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Definition Return to top
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a form of depression that occurs in relation to the seasons, most commonly beginning in winter.Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is marked by symptoms of depression profound enough to seriously affect work and relationship functioning. The disorder may have its onset in adolescence or early adulthood and, like other forms of depression, occurs more frequently in women than in men. Most people with the "winter blahs" or "cabin fever" do not have SAD.
The cause of SAD is not known but is thought to be related to numerous factors such as body temperature, hormone regulation, and ambient light. There is a rare form that occurs in the summer.
Symptoms Return to top
Signs and tests Return to top
A psychological evaluation rules out other causes for the symptoms and confirms the diagnosis.Treatment Return to top
As with other types of depression, antidepressant medications and talk therapy can be effective. Light therapy using a special lamp to mimick the spectrum of light from the sun may also be helpful.
Symptoms commonly resolve on their own with the change of seasons.
Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
The outcome is good with continuous treatment, though some people may have the disorder throughout their lives.Complications Return to top
Seasonal affective disorder can sometimes progress to a major depressive syndrome.
Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you experience symptoms of seasonal affective disorder.
Prevention Return to top
Individuals who have suffered from recurrent seasonal depression should speak with a mental health care professional to explore preventative treatments.
Update Date: 2/1/2003 Updated by: David Taylor, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |