), M.flavescens (54), M.simiae (10), M.szulgai
(4);
Table 2 (M. tuberculosis Drug Susceptibilities)
November 1992 - April 1993
M. tuberculosis Drug Susceptibilities
Public Health Laboratory Information System
Cumulative total from November 30, 1992 - April 30, 1993
INH RIF ETH PZA STR
Region T %R T %R T %R T %R T %R
NE 559 10.9 559 5.7 544 1.1 319 2.8 559 7.0
SE 217 7.4 218 2.8 218 1.4 2 0 217 3.7
NC 259 10.8 259 4.2 259 1.9 11 18.2 257 3.5
SC 548 9.9 547 7.5 548 4.0 141 7.8 547 10.8
MT 73 15.1 73 9.6 73 4.1 15 0 73 6.8
PC 368 12.5 369 4.9 366 3.6 42 2.4 354 8.8
TOT 2024 10.7 2025 5.7 2008 2.6 530 4.3 2007 7.5
Number of strains INH and RIF resistant:
Northeast 22
Southeast 6
North Central 9
South Central 31
Mountain 6
Pacific 17
Total 91
T = Number tested
%R = Percent of tested strains found to be resistant
INH = Isoniazid
RIF = Rifampin
ETH = Ethambutol
PZA = Pyrazinamide
STR = Streptomycin
April 1993
Table 2
M. tuberculosis Drug Susceptibilities
Public Health Laboratory Information System
Cumulative total through April 30, 1993
INH RIF ETH PZA STR
Region T %R T %R T %R T %R T %R
NE 952 10.4 949 5.5 935 1.0 479 3.1 952 5.6
SE 1371 10.0 1371 5.1 1371 1.2 236 3.0 1370 3.6
NC 1222 8.9 1203 5.7 1198 2.8 28 10.7 1201 5.2
SC 1466 10.9 1465 7.0 1465 3.8 462 6.7 1464 9.9
MT 178 12.4 178 4.5 178 1.7 54 5.6 178 5.6
PC 510 12.0 511 4.7 508 3.9 85 1.2 470 8.3
TOT 5699 10.1 5677 5.7 5655 2.5 1344 4.5 5635 6.4
Number of strains INH and RIF resistant:
Northeast 41
Southeast 59
North Central 44
South Central 86
Mountain 7
Pacific 23
Total 260
T = Number tested
%R = Percent of tested strains found to be resistant
INH = Isoniazid
RIF = Rifampin
ETH = Ethambutol
PZA = Pyrazinamide
STR = Streptomycin
December 1993
Table 2
M. tuberculosis Drug Susceptibilities
Public Health Laboratory Information System
Cumulative total through December 31, 1993
INH RIF ETH PZA STR
Region T %R T %R T %R T %R TT %R
NE 2008 11.2% 2011 5.9% 1983 1.0% 1023 3.8% 2011 5.2%
SE 3395 7.4% 3394 3.6% 3394 1.0% 1390 1.5% 3393 3.4%
NC 1965 8.3% 1946 5.1% 1935 2.5% 43 14.0% 1940 4.9%
SC 2315 9.0% 2312 5.7% 2310 2.9% 748 5.2% 2312 7.1%
MT 517 11.0% 517 4.8% 517 0.6% 237 0.8% 517 7.0%
PC 1291 12.7% 1291 4.8% 1287 3.0% 420 2.4% 1219 8.5%
TOTAL 11491 9.3% 11471 4.9% 11426 1.8% 3861 3.0% 11392 5.5%
Number of strains INH and RIF resistant:
Northeast 97
Southeast 91
North Central 67
South Central 111
Mountain 22
Pacific 49
Total 437
T = Number tested
%R = Percent of tested strains found to be resistant
INH = Isoniazid
RIF = Rifampin
ETH = Ethambutol
PZA = Pyrazinamide
STR = Streptomycin
July 1993 - December 1993
Table 2
M. tuberculosis Drug Susceptibilities
Public Health Laboratory Information System
Cumulative total from July 1, 1993 - December 31, 1993
INH RIF ETH PZA STR
Region T %R T %R T %R T %R TT %R
NE 849 12.4% 854 6.3% 839 1.2% 449 4.7% 853 5.2%
SE 1696 6.3% 1699 3.2% 1698 0.8% 1129 1.3% 1698 3.2%
NC 614 7.3% 614 5.0% 609 2.1% 15 20.0% 609 5.1%
SC 814 7.7% 812 3.8% 810 1.4% 279 3.2% 813 2.5%
MT 298 10.1% 298 5.0% 298 0.0% 171 0.0% 298 6.7%
PC 624 13.8% 623 5.9% 622 2.4% 289 3.1% 594 8.9%
TOTAL 4895 8.9% 4900 4.6% 4876 1.3% 2332 2.4% 4865 4.6%
Number of strains INH and RIF resistant:
Northeast 45
Southeast 35
North Central 21
South Central 26
Mountain 13
Pacific 24
Total 164
T = Number tested
%R = Percent of tested strains found to be resistant
INH = Isoniazid
RIF = Rifampin
ETH = Ethambutol
PZA = Pyrazinamide
STR = Streptomycin
March 31, 1994
M. tuberculosis Drug Susceptibilities
Public Health Laboratory Information System
Cumulative total through March 31, 1994
INH RIF ETH PZA STR
Region T %R T %R T %R T %R T %R
NE 2225 11.8% 2228 6.3% 2201 1.1% 1137 4.1% 2228 5.3%
SE 4119 7.2% 4120 3.6% 4120 1.1% 1654 1.6% 4118 3.4%
NC 2267 8.7% 2248 5.2% 2231 2.6% 69 11.6% 2237 5.4%
SC 3506 10.0% 3500 6.6% 3492 2.7% 954 5.5% 2837 9.4%
MT 535 12.1% 535 5.8% 535 1.1% 213 0.9% 535 7.5%
PC 1792 12.3% 1792 4.6% 1788 3.1% 701 2.6% 1709 9.2%
TOTAL 14444 9.7% 14423 5.2% 14367 2.0% 4728 3.2% 13664 6.2%
Number of strains INH and RIF resistant:
Northeast 117
Southeast 115
North Central 76
South Central 182
Mountain 28
Pacific 62
Total 580
T = Number tested
%R = Percent of tested strains found to be resistant
INH = Isoniazid
RIF = Rifampin
ETH = Ethambutol
PZA = Pyrazinamide
STR = Streptomycin
October 1, 1993 - March 31, 1994
Table 2
M. tuberculosis Drug Susceptibilities
Public Health Laboratory Information System
Cumulative total from October 1, 1993 - March 31, 1994
INH RIF ETH PZA STR
Region T %R T %R T %R T %R T %R
NE 648 16.7% 652 10.0% 649 1.8% 339 7.7% 652 6.0%
SE 1382 6.2% 1384 3.5% 1382 1.4% 669 1.9% 1383 3.2%
NC 656 9.9% 656 5.5% 647 3.1% 34 8.8% 647 7.0%
SC 1399 11.6% 1396 8.0% 1390 2.3% 302 4.6% 733 15.3%
MT 235 11.1% 235 6.0% 235 1.3% 123 0.0% 235 5.5%
PC 809 12.7% 808 5.2% 808 2.8% 335 2.7% 780 9.0%
TOTAL 5129 10.7% 5131 6.2% 5111 2.2% 1802 3.6% 4430 7.3%
Number of strains INH and RIF resistant:
Northeast 59
Southeast 37
North Central 24
South Central 82
Mountain 13
Pacific 24
Total 239
T = Number tested
%R = Percent of tested strains found to be resistant
INH = Isoniazid
RIF = Rifampin
ETH = Ethambutol
PZA = Pyrazinamide
STR = Streptomycin
