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Alternative names Return to top
Routine eye examination; Eye exam - standardDefinition Return to top
A standard ophthalmic exam is a series of tests performed by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor). An optometric or eye exam may also be performed by an optometrist. The tests measure the refraction and visual acuity of the eye and check for disease. (See also Refraction test.)How the test is performed Return to top
The eye doctor will start by asking a series of questions about your medical and ocular history and any noticeable eye problems.
Visual acuity (vision) is determined in each eye using the Snellen Chart. This chart consists of random letters of different sizes. The letters for normal vision (20/20) are 3/8-inch tall, viewed at 20 feet. People with normal vision can read these letters. A refraction test may also be performed where the doctor puts several lenses in front of the eyes to determine if glasses are needed.
Eye movement (see extraocular muscle function) and peripheral vision (see visual fields) are tested by moving a light or object through the field of vision. The eye's reaction to light (pupillary response) is also measured.
Color blindness is tested using multicolored dots that form numbers (see color vision test). Color blind people are not able to detect certain numbers or may see a different number than people who are not color blind.
Glaucoma testing (tonometry) is performed with a puff of air directed at the eye or using a blue circle of light that comes very close to the eye. Evaluation of the cornea and the front part of the eye is performed while seated at a slit lamp, a device which magnifies the doctor's view.
The retina, fundus (back of the eye), retinal vessels, and optic nerve head (optic disc) are viewed with an ophthalmoscope (a device made up of a light and a magnifier). This procedure is known as an ophthalmoscopy. Drops that dilate the pupil allow more of the fundus to be viewed.
How to prepare for the test Return to top
Make an appointment with the eye doctor (some take walk-in patients). Avoid eye strain the day of the test. Arrange transportation, since your pupils will be dilated.How the test will feel Return to top
The tests cause no pain or discomfort.Why the test is performed Return to top
This test should be performed on a regular basis to detect eye problems early and help determine the cause of noticeable changes in vision. Some professions (such as pilots, military, personnel, and professional drivers) require eye tests.
Various eye and medical problems can be found by a routine eye test. People with diabetes should have their eyes examined at least once a year.
Normal Values Return to top
What abnormal results mean Return to top
What the risks are Return to top
If your pupils are dilated during the ophthalmoscopy, vision will be blurred and sunlight can damage your eye. Wear dark glasses or shade your eyes to avoid discomfort.Special considerations Return to top
Many eye diseases, if detected early, are curable or can be treated. Update Date: 8/18/2003 Updated by: Edward B. Feinberg, M.D., M.P.H., Professor and Chair, Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |