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Alternative names Return to top
Neuropathy - axillary nerveDefinition Return to top
Axillary nerve dysfunction is a loss of movement or sensation of the shoulder because of damage to the axillary nerve.Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
Axillary nerve dysfunction is a form of peripheral neuropathy. It occurs when there is damage to the axillary nerve, which supplies the deltoid muscles of the shoulder. It is not a specific, separate disease, but is caused by many conditions that can damage the axillary nerve.
Dysfunction of a single nerve group, such as the axillary nerve, is called mononeuropathy. Mononeuropathy implies a local cause of the nerve damage, although systemic disorders may occasionally cause isolated nerve damage (such as occurs with mononeuritis multiplex).
The usual causes are direct trauma, prolonged external pressure on the nerve, and pressure on the nerve from nearby body structures.
Conditions associated with axillary nerve dysfunction include fracture of the humerus (upper arm bone), pressure from casts or splints, and improper use of crutches. Other causes include systemic disorders that cause neuritis (inflammation of nerves).
In some cases, no detectable cause can be identified. Mechanical factors may be complicated by ischemia (a lack of oxygen from decreased blood flow) in the area.
Symptoms Return to top
Signs and tests Return to top
A neuromuscular examination of the arm and shoulder indicates axillary nerve dysfunction. There may be weakness of the shoulder, with difficulty moving the arm.
The deltoid muscle of the shoulder may show signs of muscle atrophy. A detailed history may be needed to determine the possible cause of the neuropathy.
Tests that reveal axillary nerve dysfunction may include:
Treatment Return to top
Treatment is aimed at identifying the cause, treating it, and increasing mobility and independence. In some cases, no treatment is required and recovery is spontaneous.Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
If the cause of the axillary nerve dysfunction can be identified and successfully treated, there is a possibility of full recovery. The extent of disability varies. The worst problem most often is shoulder weakness.Complications Return to top
Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of axillary nerve dysfunction are present. Early diagnosis and treatment increase the chance of controlling symptoms.Prevention Return to top
Preventative measures vary, depending on the cause. Avoid prolonged pressure on the underarm area. Examine casts, splints, and other appliances for proper fit. Crutch training should include instructions not to place pressure on the underarm. Update Date: 5/8/2003 Updated by: Elaine T. Kiriakopoulos, M.D., M.Sc., Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |