Skip navigation | ||
|
||
Medical Encyclopedia |
|
Other encyclopedia topics: | A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk Bl-Bz C-Cg Ch-Co Cp-Cz D-Di Dj-Dz E-Ep Eq-Ez F G H-Hf Hg-Hz I-In Io-Iz J K L-Ln Lo-Lz M-Mf Mg-Mz N O P-Pl Pm-Pz Q R S-Sh Si-Sp Sq-Sz T-Tn To-Tz U V W X Y Z 0-9 |
Contents of this page: | |
|
Alternative names Return to top
Language impairment; Impairment of speech; Inability to speak; Aphasia; Dysarthria; Slurred speech; DysphasiaDefinition Return to top
Speech impairment may be any of several speech problems, particularly the following:Considerations Return to top
DYSARTHRIA
Dysarthria is generally apparent in daily conversation where there is difficulty expressing certain sounds or words. This condition may be caused by taking excess medications such as narcotics, phenytoin, or carbamazepine. Alcohol intoxication causes dysarthria.
Degenerative neurological disorders affecting the cerebellum or brainstem can also cause dysarthria. Stroke that affects brainstem or cerebellar regions can also cause dysarthria. Any facial weakness, such as Bell's palsy or tongue weakness, can cause dysarthria.
APHASIA
Aphasia is loss of communication skills previously learned and commonly occurs following strokes or in people with brain tumors or degenerative diseases that affect the language areas of the brain. This term does not apply to children who have never developed communication skills.
In some cases of aphasia, the problem eventually resolves itself, but in others the condition is irreversible.
Common Causes Return to top
DYSARTHRIAHome Care Return to top
For dysarthria, speaking slowly is encouraged, and the use of hand gestures, when necessary, is recommended. Family and friends need to provide ample time for those afflicted with the disorder to express themselves. Medications that are causing the problem should be stopped, if possible. Use of alcohol should be minimized.
For aphasia, family members may need to provide frequent orientation reminders, such as what day it is, because disorientation and confusion often follow the onset of aphasia.
A relaxed, calm environment where external stimuli are kept to a minimum is important.
Speak in a normal tone of voice (this condition is not a hearing or emotional problem), use simple phrases to avoid misunderstanding, and don't assume that the affected person understands. Frustration, profanity, and depression are typical responses in people suffering from aphasia.
Provide communication aids, if possible, depending on the particular person and condition.
Call your health care provider if Return to top
What to expect at your health care provider's office Return to top
The health care provider will obtain a medical history and will perform a physical examination. The medical history may require the assistance of family or friends.
Medical history questions documenting speech impairment may include the following:
The physical examination will include a detailed evaluation of brain function.
Diagnostic tests that may be performed include the following:
Home | Health Topics | Drug Information | Encyclopedia | Dictionary | News | Directories | Other Resources | |
Copyright | Privacy | Accessibility | Selection Guidelines U.S. National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 National Institutes of Health | Department of Health & Human Services |
Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |