Overall, the focus of the Office of Human Services Policy (HSP) FY 2002 Research and Evaluation agenda is to cover a wide range of research on families and children. This agenda provides an integrated picture of the low-income population, including analyses of the economic condition, health and well-being, socio-demographic characteristics, and the social service needs of low-income individuals, families, and children. Our policy interests cover a broad spectrum, including welfare outcomes, working families, supports for low-income populations, the hard to serve and special populations, and children and youth programs and policies.
Efforts were made throughout the planning process to ensure that, to the fullest extent possible, our research agenda complements and enhances other research activities, both within and outside the federal government, and avoids unnecessary duplication. To that end, we paid careful attention to identifying ongoing research, evaluation, and data activities which could be enhanced or modified and identifying activities being funded or planned by other entities that could provide joint-funding opportunities.
For presentation on the web, our FY 2002 research agenda is organized into six broad areas:
This project examines wage progression among low-wage workers by tracking the dynamics of low-wage employment over a four-year period from 1996 to 1999 using the newly released 1996 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Given the strong work-focus of TANF and time limits on the receipt of federal TANF assistance, policy makers are interested in understanding the potential for advancement in the labor market among low-wage workers. Do individuals in low-wage jobs have opportunities to progress economically? What helps low-wage workers advance? Do low-wage workers need to change jobs and/or employers to make wage gains? Do individuals need to take on multiple jobs to make significant economic gains? While past research has examined the dynamics of low-wage employment, wage progression, and unemployment in the 1980s, the same in-depth research has not been conducted after the passage of PRWORA. The upcoming public release of the full longitudinal 1996 SIPP panel offers a valuable, rich data resource for examining these critical wage and labor market issues in the mid to late 1990s.
In FY 2002, ASPE awarded grants for a national poverty center and three area poverty centers to support continued research and evaluation of important and emerging social policy issues associated with the nature, causes, correlates, and effects of income dynamics, poverty, individual and family functioning and child well-being. The grantee for the national center is the University of Michigan. The three grantees for the area centers are the University of Wisconsin at Madison, the University of Kentucky, and the University of Missouri. For more information, see the Overview.
[ Go to Major Areas ]
HSP has a strong interest in understanding the effects of welfare reform within the context of the devolution of responsibility for major social programs from the federal government to the states. Questions about the implementation and outcomes of welfare reform are legion and encompass a broad range of interests and perspectives. The continued infusion of Policy Research funding dedicated to studying welfare outcomes has been and continues to be invaluable to our efforts to add to and enhance the information available to the Department, Congress, and other interested parties in upcoming debates about future directions for welfare reform.
This project has two purposes: to examine the implementation of Charitable Choice (CC) provisions of the 1996 welfare reform law and subsequent community services and public health laws at the state and local levels, and to provide ongoing support to the HHS Center for Faith-Based and Community Initiatives (CFBCI). Recent studies have identified considerable variation in state and local government officials' understanding and implementation of CC, but this effort will be the first examination of the ways in which CC has affected social service procurement policies, practices, and decisions at these levels. Under the first component of the project, we will survey all the states to determine the ways in which state and local contracting officials are interpreting and implementing CC, under TANF and SAPT (Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment) programs. In particular, the project will focus on those government officials — typically staff in state and local contracts offices — who serve as gatekeepers in the award and management of contracts and grants. The study also will examine those states that have appointed faith community liaisons to oversee efforts to reach out to faith-based organizations and encourage them to enter into financial and other types of collaborations with the state. The second part of the project will provide ad hoc research and project support to the CFBCI in its mission to create an environment in HHS that welcomes faith-based organizations as partners in assisting Americans in need. The contractor team will provide ongoing support for 5-10 products or projects for the CFBCI.
This project examines how child support status (i.e., paternity established, order established, receipt of child support) interacts with TANF exit or reentry and self-sufficiency, as well as how different child support and TANF policies may affect this relationship. Child support is an important component of family self-sufficiency, and therefore increased knowledge about the interaction between child support and TANF could be used to increase self-sufficiency for families served by these two programs. Research questions will be answered based on analysis of national survey data and state level experimental data. MDRC and Lewin Group are the contractors.
ASPE and ACF support the maintenance and continued development of the database of the Research Forum on Children, Families, and The New Federalism, hosted at the National Center for Children in Poverty. This database contains information on the large number of research projects on welfare reform, children and families. This will help ensure that researchers are aware of existing projects, and that new efforts are non-duplicative.
State and local agencies are making substantial investments through TANF and other sources to help low-income families with demonstrated difficulty entering and sustaining employment. A significant amount of activity and a variety of approaches are being used to help low-income parents address or cope with the personal and family problems that interfere with their employment stability. Under this project, ACF, ASPE, and the Department of Labor are supporting a multi-site evaluation of programs working with hard-to-employ low-income parents to identify effective strategies for promoting employment and family well-being and to determine the effects of such programs on employment, earnings, income, welfare dependence, family functioning, and the well-being of children. The Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation (MDRC) was chosen as the contractor to design and conduct a multi-site evaluation that studies the implementation issues, net impact, and benefit-costs of selected programs.
This project is will examine the effects of fiscal capacity on state spending choices on programs to support low-income populations. Although research has been conducted in the area of state fiscal capacity, little is currently known about how fiscal capacity directly affects the spending choices of state budget officials regarding social welfare programs. The project will include a two-part study of state spending on social services. The first part will use existing data sources to build a multivariate, fifty-state model. This model will examine social welfare spending choices made by states at different points in time. The second part will include site visits to a half-dozen of the poorest states to develop a more detailed analysis of the spending decisions across social welfare programs.
This project will analyze job retention and wage advancement among low-wage workers and former welfare recipients, focusing on the role played by worker characteristics, firm characteristics, and issues of location. With the tremendous success achieved by welfare reform in moving large numbers of former recipients into jobs, the ability of these workers to move ahead in these jobs and achieve self-sufficiency is now a key concern. To understand better the factors that promote or hinder job retention and wage advancement, we need up-to-date data that capture recent developments in labor markets, that describe not only the characteristics of the worker but also the firm, that can track worker outcomes longitudinally over time, and that contain a large sample that is broadly representative. No single, national survey data set combines all these attributes, so this project will use a new and unique administrative data base, the Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics (LEHD) data. The LEHD data contain administrative records on both workers and firms. Identification numbers in the UI wage records are used to link workers to firms and track them over time. The files currently contain data from the early 1990s through 2001 for 20 states and roughly 65 percent of the U.S. labor market. This project will produce a report showing the role of worker and firm characteristics in job retention and wage advancement, the importance of location, how these outcomes differ for former welfare recipients compared to other low-wage workers, and how these outcomes have changed following recent changes in the labor market.
This study focuses on the subgroup of TANF families who exit and re-enter welfare, particularly those who return for multiple times. It builds on past ASPE-funded studies of welfare leavers and welfare applicants that found that many leavers re-enter welfare, and similarly, that many applicants have prior welfare history. This study also builds on a National Academy of Sciences' study that recommended that HHS conduct research focused on caseload dynamics and particular TANF subgroups including former recipients who return to TANF. Using administrative and survey data from multiple welfare program evaluations and from the project on Devolution and Urban Change, this study addresses research questions about cyclers in two main areas: (1) What are their demographic characteristics and employment outcomes, as compared with other comparison groups of welfare recipients? and (2) How have patterns of benefit receipt and the phenomenon of cycling changed since PRWORA?
This project examines variations in sanction policies, practices and outcomes. Previous studies have found wide variation in sanctioning rates across sites (e.g. Urban Change) and even across offices within a single city (e.g. Legislative Audit Bureau study of W-2 in Milwaukee). The study looks at outcomes for sanctioned families, including welfare exits and re-entries and participation in work activities. This project, conducted by Mathematica Policy Research, draws largely on administrative data, as supplemented by site visits to improve our understanding of how sanctions are implemented. Sites will be selected both to maximize variation and to leverage the contractor's previous knowledge of sites and experience with the administrative data sets. As part of this project, MPR conducted a review of the existing literature on TANF sanctions, including tables describing state policy choice (See Review).
This project explores the capacity of one-stops to serve TANF and other low-income populations and identifies successful approaches to program coordination to help inform the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) reauthorization debate in Spring 2003. The WIA one-stop system is likely to become the nexus of support for ever larger numbers of low-income and low-skilled people seeking employment and employment-related services. DOL Welfare-to-Work grant activities are winding down, possibly further increasing pressure on one-stops to fill the gap in serving the hardest-to-employ. Anecdotal evidence indicates that some employers may be reluctant to participate in one-stops that serve a largely low-income or welfare client base and that some one-stops are hesitant to take on special-needs clients such as those with substance abuse histories or learning disabilities. This project, conducted by Abt Associates, involves a literature review and intensive visits to seven purposively selected sites to identify challenges and successes in serving these vulnerable groups through one-stop centers designed to serve people at all income and skill levels.
This project will utilize five, Federally-administrated databases to assess outcomes for former TANF recipients. The project will assess six outcomes: four are related to employment: job entry, earnings, earnings gains, and job retention. By linking various databases: ACF's TANF Database of closed TANF cases, New Hire Database (NDNH), Quarterly Earnings Database, and possibly the Child Support Case Registry Database this project will provide state-by-state estimates of important welfare outcomes.
This five-year project (which is primarily foundation-funded) is a multi-disciplinary study by the Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation (MDRC) of the implementation and impacts of welfare reform and welfare-to-work programs on low-income individuals, families and communities in four large urban areas: Cleveland, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Miami. Other Federal partners include HHS' Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and the Economic Research Service at USDA. The project brings together data from an unusually wide array of sources: longitudinal administrative data for all families receiving AFDC/TANF or Food Stamps dating back to 1992, survey data, an implementation study, neighborhood indicators, an institutional study focusing on local service providers, and an ethnographic study of a limited number of families. The most recent publication from this project [posted on the MDRC web site] is an in-depth look at the implementation and effects of welfare reform in Cleveland, drawing on data from all the components of the project. Other publications from the study are available at MDRC's web site: Project on Devolution and Urban Change.
[ Go to Major Areas ]
Our strategy in the children and youth area focuses on early childhood, youth, and children's services systems. Policy areas of interest include improving our understanding of early childhood education, promotion of youth development and prevention of teen risk behaviors, and the examination of child protection and child welfare service systems.
This contract will conduct a rigorous evaluation of programs aimed to prevent teen pregnancy through the promotion of abstinence. The project will add to both the current knowledge about the effectiveness of strategies designed to promote abstinence and to the knowledge that will be gained from the existing evaluation of abstinence education programs funded through the state block grant program. Congress earmarked a portion of the Community-Based Abstinence Education grant program funds (up to 2.5 percent of the amount of the FY2001 appropriation and up to 3.5 percent of the FY2002 appropriation) to support comprehensive evaluations, including longitudinal evaluations, of abstinence education.
Child-only cases have continued to grow, reaching 782,000 cases by FY 2002 and representing over a third of the total TANF caseload. These are cases where only the children in a family/household are receiving TANF, and the adults in these cases are ineligible (e.g., caretaker relative, SSI parent, immigrant parent, sanctioned parent). Despite the growing proportion of these cases in the overall TANF caseload, we know very little about these cases, such as whether these cases pose special issues for TANF agencies and whether there are any issues related to the well-being of children in these cases. This study will begin to provide information about the majority of child-only cases where there is no parent in the household and the children are cared for by a relative. The study will: (1) systematically review and analyze existing data and studies to describe the health and social service needs and well-being of children who are receiving TANF assistance and being cared for by non-parent relatives who are ineligible for TANF; (2) describe whether states have established any goals or outcomes related to children in these child-only cases, and if so, what strategies are being employed to achieve those outcomes; and (3) determine how such cases are handled at the local level, and the degree to which the service needs and the well-being of children in these families are taken into account.
This project will result in a report proposing three options for developing estimates of the incidences of runaway, throwaway, homeless, and street experiences among youth, as well as a plan for regularly monitoring incidence trends. The Senate Appropriations Committee as part of the Labor/HHS/Education FY 2002 Appropriations bill expressed its concern that runaway, throwaway, homeless, and street experiences among youth are increasing, and that these problems are not well defined because national statistics on the number, characteristics, and circumstances of this population are not tabulated. The Committee instructed the Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, to prepare and submit by September 30, 2002 a plan for developing these estimates. The contractor, RTI, will provide background information on the methodological issues related to developing the estimates and then propose three different options differentiated by cost and complexity.
[ Go to Major Areas ]
Our strategy in the family formation area is to increase our focus on understanding family structure and functioning, particularly family composition and poverty and health insurance status. We are continuing our focus on issues related to fertility, the impact on welfare reform on marriage and the living arrangements of children, and how parents are fulfilling their economic and emotional responsibilities to their families.
The Partners for Fragile Families (PFF) demonstrations are designed to help fragile families (young unwed parents and their children) by helping fathers work with mothers in sharing the legal, financial, and emotional responsibilities of parenthood. In March 2000, the Department approved ten state waivers for the PFF demonstration projects. The PFF projects will test new ways for state-run child support enforcement programs and community-based organizations to work together to help young fathers obtain employment, make child support payments and learn parenting skills; and to help parents build stronger partnerships. Unlike previous efforts which have focused on fathers with unpaid child support obligations, the PFF projects will test approaches to serving young, never-married, non-custodial parents who do not have a child support order in place and may face obstacles to employment. The five-year evaluation, conducted by The Urban Institute, has three broad purposes: to increase knowledge about systems change; to build knowledge about program operations and delivery of services to fragile families; and to describe client behavior. Process and outcome evaluations will be conducted by interviewing all service providers, including child support enforcement, community-based organizations, and partner agencies; and by analyzing client data and follow-up surveys. An ethnographic study will also be conducted. This project is jointly supported by ASPE and the Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE).
The National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) is the most important national survey for understanding issues around fertility and family formation. In the past, the survey has asked questions of a random sample of about 13,000 women ages 15 to 44. In Cycle 6, based on the recommendations of the Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has added direct interviews of 7,000 men to obtain information from them about fertility and family formation similar to what is already asked of women. Cycle 6 is curently in the field and work is now beginning on Cycle 7. The NSFG is the most important ongoing survey we have for policy development in the areas of teen pregnancy prevention, out-of-wedlock childbearing, family formation, welfare, child support and paternity establishment, and father involvement. ASPE is one of several offices to contribute funding to this survey.
This project describes trends in participation of married and two-parent families in TANF and Food Stamps and the factors related to those trends. With growing emphasis on the TANF goals related to promoting health marriage, it is critical to first gain an understanding of existing programs and the role they might play in either supporting or discouraging the formation of such unions. Recent data have shown that participation rates in these programs have typically been lower for two-parent families than single-parent families and that the rates are falling faster. This project will use output from the MATH and TRIM simulation models to examine trends in both eligibility and participation among eligibles for both married parent and all two-parent families. The study will also incorporate regression analysis to examine the likely importance of state-level program rules and economic variables, as well as family and individual characteristics as they influence both eligibility and participation in TANF and Food Stamps.
The Early Head Start (EHS) Research Network, working with ACF and Mathematica Policy Research, is continuing the longitudinal core evaluation of the Early Head Start Program through the preschool school years and is currently developing a funding strategy for continuation through kindergarten and into first grade. NICHD is committed to continuing its ongoing support for the Fathers Studies component of the Early Head Start Evaluation, however, additional dollars will not be available until the start of FY 2002. This project, in concert with ACF/ACYF would provide bridge funding to the Early Head Start Evaluation/Fathers Studies Project to provide resources to maintain contact with the fathers between interviewing cycles and to support the Network in the development of the father interview protocols for fathers of children who are turning five years of age and are entering kindergarten. The Early Head Start Evaluation is measuring both child and program outcomes and is one of the only father-involvement studies that has randomly assigned treatment and control groups. The bridge funding will make it possible for the EHS Research Network to take advantage of the NICHD grant and will keep interview schedules in their appropriate time sequences.
This task order provides logistical support to the government for the development of a research and practice baseline on the effects of incarceration on individuals, their children, families, and communities. Needs of children and families with incarcerated parents will be addressed through continued efforts to strengthen health and human services and criminal justice systems interaction and coordination. This funding also supports HHS' efforts to strengthen cross-program coordination by providing targeted information to program managers about population overlap and program interactions. Finally, ASPE's support will ensure our involvement in the development of a multidiciplinary research agenda around children and families with incarcerated parents. Two separate government efforts will be supported by this logistical contract: The first effort provides support for the Public Health and Housing Work Group of the Council of State Governments' (CSG) Re-entry Policy Council; the second effort supports the development of a research agenda on children and families with incarcerated parents.
ASPE, OCSE, and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) within the Department of Justice are funding a small study to get a preliminary look at child support issues for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated fathers. Under an NIJ contract, Caliber Associates, working with partner agencies in New York City, is examining the effects of incarceration on the ability of child support agencies to establish paternity and child support orders for noncustodial parents during their incarceration and following release and assessing how post-prison employment services might increase payment of child support. Caliber is using a sample of incarcerated offenders released from shock incarceration in upstate New York to a community work program in New York City, the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO). Among the principal research questions to be answered are: What was the impact of incarceration on the child support agency's ability to proceed with actions related to paternity establishment, order establishment, and enforcement?; For those offenders with active orders prior to incarceration, how much debt did the average ex-offender accumulate while incarcerated?; and What payment history does the ex-offender establish following release?
Effecting state systems change for prisoner re-entry through strategic planning and implementation is the objective of this project. Under this project the NGA would select a number of states to receive funding and technical assistance around the development and implementation of a strategic plan for prisoner re-entry. Plans would have to include coordination around health and human services issues for the returning prisoners and their children and families. The National Governor's Association has been involved in ASPE's initial efforts to assess the need for better integration of the health and human services and criminal justice systems. NGA served on the technical review group for the From Prison to Home project, participated in the state symposium, and facilitated a breakout session at the conference. These efforts have increased the attention tht NGA wants to give to children and family issues in their re-entry project, and we want to encourage this broader focus. The NGA project will support 5 to 7 states over two years with funding anticipated from a variety of HHS agencies, as well as other federal agencies and private funders.
[ Go to Major Areas ]
Building and enhancing state and local capacity for data collection and monitoring studies remains integral to HSP's efforts. Our FY 2002 research agenda continues support for state-level data collection efforts, administrative data linking, and the creation of public-use and restricted-access data files. We also continue our efforts to provide technical assistance to improve the quality of research results, ensure more uniformity and comparability across studies, and synthesize results across state and local level monitoring studies.
PRWORA authorized HHS to retain data from the Federal Parent Locator Service (FPLS) for TANF and child support enforcement research purposes. This is a rich source of wage and employment data, but does not include key program participation and demographic variables. The purpose of this project is to insure that all child support administrative data is used to the full extent of its statutory authorization to support child support management information and research uses. Some child support information is already part of a cross-program research initiative to match child support, TANF, and Medicaid data. This project examines how all child support data might be used in conjunction with the research initiative to understand child support performance. The FPLS is primarily a national data system to help States locate non-custodial parents, alleged fathers, and custodial parents so they can establish and enforce child support obligations. PRWORA expanded the data available in this system to include information on child support cases and wage and employment data on nearly all workers. The law also authorized HHS to retain samples of this data and use them for research likely to contribute to achieving the purposes of TANF or Child Support Enforcement. Conference Committee language from the FY 2002 Appropriation for the Department of Health and Human Services recommends that Welfare Reform Outcomes funds be used in part for the collection and use of “data administratively linking that National Database of New Hires (which is part of the FPLS), other child support enforcement data, TANF, and Medicaid records together.” The design and implemention of the FPLS, TANF, and Medicaid data warehouse is a joint ASPE, ACF, and CMS project to monitor the progress of welfare reform. Child support data, TANF client data, and Medicaid client data will be merged into a research data warehouse that will assist with federal and state program oversight, research, statistical reporting, policy, and evaluation for the populations served by TANF, Child Support, and Medicaid. One major advantage of the data base is that it will help us understand program participation and interactions over time. For example, information on child support, medicaid participation, and earnings will help us understand individual and state differences in movement on and off TANF cash assistance and develop policies to increase family self-sufficiency.
This project will work with states to improve their capacity to use the administrative data they gather from the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program for program management and performance measurement. By working closely with several states in an iterative process through a series of working group meetings and visitations to state TANF offices, the Contractor will develop a software tool for using TANF administrative data to develop performance indicators. This improved capacity for analyzing and presenting data will be used to assist states in producing periodic reports for program management purposes. As a positive by-product of the project, states will have an incentive to improve the quality of the TANF administrative data collected and reported to HHS.
This project will develop and implement user-oriented enhancements to ACF/OPRE's web-based, TANF reporting system that states use to enter aggregate data for the TANF and related programs. The enhancements are intended to make the system more useful to states and others for program management and monitoring. The enhancements include adding historical data to enable comparison and trends; tables showing national totals, means, medians, percentages, rankings, and other statistics as appropriate; graphs with trend lines over time; and a map showing the level of each state's data. In contrast to the current system with its long lags before data is available, the proposed system will make more recent data available more quickly and in a widely accessible form on the Internet. States will enter and edit their own monthly data. Use of the system will be voluntary, so states could choose to participate. Security measures are in place to ensure the integrity and security of the data.
This project will expand the work of indicator development beyond traditional measures like family living arrangements and union formation and include measures that provide greater social context such as religiosity, family functioning, community interaction, and volunteerism. The work will build on HSP's leadership role in developing and disseminating key indicators of well-being and will provide important context for the welfare reform agenda of strengthening families. Products will include a report on key indicators available through existing data as well as a series of papers discussing what additional measures are needed and approaches for developing those measures. The project will wrap-up with a meeting of key researchers and policy makers to present the products, solicit feedback, and generate continued interest in expanding work in this area. An expert panel will provide guidance on choice of indicators, data, measurement, and conceptual issues.
This project continues ASPE's ongoing core support for the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). ASPE funds provide partial support for the continued collection and processing of longitudinal data relevant to research on economic factors and income support mechanisms, health, fertility, medical care, and disability affecting the poor and the elderly. ASPE funds will continue to support an expansion of the set of welfare-related questions to assess the entry effects of recent reforms.
[ Go to Major Areas ]
Our strategy in the special populations issue area is to examine innovative approaches for delivering services while ensuring accountability. The research in this area is designed to reach and effectively serve populations that have the greatest difficulty in succeeding in employment and thus may be left behind. Issues related to substance abuse, mental health, and domestic violence, as well as research on immigrants, are included in this section.
In collaboration with partners from several agencies, this project is funding a comprehensive evaluation of several innovative programs in New York City for welfare recipients with substance abuse and mental and physical health barriers to employment. It is part of an evolving national evaluation of programs across the country with these problems. Core funding for the evaluation is being provided by the Department through the Administration for Children and Families' Employment Retention and Advancement project, a national evaluation of programs serving TANF clients with significant and multiple employment barriers. Funding from ASPE and several other agencies (particularly the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) will enable a longer follow-up period as well as the collection of more detailed data through in-person interviews.
Under this study, up to 20 States are assisted with developing and implementing a homeless action plan that explores new policies and approaches for integrating housing and treatment for homeless persons. States have been selected as the focus because of their responsibility for developing and administering programs that are responsive to the needs of their residents and because the State is the principal level for administering HHS assistance programs. Teams of State personnel responsible for treatment, housing, and veterans affairs participate in one of two Policy Academies. The teams receive assistance in advance to help them prepare, facilitation at the Academy to develop a draft action plan, and follow-up assistance to implement a more integrated response to homeless individuals. HUD, VA, ACF, CMS, HRSA, and SAMHSA are co-sponsors. A national conference is included to help State to State exchange of examples of effective new policy approaches to homelessness.
Homeless clients frequently present providers with complex health care needs that must be comprehensively addressed. Service delivery fragmentation is a significant challenge to address the needs of such multi-problem clients. To overcome this, SAMHSA and HRSA have developed a collaborative program of service delivery for homeless individuals designed to improve access to primary and behavioral health care by supporting 12 community-based approaches that link these providers. The project describes the collaborative approaches implemented and measures the outcomes for homeless clients. ASPE is a partner in the evaluation, which is being done by the National Center on Family Homelessness.
[ Top of page | Major Areas ]
Home Pages:
Human Services Policy (HSP)
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
(ASPE)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS)
Last updated: 01/23/04