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Research Project:
Improving Efficacy of Fumigants by Promoting Uniform Dispersion in Soil and Minimizing Emissions to the Atmosphere
Location:
Crop Genetics and Environmental Research
Project Number: 6615-12000-003-00
Project Type:
Appropriated
Start Date: Dec 17, 2002
End Date: Dec 16, 2007
Objective:
Determine the efficiency of various barrier films, and absorbents, catalysts, and/or reactants applied to the film or soil surface, alone or in combination, for decreasing emissions of preplant soil fumigants to the atmosphere. Improve the efficacy of methyl bromide alternative fumigants (1,3-D, chloropicrin, and MITC) by promoting uniform dispersion and solubilization in the liquid phase in soil. Develop microemulsion methodologies for reduced volatilization and improved dispersion of alternative fumigants from drip-tube application or shank injection traces.
Approach:
Laboratory soil column, microplot, and field research will be conducted to determine reductions of emissions of various fumigants that can be achieved by current and potential new barrier films, alone or in combination with various absorbents, catalysts, or reactants. Field application technologies, including "broadcast" coulter injection, deep placement with injection followed by bedding and film covers, and drip tube application, will be compared with standard shank injection. Microemulsions will be investigated in laboratory, microplot, and field conditions for controlled release of alternative fumigants. Bioassay plants will be used to determine effectiveness for pest control. Spatial and temporal soil air concentrations and emissions will be obtained to confirm dispersion improvements and emission reductions.
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