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Alternative names
Meningococcal septicemia; Meningococcal blood poisoning; Meningococcal bacteremia or bacterial in the bloodDefinition Return to top
Meningococcemia is an acute (sudden onset) infection of the bloodstream and subsequent vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis.Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
Neisseria meningitidis frequently lives in the upper respiratory tract with no evidence of illness. Some event is thought to trigger the onset of aggressive behavior of the organism and sporadic cases of meningococcemia and meningococcal meningitis appear.
Family members and those closely exposed to an infected individual are at increased risk. The infection occurs more frequently in winter and early spring. It is transmitted from person-to-person by respiratory droplets.
Symptoms Return to top
Symptoms may be very few at first, and can include:Later symptoms and signs can include:
Signs and tests Return to top
Treatment Return to top
Patients are often admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital. Intensive monitoring and treatment are needed.Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
Early treatment results in a good outcome. When shock develops, the outcome is more guarded. Profound shock, DIC (a severe bleeding disorder), and adrenal collapse all predispose the patient to a poor prognosis with possibility of a death. Patients without meningitis tend to have a poorer prognosis.Complications Return to top
Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call your health care provider immediately or go to the emergency room if your child has symptoms suggestive of meningococcemia.Prevention Return to top
Prophylaxis (preventive antibiotics) for family members and contacts are often recommended. Speak with you health care provider about this option.
A vaccine that covers some but not all strains of meningococcus is available and has been suggested for use by college students. You should discuss the appopriate use of this vaccine with your health care provider.
Update Date: 1/16/2004 Updated by: Daniel Levy, M.D., Ph.D., Infectious Diseases, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |