"Mobile sources" is a term used to
describe a wide variety of vehicles, engines, and equipment that
generate air pollution and that move, or can be moved, from place
to place.
"On-road," or highway,
sources include vehicles used on roads for transportation of passengers
or freight. "Nonroad," (also called
"nonroad") sources include vehicles, engines, and equipment
used for construction, agriculture, transportation, recreation,
and many other purposes. Within these two broad categories, on-road
and nonroad sources are further distinguished by size, weight, use,
and/or horsepower.
On-Road Vehicles
This category of mobile sources includes light-duty
vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, and motorcycles,
used for transportation on the road. On-road vehicles may be fueled
with gasoline,
diesel fuel, or alternative fuels such as alcohol or natural gas.
- Light-duty vehicles: Passenger
cars
- Light-duty trucks:Includes
pickup trucks, minivans, passenger vans, and sport-utility vehicles.
Those up to 6,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (which includes
passenger and cargo weight in addition to the weight of the vehicle)
are known as "light light-duty trucks"; those that are
6,001 to 8,500 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight are known as "heavy
light-duty trucks."
- Heavy-duty
vehicles:Vehicles of 8,501 pounds Gross
Vehicle Weight and higher that are equipped with heavy-duty engines.
Examples of heavy-duty vehicles include large pick-ups, buses, delivery
trucks, recreational vehicles (RVs), and semi trucks.
- Medium duty passenger vehicles:Vehicles
between 8,500 and 10,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight that are designed
primarily to transport people. Medium-duty passenger vehicles are
a subset of heavy-duty vehicles, and consist primarily of large
sport-utility vehicles and passenger vans.
- Motorcycles:
2 or 3 wheeled vehicles designed
for on-road use.
Nonroad Vehicles, Engines, and Equipment
This category of mobile sources includes nonroad gasoline
equipment and vehicles, nonroad diesel equipment and vehicles, aircraft,
marine vessels, locomotives, and assorted other engines and vehicles.
- Nonroad gasoline, diesel, and "other" equipment and
vehicles:These categories of mobile sources
include equipment and vehicles fueled with diesel fuel, gasoline, propane,
or natural gas in the following sectors: recreational, construction
and mining, industrial, lawn and garden, farm, commercial, logging,
airport service, railway maintenance, and recreational marine vessels.
- Recreational
engines and vehicles: Includes nonroad
motorcycles (dirt bikes), all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), golf carts,
snowmobiles, and engines used in specialty vehicles, such as go-karts.
- Construction equipment and vehicles:
Includes asphalt and concrete pavers
and paving/surfacing equipment, tampers/rammers, plate compactors,
concrete pavers, rollers, scrapers, paving equipment, surfacing equipment,
signal boards, trenchers, bore/drill rigs, excavators, concrete/industrial
saws, cement and mortar mixers, cranes, graders, nonroad
trucks, crushing/processing equipment, rough terrain forklifts, rubber-tired
loaders and dozers, tractors/loaders/backhoes, crawler tractors, skid
steer loaders, nonroad tractors, dumpers/tenders, and other construction
equipment.
- Industrial equipment:Includes
aerial lifts, forklifts, sweepers/scrubbers, and other general
industrial material-handling equipment.
- Lawn and garden equipment: Includes
lawnmowers, weed trimmers, brush cutters, leaf blowers/vacuums,
rear-engine riding mowers, front mowers, chainsaws (under 6 horsepower),
tillers (under 6 horsepower), shredders (under 6 horsepower), lawn
and garden tractors, wood splitters, snowblowers, chippers/stump grinders,
and commercial turf equipment.
- Farm equipment:Includes
two-wheel tractors, agricultural tractors and mowers, combines, sprayers,
balers, tillers (over 6 horsepower), swathers, hydropower units, and
other agricultural equipment.
- Commercial equipment: Includes generator
sets, pumps, air compressors, gas compressors, welders, and pressure
washers.
- Logging equipment: Includes chainsaws
and shredders (over 6 horsepower), skidders, and fellers/bunchers.
- Airport
service equipment and vehicles: Includes
ground support equipment used in airport operations, such as maintaining
and fueling aircraft, transporting and loading cargo, transporting
passengers, handling baggage, servicing lavatories, and serving food.
- Railway maintenance equipment: Includes
specialized equipment used for installing and maintaining railroad
track.
- Recreational
marine vessels: Includes pleasure boats
and larger non-commercial vessels with inboard and outboard engines,
stern drive engines, and sailboat auxiliary inboard and outboard engines.
- Aircraft: All types of aircraft (ground
equipment not included).
- Marine
vessels: Includes auxiliary and propulsion
engines used by all types of commercial marine vessels, including harbor
vessels, tugs, ocean-going ships, and commercial fishing vessels.
- Locomotives: Includes diesel-powered engines only (coal-and
wood-fired not included) used in freight and passenger rail, line-haul,
local, and switch yard service.
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