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The problem of children being injured while living, working,
or visiting agricultural work environments (primarily farms), has
been recognized for several decades. Although many individuals and
groups have crusaded for the prevention of childhood agricultural
injuries over the years, there was not a national, coordinated effort.
This changed in 1991, when the Surgeon General's Conference on
Agricultural Safety and Health was held in Des Moines, Iowa. During
this conference, a session entitled Intervention: Safe Behaviors
Among Adults and Children highlighted the risks faced by people,
both young and adult, involved with production agriculture.
This was followed in 1992 by a Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention
symposium held in Marshfield, Wisconsin. The symposium was sponsored
by the National Farm Medicine Center, a component of the Marshfield
Medical Research and Education Foundation, which sought to develop
consensus on relevant research, education, policy, and other interventions
aimed at the reduction of agricultural injuries among children.
From this meeting developed a core of 42 individuals which formed
the National Committee for Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention
(NCCAIP). Over a 16-month period, members of the committee finalized
a National
Action Plan (http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/action
/title.htm) that was released in 1996 for addressing
the childhood agricultural injury problem. The National Action Plan
recommends leadership, surveillance, research, education, and public
policy. The plan specifically recommended that NIOSH serve as the
lead federal agency in preventing childhood agricultural injury.
Due in large part to the efforts by NCCAIP to raise awareness
and concern about childhood agricultural injury issues, and with
targeted funding from Congress, in October 1996, NIOSH began implementation
of a National Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention Initiative.
NIOSH goals for the initiative are to fill critical data needs;
establish an infrastructure which facilitates the use of data to
develop and improve upon prevention efforts; and encourage the use
of effective prevention strategies by the private and public sectors.
To date, NIOSH has undertaken a number of activities to address
the recommendations in the National Action Plan. |
Background on the NIOSH Childhood Agricultural
Injury Prevention Initiative
Information on the development of the NIOSH Childhood Agricultural Injury
Prevention Initiative, important events leading to the Initiative, and
current information on the assessment of the Initiative.
Information on the February 1997
meeting to obtain input from stakeholders for the NIOSH Childhood Agricultural
Injury Prevention Initiative
HHS press release
on Child Ag Initiatives
NIOSH Update Announcing
National Children's Center for Agricultural Injury Prevention
NIOSH FACTS, Health
and Safety for Kids on the Farm
A national childhood agricultural
injury prevention initiative.
Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. (Castillo D, Hard D, Myers
J, Pizatella T, Stout N. 1998. Special Issue 1, 183-191.)
Midcourse review
of background, important events, progress and proposed future efforts
Children
and Agriculture: Opportunities for Safety and Health, A National Action
Plan
External Link: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/action/intro.htm
2001 Child Agricultural Injury Summit
Background
Information
External Link: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/resources/agriculture/agsummit2001.htm
Final Report  PDF
Only 793 KB (40 pages)
External Link: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/images/910-060
Summit Report.pdf
Childhood Agricultural Injury Surveillance
Provides information on NIOSH activities to implement a Childhood Agricultural
Injury Surveillance component as recommended by the National Action Plan.
The NIOSH Childhood Agricultural
Injury Surveillance Project
Fatal
Unintentional Farm Injuries Among Persons Less than 20 Years of Age in
the United States: Geographic Profiles
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-131 (July 2001)
Injuries Among Youth on Farms in the United States, 1998
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-154 (June 2001)
PDF
Only 1,558 KB (191 pages)
Injuries
Among Farm Workers in the United States, 1995
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-153 (May 2001)
Fatal Work-related Injuries in
the Agricultural Production and Services Sector Among Youth In the U.S.
1992-1996 (abstract)
Journal of Agromedicine (Castillo DN, Adekoya N, Myers JR. 1999. 6(3),27-41)
Young Workers At Risk When
Working in Agricultural Production
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, (Hard DL, Myers JR, Snyder KA,
Casini VJ, Morton LL, Cianfrocco R and Fields J. 1999. Supplement
1:31-33.)
Fatal On-Farm Injuries Among Youth 16
to 19 Years of Age: 1982-1994
Journal of Agricultural safety and Health, (Myers J, Adekoya N. 2001.
7(2): 101-112)
USDA/NASS 1998 Childhood Agricultural Injuries
PDF
Only 32 KB (2 pages)
External Link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/injury/injr1099.pdf
MMWR Articles
Youth
Agricultural Work-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments–United
States, October 1995–September 1997
1998 V47(35), 733-737.
Deaths
Among Children Aged Less Than or Equal to 5 Years from Farm Machinery
Runovers–Iowa, Kentucky, and Wisconsin, 1995-1998, and United States,
1990-1995
July 1999, V48(28), 605-608.
Childhood
Work-Related Agricultural Fatalities–Minnesota, 1994-1997
April 1999, V48(16) 332-335.
Publications
Asthma Among
Household Youth on Minority Farm Operations
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004-118 (December 2003)
Injuries to
Youth on Minority Farm Operations
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004-117 (December 2003)
Fatal
Unintentional Farm Injuries Among Persons Less than 20 Years of Age in
the United States: Geographic Profiles
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-131 (July 2001)
Injuries Among Youth on Farms in the United States, 1998
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-154 (June 2001)
PDF
Only 1,558 KB (191 pages)
Injuries
Among Farm Workers in the United States, 1995
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-153 (May 2001)
Fatal Work-related Injuries In
the Agricultural Production and Services Sector Among Uouth In the U.S.
1992-1996 (abstract)
Journal of Agromedicine (Castillo DN, Adekoya N, Myers JR. 1999. 6(3),27-41)
Young Workers At Risk When
Working In Agricultural Production
American Journal of Industrial Medicine (Hard DL, Myers JR, Snyder KA,
Casini VJ, Morton LL, Cianfrocco R and Fields J. 1999. Supplement
1:31-33.)
Fatal On-Farm Injuries Among Youth 16
to 19 Years of Age: 1982-1994
Journal of Agricultural safety and Health (Myers J, Adekoya N. 2001.
7(2): 101-112)
USDA/NASS 1998 Childhood Agricultural Injuries
PDF
Only 32 KB (2 pages)
External Link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/other/injury/injr1099.pdf
The childhood agricultural injury
prevention strategy workshop: A private sector perspective.
Field W., Final Report
to NIOSH: A summary of strategies and successes.
MMWR Articles
Youth
Agricultural Work-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments–United
States, October 1995–September 1997
1998 V47(35), 733-737.
Deaths
Among Children Aged Less Than or Equal to 5 Years from Farm Machinery
Runovers–Iowa, Kentucky, and Wisconsin, 1995-1998, and United States,
1990-1995
July 1999, V48(28), 605-608.
Childhood
Work-Related Agricultural Fatalities–Minnesota, 1994-1997
April 1999, V48(16) 332-335.
Other Publications
North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks and
Child Labor Regulations. 2002, June. Cohen, A. Final Contract
Report: Available from the NIOSH, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale
Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888.
Fatal Agricultural Work Injuries from Harmful Substances or Environments
in the United States. 1992-1996. 1999. Adekoya, Nelson and Myers,
John R. Technical paper presented at the 1999 NIFS Annual Conference,
Ocean City, Maryland.
Non-fatal animal-related injuries to youth occurring on Farms
in the US – 1998. 2001. Hendricks KJ, Adekoya N. Presented
at the 2001 NIFS Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA.
Fatal and non-fatal falls in US agricultural production to youth
less than 20 years old. 2002. Hendricks KJ, Myers JR, Goldcamp
EM. Presented at the 2002 NIFS Annual Conference, Ponte Vedra, FL.
Farm Fatalities to Youth 1995-1997: A Comparison by Age Groups.
2002. Goldcamp EM, Myers JR, Hendricks KJ. Presented at the 2002 NIFS
Annual Conference, Ponte Vedra, FL.
Non-fatal Injuries: An Overview of Injuries on Racial-Minority
Operated Farms in the US, 2000. 2003. Goldcamp Michael, Hendricks
Kitty, Layne Larry and Myers John. Research paper presented at the 2003
NIFS Annual Conference, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
Farm Hazards to Household Youth on Minority Operated Farms in
the US, 2000: Exposure and Injury from Work, Horses, ATVs and Tractors.
2003. Hendricks Kitty, Myers John R., Goldcamp Michael and Layne Larry.
Research paper presented at the 2003 NIFS Annual Conference, Windsor,
Ontario, Canada.
Demographics and Non-fatal Injury Patterns of Youth Less than
20 years old on Hispanic Operated Farms in the US, 2000. 2003.
Layne LA, Myers JR, Hendricks KJ and Goldcamp EM. Research paper presented
at the 2003 NIFS Annual Conference, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
Relevant Links
National
Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety
External Link: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/
Association of Maternal and Child
Health Programs (AMCHP)
External Link: http://www.amchp.org/
Maternal and Child Health
Bureau (MCHB)
External Link: http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/
National Maternal and Child
Health Clearinghouse
External Link: http://www.ask.hrsa.gov/
Other Links of Interest
Migrant
and Seasonal Hired Adolescent Farmworkers: A Plan to Improve Working Conditions.
Recommendations from the National Adolescent Farmworker Occupational Health
and Safety Advisory Committee.
External link: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/nfmc/farmworkersreport/
National Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety,
National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI.
Creating Safe Play Areas on Farms
PDF
Only 906 KB (32 pages)
External link: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/safeplay.pdf
This guidance document has been developed as a resource for safety professionals,
farm and rural community leaders, and farm owners who want to understand
important features of safe play areas for children who live on or visit
farms, ranches,
orchards or other agricultural settings. The focus is on children between
the ages of
2 and 10 years old.
Children
and Agriculture: Opportunities for Safety and Health, A National Action
Plan
External Link: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/action/intro.htm
2001 Child Agricultural Injury Summit
Background
Information
External Link: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/resources/agriculture/agsummit2001.htm
Final Report PDF
Only 793 KB (40 pages)
External Link: http://research.marshfieldclinic.org/children/images/910-060
Summit Report.pdf
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Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention Initiative Main 
