One of EPA's objectives is to remediate contaminated sites to prevent
harm to people and the natural environment. To achieve this goal,
EPA works to cleanup polluted sites, and restore them to uses appropriate
for surrounding communities. Basic and applied remediation research
is conducted in both EPA Laboratories and Centers. In addition,
through the National Center for Environmental Research, EPA competitively
funds extramural research in environmental remediation. The purpose
of this research is to protect human health and the environment;
to prevent exposure of potential human and ecological receptors
to hazardous or deleterious substances that have been released to
soil, sediment, surface water, or groundwater
The research projects described below are funded by NCER grants.
For ease of understanding, all grants have been placed under topic
areas that describe the overall, general objectives of the projects.
Specific information is given for each grant that includes: title,
web address, EPA grant number, principal investigator(s), institution
(university), NCER project officer, dates during which the grant
is funded, and a brief description of the research. Take the link
to the full report on the NCER web site to view complete details
of approach, progress summary/ accomplishments, conclusions and
a complete list of publications.
For additional information on EPA-funded remediation research,
visit http://es.epa.gov/ncer/centers/
and click on "Hazardous Substance Research Centers" or
on the specific center's link. Or, go directly to http://www.hsrc.org/ and click the "research"
button on the left frame to view full abstracts and to search abstract
archive. Topics include metals research; detection and remediation
research; bioremediation research; fate and transport research;
incineration research; and technology transfer research.
Science Issues that NCER Is Addressing Related to Remediation:
Final Report - Application of Surface Expressed Phosphotriesterase
for Detoxification and Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticides http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/660 EPA Grant Number: R823663 Investigators: Ashok Mulchandani and Wilfred Chen Project Period: October 1995 - September 1998 Institution: University of California, Riverside EPA Project Officer: Bala Krishnan Objectives: An optical biosensor for the direct determination
of organophosphorus compounds was developed. Three different amperometric
biosensors based on the organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme have been
developed. In batch operations, 100 percent of a model organophosphate
nerve agent, paraoxon, was degraded in less than 2 hours. In addition
to paraoxon, other commonly used organophosphates, such as diazinon,
coumaphos, and methyl parathion were hydrolyzed efficiently.
See website for numerous
publications related to this research
Final Report - Anaerobic Degradation of Chlorinated Benzoic
Acid Herbicides Coupled to Denitrification
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/592 EPA Grant Number: R822487 Investigators: Max M. Häggblom and L. Y. Young Institution: Rutgers University EPA Project Officer: Clyde Bishop Project Period: Oct 1, 1994 - Sept. 30, 1998 Objectives: This study revealed that the predominant electron
accepting process could affect the rate and extent of dicamba degradation
in anaerobic environments. Dicamba can be anaerobically biodegraded
and mineralized under methanogenic conditions. The work suggests
that the electron acceptors present in an environment will influence
in situ degradation of herbicides in anoxic soils and sediments.
See website for numerous publications related
to this research
Riparian Poplar Tree Buffer Impact on Non-point Source Surface
Water Contamination: A Paired Agricultural Watershed Study
http://es.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/centers/hsrc/biorem/bio11.html http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC/riparian.html Principal Investigators:L.A. Licht and J.L. Schnoor Institution: Hazardous Substances Research Center - University
of Iowa Objectives: The study sites in this project revealed that
the nitrate nitrogen flow from an unbuffered watershed was consistently
above the EPA MCL while the buffered watershed was consistently
below the MCL. Ground water in the riparian stream border was monitored
for subsurface flows crossing the border. Tile drainage was the
primary source of in-stream nitrate nitrogen. Little nitrate appeared
to be added to the stream by base flow after the water flowed through
the tree buffer. Buffer plots of grass and different tree varieties
have been maintained to test alternative culturing practices. The
Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to obtain estimates of relative
soil loss potential in each watershed.
Use of Vegetation to Enhance Bioremediation of Surface Soils
Contaminated with Pesticide Wastes http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5250 http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC/use.html EPA Grant Number: R825549C045 Principal Investigators:J.R. Coats and T.A. Anderson, Institution: Iowa State University - Hazardous Substance
Research Center Objectives: The primary objective of this project is to determine
the role of herbicide-tolerant plants and commodity plants in facilitating
microbial degradation of herbicide wastes in soils. Initial screening
tests on mineralization of 14C-labeled atrazine identified rhizosphere
soil from Kochia scoparia as having enhanced degradative capability.
In subsequent tests, it was concluded that Kochia scoparia rhizospheric
soil had a significantly greater rate of 14C-atrazine mineralization
than nonvegetated soil and sterile control soil.
Novel Fiber Optic Biosensor for Pesticide Residue Detection http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1576 EPA Contract Number: 68D70059 Investigator: Mr. Mark E. Jones
Fiber & Sensor Technologies, Inc.
P.O. Box 11704 / Blacksburg, VA 24060 EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Project Period: September 1997 - September 1999 Objectives: The objective of this technology is the identification
of pesticide residues in field applications using highly reliable,
rapid, low-cost, portable instrumentation. Instrumentation will
use the optical fiber long period granting (LPG) sensing element
as a viable field-portable platform for the quantitative, selective
identification of pesticides in soils and groundwater.
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/363 EPA Grant Number: R828160 Investigators: Ashok Mulchandani, Wilfred Chen and Joseph
Wang Institution: University of California, Riverside; New Mexico
State University, Las Cruces EPA Project Officer: Bala Krishnan Project Period: June 1, 2000 - May 31, 2002 Objectives: The overall objective of this research is to
develop, optimize, characterize, and validate biosensors for rapid,
selective, sensitive, precise, accurate, simple and low-cost discrete
and real-time in-situ monitoring of organophosphate pesticides in
the field.
Signal Amplification of Nonextractive Immunoassay http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1575 EPA Contract Number: 68D70060 Investigator: Dr. Rhys N. Thomas Small Business: Fayette Environmental Services, Inc. EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Project Period: September 1997 - September 1999 Objectives: At the conclusion of Phase I, signal amplified
nonextractive immunoassay was able to detect 83 femtomoles of a
representative contaminant (dinitrophenylsulfonate) in a surrogate
sediment. Based on this proof of concept, Phase II will result in
the production of prototype field test kits for polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs), pentachlorophenol,
and atrizine at low part per trillion levels in soil and water at
costs competitive with the currently available, but insufficiently
sensitive, field test kits.
1999 Progress Report: A Decision Analysis Framework for Groundwater
Remediation http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/726/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R825825 Investigators: Charles F. Harvey, Charles M. Harvey Institution: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard
Center for Risk Assessment EPA Project Officer: Matthew Clark Project Period: October 1, 1997–September 30, 2000 Objectives: The objective of this research project is to
provide a framework for the evaluation of alternative strategies
to manage contaminated groundwater. Project partners have put together
a database containing arsenic concentrations in the environment
and drinking water, the health effects of this arsenic, and the
health effects (infections disease) of drinking surface water. This
data will be used to construct the framework for evaluating options
for dealing with arsenic contaminated groundwater and providing
drinking water. Two papers have been completed that describe methods
for evaluating environmental decisions. The first paper considers
the discount factor that should be used for future outcomes of environmental
decision. The second paper describes a method for aggregating individual
health outcomes that uses people's preference intensities for health
outcomes to aggregate measures of their health outcomes into an
evaluation of the overall outcome. Publications/Presentations:
Harvey CM, Hammitt J. Equity, efficiency, uncertainty, and the mitigation
of global climate change. To appear in Risk Analysis: An International
Journal.
Harvey, CF, Gorelick SM. Rate-limited mass transfer or macrodisperion:
which dominates plume evolution at the macrodispersion experiment
(MADE) site? Water Resources Research March 2000.
Harvey CM. Aggregation of individuals' preference intensities into
social preference intensity. Social Choice Welfare 1999.
Hollenbeck, Harvey, Haggerty, Werth. A method for estimating distributions
of mass transfer rate coefficients with application to purging and
batch experiments. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 1999.
Multi-Objective Decision-Making for Environmental Remediation http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/757 EPA Grant Number: R826614 Investigators: Alex Mayer1, Jeff Horn2, Carl Enfield3 Institution: Michigan Technological University1, Northern
Michigan University2, US EPA3 EPA Project Officer: Matthew Clark Project Period: September 1, 1998 - August 31, 2001 Objectives: The proposed project will result in a software
tool for aiding decision makers who must balance multiple, conflicting
objectives in the design of remediation systems. It is expected
that multi-objective optimization will result in remediation designs
that are significantly less expensive than those provided by traditional
design approaches.
1999 Progress Report: An Efficient Reliability-Based Approach
to Aquifer Remediation Design http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/342/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R827126 Investigators: Howard W. Reeves, Charles H. Dowding, Takeru
Igusa Institution: Northwestern University EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan Project Period: November 15, 1998–November 14, 2000 Objectives: The objective of this research project is to
implement an efficient approach to quantitatively link site characterization
and site remediation for sites with contaminated soil and groundwater.
The project has achieved the following goals: validated the efficiency
of the approach (a numerical model); demonstrated that the technique
can be used to compare different remediation schemes for a hypothetical
site; demonstrated that the technique can be used to compare the
impact of different input parameter uncertainties; and demonstrated
that the approach is applicable to transient contaminant transport
simulations. Relevant Web Sites:http://www.civil.nwu.edu/people/reeves.html
Final Report: A National Evaluation of Equity in Hazardous Waste
Sites http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/384/report/F EPA Grant Number: R823185 Investigator: Douglas L. Anderton Institution: Social and Demographic Research Institute, University
of Massachusetts-Amherst EPA Project Officer: Matthew Clark Project Period: May 16, 1995–May 15, 1997 Objectives: This project finds that industrial segregation
underlies and reinforces residential segregation patterns in major
metropolitan areas. Results provide very limited support for hypotheses
of the environmental equity model. The results indicate that hazardous
industrial manufacturing enterprises are not more heavily segregated
into minority neighborhoods. However, non-Hispanic whites are relatively
more segregated from such industries given their already low segregation
from all industries.
See web site for numerous publications related
to this research.
Final Report: Stigma of Environmental Damage on Residential
Property Values http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/728/report/F EPA Grant Number: R825995 Investigators: Gordon C. Rausser Institution: University of California at Berkeley EPA Project Officer: Matthew Clark Project Period: September 1, 1997 - August 31, 1998 Objectives: Researchers designed a theoretical model to predict
the effects that stigma of environmental damage may have on residential
property values. The theoretical model shows that stigma can be
caused by both path dependence and uncertainty, rather than uncertainty
alone, which is the accepted explanation in the environmental economics
literature. The theoretical model also shows that stigma is not
the only outcome after contamination. Recovery is also possible. Publications:
McCluskey, Jill J. and Gordon C. Rausser, 1998. "Estimation
of Perceived Risk and Its Effect on Property Values," Working
Paper, Department of Agricultural Economics, Washington State University.
McCluskey, Jill J. and Gordon C. Rausser, 1998. "Stigmatized
Asset Value: Is it Temporary or Permanent?" Working Paper,
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of
California, Berkeley.
McCluskey, Jill J. and Gordon C. Rausser. "Causes and Compensation
for Environmental Inequality," In preparation.
Related Web Sites: Urban Land Institute: http://www.uli.org/indexJS.htm
1999 Progress Report: Integrating Models of Citizens Perceptions,
Metal Contaminants, and Wetlands Restoration in an Urbanizing Watershed http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/585/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R827288 Investigators: Robert K. Tucker, George S. Hawkins, Peter
R. Jaffe, Kerry Kirk Pflugh, Branden B. Johnson Institution: Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association;
Princeton University; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection,
Division of Science, Research, and Technology EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson Project Period: March 15, 1999–March 14, 2002 Objectives: Researchers are taking an integrated systems
perspective in studying citizens' environmental quality perceptions
with competing land-use interests. Partners have developed a model
to simulate trace metal dynamics in wetland sediments. This model
will be used to analyze experimental results, to generalize the
dynamics of trace metals in wetland sediments and in education efforts
about the function and value of wetlands. In conducting interviews
of wetlands experts, all experts thought preservation of existing
wetlands was the best management approach. Experts did not use arguments
from ecology to support wetlands preservation, but rather emphasized
benefits to humans.
Final Report: Partitioning Tracers for In Situ Detection and
Measurement of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in Porous Media http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/683/report/F EPA Grant Number: R825407
Progress Report: Partitioning Tracers for In Situ Detection and
Measurement of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in Porous Media Investigators: M.L. Brusseau Institution: University of Arizona EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz Project Period: November 1, 1996–October 31, 1999 Objectives: The overall goal of the proposed project was
to explore the use of partitioning tracers to characterize nonaqueous
phase liquids (LNAPLs) in aquifer systems. In an analysis of the
partitioning tracer method, results show that biodegradation of
the partitioning tracer can reduce the magnitude of its calculated
travel time, which results in an underestimation of the retardation
factor, and thus of NAPL saturation. Researchers have also developed
an advanced mathematical model to describe the transport of tracers
in heterogeneous systems. The model explicitly incorporates multiple
mass-transfer processes at multiple scales.
See web site for publications
related to this research.
Final Report: Dissolution Kinetics of Single and Multicomponent
NAPL Pools in Saturated Three-Dimensional Porous Media http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/511/report/F EPA Grant Number: R823579 Investigators: Constantinos V. Chrysikopoulos Institution: University of California, Irvine EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson Project Period: October 1996 - December 1998 Objective: The objective of this research was to study the
dissolution of single and multicomponent nonaqueous phase liquid
(NAPL) pools in three-dimensional experimental aquifers. To achieve
this objective, scientists developed a three-dimensional mathematical
model describing single component DNAPL dissolution from idealized
pool configurations (rectangular, elliptic/circular) in a homogeneous
aquifer under unidirectional flow conditions and calibrated this
model from comparison of model simulations with controlled three-dimensional
dissolution experiments. Publications: Several publications resulted from this research.
Please visit URL for citations.
1998 Progress Report: A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer
Limitations in Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/684/report/1998 EPA Grant Number: R825405 Investigators: Alex Mayer, Gary Pope Institution: Michigan Technological University, The University
of Texas EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz Project Period: November 1, 1996–October 31, 2000
The objective of this research was to assess the significance of
mass transfer limitations in the solubilization of nonaqueous phase
liquids. Rsearchers have developed column experiment protocols for
surfactant flooding tests, including analytical techniques. Using
trichloroethylene (TCE) for the NAPL, batch test results indicate
that equilibrium between the surfactant solution and TCE is reached
within tens of seconds or within a minute with the Aerosol MA. Column
tests indicate that equilibrium concentrations between TCE and the
surfactant solution are achieved within one pore volume. The equilibrium
concentrations are maintained until the NAPL saturations are reduced
to 5 percent, then concentrations drop steeply below equilibrium
levels. Publications:
Mayer A, Zhong L, Pope G. Measurement of mass transfer rates for
surfactant-enhanced solubilization of nonaqueous phase liquids.
Environ Sci Tech 1999;33:2965-2972. Relevant Web Sites:http://www.geo.mtu.edu
1999 Progress Report: Investigation of the Entrapment and Surfactant
Enhanced Recovery of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in Heterogeneous Sandy
Media http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/682/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R825409 Investigators: Linda M. Abriola, Kurt D. Pennell, Jacob H.
Dane Institution: University of Michigan, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Auburn University EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz Project Period: September 1, 1996–August 31, 1999 Objectives: This research project investigated the influence
of scale and formation heterogeneity on the entrapment and surfactant-enhanced
recovery of NAPLs in two-phase sandy aquifer systems. A numerical
model was developed that simulates two-phase flow processes (aqueous-gas
or aqueous-organic) and constituent transport for a variable number
of phase constituents. Researchers have obtained good agreement
with measured results, with accuracy depending on the ability to
characterize fluid and soil properties.
See web site for publications related to
this research.
Final Report: Enzymatic Nitrate Elimination Technology for Small
Systems http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1421/report/F EPA Contract Number: 68D50127
Final Report: Enzymatic Nitrate Elimination Technology for Small
Systems Investigator: Ellen R. Campbell & Dr. Wilbur W. Campbell
Small Business: The Nitrate Elimination Co., Inc. EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Project Period: September 1995 - August 1997 Project Description: The purpose of the project was to investigate
the potential for practical application of immobilized enzyme
technology
for removal of nitrate from potable water. The nitrate reductase
(NaR) is rugged - enzymatic activity lasting more than 30 days
under
constant flow at ambient temperatures (22 - 30°C) was achieved.
This is a sufficient time frame for practical application at the
home faucet. Data on useful lifetime of the NiR and NoR immobilized
enzymes was also positive. Publications:
Campbell, E.R.(1999) Nitrate removal may call for alternative methods.
Water Technology July 99: 64-66.
NECi Web site: http://www.nitrate.com
Final Report: Hydrothermal/Thermal Decomposition of Perchlorate http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1261/report/F EPA Grant Number: 68D99032 Investigator: Lixiong Li, Co-Principal Investigator: Edward N. Coppola Small Business: Applied Research Associates, Inc.
Work Location: 215 Harrison Avenue / Panama City, FL 32401 / (850)
914-3188 EPA Project Officer: Mr. Mike Bender (Project Officer) Project Period: September 1999 - March 2000 Project Description: The purpose of this project was to demonstrate
near complete decomposition of perchlorate ions in a 7% sodium chloride
(NaCl) brine solution via non-catalytic hydrothermal (high pressure)
and thermal (low pressure) treatment approaches. A secondary purpose
was to demonstrate a process concept to reject sulfate and permit
multiple reuses of the brine solution. Results derived from these
tests show that the spent salt brine can be regenerated for reuse
in the ion exchange process. ARA has developed an Integrated Thermal
Treatment Process that can meet or exceed end-user needs in terms
of performance and cost.
Simultaneous Removal of the Adsorbable and Electroactive Metals
from Contaminated Soils and Groundwater http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2000 http://eep.stanford.edu/SEEPWeb/wrhsrc/hmetal.html EPA Grant Number: R825689C024
Principal Investigators:Peter O. Nelson Institution: Oregon State University Hazardous Substances
Research Center Purpose: The goal of this research is to examine the
applicability of a permeable barrier technology for the simultaneous
removal of adsorbable and electroactive metals from soils and contaminated
groundwaters.
Natural Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Ground Water by
Barometric Pumping http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/777 EPA Grant Number: R826162 Investigators: James A. Smith Institution: University of Virginia EPA Project Officer: Bala Krishnan Project Period: January 1, 1998 - December 31, 2000 Objectives: The hypothesis is that air flow in the unsaturated
zone in response to natural atmospheric pressure variations (e.g.,
barometric pumping) causes a significant flux of VOCs from the subsurface
to the atmosphere at contaminated field sites. Researchers have
constructed a prototype chamber for laboratory testing and have
built the experimental system to test this flux chamber. The system
can be adjusted to produce diffusion-only fluxes, advection-dominated
fluxes, or any relative combination of the two.
In-Situ Removal of Heavy Metals from Vadose Zone Contaminated
Soils Using Enhanced Electrokinetics http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1414 EPA Contract Number: 68D60051 Investigator: Dr. E. Jennings Taylor Small Business: Faraday Technology, Inc.
3155 Research Boulevard, Suite 105 / Dayton, OH 45420 / 513 252-2113
EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Project Period: September 1996 - October 1998 Progress: In Phase I, researchers demonstrated the feasibility
of a novel approach to electrokinetic cleanup of contaminated soils.
In Phase II, they propose to demonstrate their innovative approach
to electrokinetic soil remediation on a bench scale with synthetic
soil matrix and on a pilot scale with real soil samples.
Final Report: Improved Method for In-Situ Soil Remediation:
The Modified "LasagnaTM" Process http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1218/report/F EPA Contract Number: 68D98119 Investigator: Dr. J. Michael Drozd Small Business: Industrial Microwave Systems, LLC
5107 Carolwood Lane / Durham, NC 27713
Telephone Number: (919) 403-0168 EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Executive Summary: The
"LasagnaTM" process allows users to treat contaminants
completely in situ. This device can treat a wide range of contaminants,
including trichloroethene (TCE), cadmium, mercury, lead, and nitrates.
Potential commercial applications include remediation projects involving
soils that are contaminated with ionized (or polar) substances.
A disadvantage is that implementing the process requires burying
a large electrode under the ground, thereby limiting the size of
the exposure region.
Field Pilot Test of In-Situ Ultrasonic Enhancement Coupled With
Soil Fracturing to Detoxify Contaminated Soil in Cooperation with
McLaren/Hart Environmental Engineers at the Hillsborough, NJ Site http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5731 http://njcmr.njit.edu/nhsrc/researchmenupage.htm (click "field
demonstrations" then project title) EPA Contract Number: R825511C029 Principal Investigators: Deran Hanesian, Angelo Perna, John
Schuring Institution: New Jersey Institute of Technology Objective: This project is using sonic energy from a pneumatic
transducer coupled with pneumatic fracturing to enhance the remediation
of volatile organic contaminants in-situ from soil and rock in the
vadose zone. Laboratory tests with a siren and a whistle have shown
an enhancement for in-situ soil remediation. The whistle has demonstrated
a contaminant mass removal rate of 1000 percent more than the control.
The time required to reduce an initial contaminant weight of eleven
pounds to one pound was reduced by a factor of 7 with the whistle.
1999 Progress Report: The Influence of Nanoporosity in Soils
From Contaminated Sites on Hydrocarbon Desorption Kinetics and Bioavailability http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/112/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R825959 Investigators: Joseph J. Pignatello, Alex Neimark Institution: The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station,
TRI/Princeton EPA Project Officer: Tom Veirs Project Period: January 1, 1998–December 31, 2000 Objectives: The primary focus of this research was to obtain
a better understanding of the link between desorption and bioavailability.
Researchers have developed and verified a new experimental protocol
and molecular level theoretical model for assessing nanoporosity
and soil retention ability by using carbon dioxide as a molecular
probe. Preliminary results suggest that biodegradation may be limited
by the rate of desorption.
See web site for publications related to
this research.
1999 Progress Report: The Effect of Plants on the Bioavailability
and Toxicity of Contaminants in Soil http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/162/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R825413 Investigators: M. Katherine Banks, A. Paul Schwab, J. Scott
Smith Institution: Purdue University, Kansas State University EPA Project Officer: Thomas Veirs Project Period: November 4, 1996–November 3, 1999 (no-cost
extension to November 3, 2000) Objectives: The overall objective of this project is to evaluate
the effect of plants on the bioavailability and toxicity of contaminants
in soil. Results to date indicate that the plants are reducing soil
contaminants and toxicity at the experimental site.
Publications:
Chen YC, Banks MK, Schwab AP. Phytoremediation of pyrene by tall
fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.).
Poster presented at the Environmental Science and Engineering Annual
Conference, West Lafayette, IN, 1999.
Banks MK, Schwab AP, Kim R, Spriggs T, Staton K. Port Hueneme
phytoremediation field assessment. Poster presented at the Environmental
Science and Engineering Annual Conference, West Lafayette, IN, 1999.
Banks MK, Schwab AP, Smith J, Kim R, Spriggs T, Staton K, Kulakow
P, Liu B. Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil: field
assessment. Poster presented at the Battelle Fifth International
Symposium on In-Situ and On-Site Bioremediation, San Diego, CA,
1999.
Final Report: A Novel, In-Situ Delivery Method for Peroxide
for Remediation of Organically Contaminated Soils http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1233/report/F EPA Contract Number: 68D98121 Investigator: Dr. Maria E. Inman Small Business: Faraday Technology, Inc.
315 Huls Drive / Clayton, OH 45315 / (937) 836-7749 EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Project Period: September 1998 - March 1999 Purpose: The purpose of the research was to electrochemically
generate peroxide ions at an air-fed cathode, for subsequent electrokinetic
dispersion through a contaminated site. This technology places a
buried electrode at the contaminated site for point-source remediation.
Furthermore, oxygen is utilized from the air and fed to the buried
electrode. The current efficiency for this experiment was slightly
less than 10 %.
Effects of Surfactants on the Bioavailability and Biodegradation
of Contaminants in Soils http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5284 http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC/effects.html EPA Contract Number: R825549C057 Principal Investigators: W.P. Inskeep and J.M. Wraith; C.G.
Johnston Institution: Montana State University Hazardous Substances
Research Center; Mycotech Corporation Purpose: This project is designed to improve understanding
of fundamental relationships between surfactant chemistry, contaminant
solubilization, and subsequent biodegradation rates in soils, while
developing novel methods that may be useful in the bioremediation
of nonpolar organic compounds in soils. Progress Summary: White-rot fungi appear to grow well in
the presence of biosurfactants. Several column transport experiments
showing enhanced transport of DDT in the presence of micelle and
nonmicelle forming surfactants have been conducted. Batch degradation
experiments of phenanthrene in the presence of model soil organic
matter phases have been performed. These experiments are designed
to determine the extent of bioavailability of sorbed phenanthrene
to various substrates.
The Efficacy of Oxidative Coupling for Promoting In-Situ Immobilization
of Phenolic Compounds in Contaminated Soil and Sediment Systems http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2183 EPA Identifier: U915351 Institution: University of Michigan, Environmental and Water
Resources Engineering and Chemical Engineering
Fellow (Principal Investigator): T. Michael Keinath II
EPA Grant Representative: Delores Thompson
Proposed Start Date: 9/8/98 Objectives: This project seeks to determine if oxidative
coupling could prove to be a novel in situ approach to soil and
groundwater remediation that would result in reduced treatment times
and costs.
Phytoremediation of TNT-Contaminated Soils Using Plants Selected
by a Four-Step Screening Procedure http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1438 EPA Contract Number: 68D70027
Principal Investigator: Dr. Ari M. Ferro Small Business: Phytokinetics, Inc., 1770 North Research
Park Way, Suite 110, North Logan, UT 84341 EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Project Period: September 1997 - March 1998 Abstract: This Phase I project proposes a four-step screening
procedure to select plants for the upland phytoremediation of TNT:
(1) immunoassay screen, (2) whole plant screen, (3) soils phytotoxicity
screen, and (4) phytoremediation screen.
Fellowship: Development of a Phytoremediation Handbook: Considerations
for Enhancing Microbial Degradation in the Rhizosphere
http://es.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/fellow/aaas/anderson.html Fellow (Principal Investigator): Todd A. Anderson Objectives: Fellow has developed a handbook that provids
information and guidance related to plant selection in optimizing
"rhizosphere degradation," or the use of vegetation to
enhance microbial degradation of organic contaminants in the root
zone or rhizosphere.
Pulsed-Jet Ground Penetration for Delivery of In Situ Bioremediation
Agents http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1595 EPA Contract Number: 68D50108 Investigator: Dr. Jack Kolle Small Business: Quest Integrated, Inc.
21414 68th Avenue South / Kent, WA 98032 / 206 872-9500 EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Project Period: September 1995 - March 1996 Objectives: Researchers are developing an ultrahigh-pressure
pulsed-jet system capable of punching deep (10 m) holes in heterogeneous
soils and fracturing the surrounding formation. This approach offers
rapid, positive access to the contaminated zone by the microbes,
substrates, and electron-acceptors required by CAH co-metabolic
degradation in the vadose zone.
1998 Progress Report: Bioavailability, Complex Mixtures, and
In-situ Bioremediation of Organic Contaminants http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/34/report/1998 EPA Grant Number: R825415 Progress Report: Bioavailability, Complex Mixtures, and In-situ
Bioremediation of Organic Contaminants Investigators: Mark L. Brusseau and Raina M. Miller-Maier Institution: University of Arizona EPA Project Officer: Tom Veirs Project Period: November 1, 1996 - October 31, 1999 Objectives: The goal of this project was to enhance understanding
of the impact of bioavailability on the biodegradation and in-situ
bioremediation of organic contaminants in subsurface systems. Preliminary
results suggest that the presence of a NAPL phase can stimulate
biodegradation of polycyclic aromatics but this effect is dependent
on both the ratio of NAPL:PAH present and on the absolute mass of
PAH present. Publications:
Ji, W., Bai, G., McCray, J.E., Miller-Maier, R., and Brusseau, M.L.
Biosurfactant-Enhanced Removal of Multicomponent Immiscible Liquid
From Soil. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1998 (in review).
Final Report: Biostimulation of BTX Degradation with Environmentally
Benign Aromatic Substrates http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/401/report/F EPA Grant Number: R823420 Investigators: Pedro J. Alvarez Institution: The University of Iowa EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan Project Period: October 1, 1995 - December 31, 1998 Project Findings: Researchers show that residual concentrations
of carcinogenic compounds such as benzene could exceed applicable
cleanup standards and remain a threat to public health. Overcoming
limitations associated with the presence and expression of appropriate
catabolic capacities might be accomplished by adding supplemental
substrates that increase the concentration of desirable phenotypes
without repressing the required catabolic enzymes.
Publications:
Alvarez P.J.J., L.C. Cronkhite, and C.S. Hunt (1998). Use of
benzoate to establish reactive buffer zones for enhanced attenuation
of BTX
migration. Environmental Science and Technology 32: 509-515.
Corseuil H.X., C.S. Hunt, R. dos Santos Ferreira, and P.J.J.
Alvarez (1998). The influence of the gasoline oxygenate ethanol
on aerobic
and anaerobic BTX biodegradation. Water Research 32: 2065-2072.
Vermace M.E., R.F. Christensen, G.F. Parkin, and P.J.J. Alvarez
(1996). Relationship between the concentration of denitrifiers
and
Pseudomonas spp. in soil: Implications for BTX bioremediation.
Water Research. 30: 3139-3145.
Corseuil H.X and P.J.J. Alvarez (1996). Natural bioremediation
perspective for BTX contaminated groundwater in Brazil. Water
Science and Technology.
34(7-8): 311-318.
Anaerobic Biodegradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene and other
Nitroaromatic Compounds by Clostridium Acetobutylicum http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5645 http://www.hsrc.org/hsrc/html/ssw/ EPA Grant Number: R825513C006 Investigator: J.Hughes , F. Rudolph , G. Bennett Institution: Rice University Hazardous Substances Research
Center Objective: The purpose of this project is to investigate
the anaerobic biotransformation of TNT and other nitroaromatics
under highly controlled conditions using cultures of Clostridium
acetobutylicum. These studies produced two interesting results with
implications in bioremediation and/or fate processes. First, aminated
nitrotoluenes were not detected during TNT transformation; hydroxylamino-compounds
were the only aromatic transformation intermediates observed. Second
is the influence of the metabolic activity of the culture on the
initial stages of nitro-reduction. Publications:
Pucik, L. E., and J. B. Hughes, "Capillary Electrophoretic
Separation of TNT and TNT-Transformation Products," Journal
of Capillary Electrophoresis -- accepted.
T. A. Khan, R. Bhadra, and Hughes, J. B., "Transformation of
TNT and Related Nitroaromatics by Clostridium acetobutylicum,"
Journal of Industrial Microbiology -- accepted.
T. A. Khan (1996), "Transformation of TNT and Related Nitroaromatics
by Clostridium acetobutylicum," M. S. Thesis. Rice University
Pucik, L. (1996) "The Fate of TNT Reduction Products in Aerobic
Microbial Systems," M. S. Thesis. Rice University
Final Report: Traveling Wave Behavior During Subsurface Transport
Of Biologically Reactive Contaminants: Implications For In-Situ
Bioremediation http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/566/report/F EPA Grant Number: R824785 Investigators: Professor Albert J Valocchi Institution: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
Dept. of Civil Engineering EPA Project Officer: Deran Pashayan Project Period: January 1996 to June 1999 Objectives: The objectives were to investigate how transport
and mixing processes affect the overall performance of engineered
in-situ bioremediation. Researchers have developed a "traveling
wave" theory and have derived simple formulas to calculate
the long-term rate of pollutant removal due to biodegradation. The
theory applies to readily degradable compounds, such as petroleum
hydrocarbons Publications:
Oya, S. and A.J. Valocchi, Characterization of traveling waves and
analytical estimation of pollutant removal in one-dimensional subsurface
bioremediation modeling, Water Resources Research, 33(5), 1117-1127,
1997.
Oya, S. and A.J. Valocchi. Analytical approximation of contaminant
removal for modeling in situ bioremediation, Fourth International
In-Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium - New Orleans, Apr
28-May 1, 1997, Vol 5, pp 571-576, Batelle Press, Columbus, OH.
Oya, S. and A.J. Valocchi, Analytical approximation of the biodegradation
rate for in situ bioremediation of groundwater under ideal radial
flow conditions, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 31(3-4),275-294,
1998.
Oya, S. and A.J. Valocchi, Transport and biodegradation of solutes
in stratified aquifers under enhanced in-situ bioremediation conditions,
Water Resources Research, 34(12), 3323-3334, 1998.
Application of Anaerobic and Multiple-Electron-Acceptor Bioremediation
to Chlorinated Aliphatic Subsurface Contamination http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5300 http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC/application.html EPA Grant Number: R825549C053 Principal Investigators: G.F. Parkin Institution: University of Iowa Hazardous Substances Research
Center Purpose: The goal of this project is to advance understanding
of anaerobic and mixed-electron acceptor bioremediation of chlorinated
aliphatics to a level that full-scale evaluation of these processes
is possible. Unlike aerobic biological processes, anaerobic biotransformations
of all chlorinated aliphatics occur. This lack of specificity, coupled
with the fact that most contaminated aquifers are anaerobic, may
make anaerobic bioremediation an alternative or supplement to aerobic
processes.
Final Report: Use of Pseudomonas Starvation Promoters in In-Situ
Bioremediation http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/486/report/F EPA Grant Number: R823390 Investigators: A. Matin, D.H. Hahm, M. Rivkina, S. Pandza,
C.H. Park, Mimi Keyhan Institution: Department of Microbiology, Stanford University
EPA Project Officer: Clyde Bishop Project Period: August 15, 1995 - August 14, 1998 Objective: To construct Pseudomonas putida strains capable
of expressing toluene monooxygenase at high levels during slow growth.
Researchers have constructed a plasmid (pAM103) in which the tmo
gene is regulated by the P. putida starvation promoter (termed Pstarv1)
that was cloned.
See web site for publications related to
this research.
1999 Progress Report: Dependence of Metal Ion Bioavailability
on Biogenic Ligands and Soil Humic Substances http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/12/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R825960 Investigators: Richard M. Higashi, Teresa W-M. Fan, and Andrew
N. Lane Institution: University of California-Davis EPA Project Officer: Thomas Veirs Project Period: January 1, 1998 -December 31, 2001 Objectives: Researchers are investigating the the complex
interaction between metal ions, biogenic ligands, and humic substances
must be understood to engineer proper organisms and conditions for
bioremediation of metal ion contamination.
Publications:
Higashi RM, Fan TW-M, Lane AN. Association of desferrioxamine with
humic substances and their interaction with cadmium(II) as studied
by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analyst 1998;123:911-918.
Fan TW-M, Higashi RM, Lane AN. Chemical characterization of a chelator-treated
soil humate by solution-state multinuclear two-dimensional NMR
with
FTIR and pyrolysis-GCMS. Environ Sci Technol 2000;34:1636-1646.
Final Report: Biomineralization of Heavy Metals Within Fungal
Mycelia: A New Technology for Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/590/report/F EPA Grant Number: R823341 Investigators: Theodore C. Crusberg, Alex DiIorio Institution: Worcester Polytechnic Institute EPA Project Officer: Bala Krishnan Project Period: October 1, 1995–September 30, 1998 (no-cost
extension to June 30, 1999) Objectives: Researchers demonstrated the feasibility of
a process using an innovative fungal BIOTRAP for removal and recovery
of heavy metal ions from wastewaters. This work has demonstrated
promising results using Penicillium ochro-chloron for the removal
of copper ions from aqueous solutions.
Publications:
Ashby CR, Thompson SA, Crusberg TC. Biomineralization of copper:
solutions for waste remediation and biomining. In: Erickson LE,
Rankin MM, Gant SC, McDonald JP, eds. Proceedings of the 12th
Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, Kansas State University,
Manhattan, KS, 1997, pp. 50-61.
Sgammoto JD, DiIorio A, Crusberg TC. Detection of divalent transition
metal ions in complex media by capillary electrophoresis. In:
Erickson LE, Rankin MM, Gant SC, McDonald JP, eds. Proceedings
of the 12th
Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, Kansas State University,
Manhattan, KS, 1997, pp. 195-202.
Crusberg TC. Commercial opportunities for bioremediation of heavy
metal-contaminated wastewaters. In: Wise DL, ed. Proceedings
of 2nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental
Biotechnology (Boston, 1996), Global Environmental Biotechnology,
Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1997, pp. 347-354.
2000 Progress Report: Bioavailability and Biostabilization of
Multicomponent Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) in the Subsurface http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/153/report/2000 EPA Grant Number: R825961 Investigators: Tissa Illangasekare, Anu Ramaswami, Angela
Bielefeldt, Mehmet Isleyen, Derek Richard, Eric Vestal Institution: University of Colorado–Denver, Colorado
School of Mines, University of Colorado–Boulder EPA Project Officer: Tom Veirs Project Period: October 1, 1997–December 31, 2001 Objective: The objective is to understand key factors that
control the bioavailability and biostabilization of high molecular
weight organic contaminants (PAHs and PCBs) sequestered within multi-component
dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) entrapped in heterogeneous
soil systems. Researchers are developing a multicomponent DNAPL
dissolution model.
See web site for publications related to
this research.
1998 Progress Report: Bioavailability and Risk Assessment of
Complex Mixtures http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/678/report/1998 EPA Grant Number: R825408 Progress Report: Bioavailability and Risk Assessment of Complex
Mixtures Investigators: William Reeves and K.C. Donnelly Institution: Texas A&M University EPA Project Officer: William Stelz Project Period: November 15, 1996 - November 14, 1999 Objective: This research is designed to develop an accurate
methodology for estimating risk and bioaccessibility of complex
mixtures at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Initial data suggest
that rapid sorption of PAHs to soil is a phenomenon that predominates
with simple PAH mixtures only.
Bioremediation of Sediments Contaminated with Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5683 http://www.hsrc.org/hsrc/html/ssw/ (click "current
research") EPA Grant Number: R825513C020 Investigator: J. B. Hughes and C. H. Ward Institution: Rice University Hazardous Substances Research
Center Introduction: This project focuses on requirements for application
of bioremediation technology to clean up PAH-contaminated sediments.
Researchers conducted studies to determine the effect of mixtures
of PAHs on the degradation of high molecular weight PAHs in systems
with and without sediments. Progress: Fluoranthene degrading activity was induced in
bacteria that were not previously exposed to fluoranthene after
approximately 30 days of exposure to this compound. The results
of sediment-free experiments showed a range of mixtures effects
depending on what compounds were present.
Effect of the Gasoline Oxygenate Ethanol on the Migration and
Natural Attenuation of BTEX Compounds in Contaminated Aquifers http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/374 EPA Grant Number: R828156 Investigators: Pedro J.J. Alvarez (pedro-alvarez@uiowa.edu) Institution: The University of Iowa, Dept. of Civil &
Environmental Engineering, 2130 SC Iowa City, IA EPA Project Officer: Dr. S. Bala Krishnan Project Period: June 1 2000 – May 31 2002 Objective: Researchers seek to determine (1) if ethanol enhances
BTEX migration in aquifers; (2) how ethanol affects catabolic enzyme
induction and what conditions lead to simultaneous versus preferential
degradation of ethanol in the presence of BTEX; and (3) how ethanol
affects transitions in electron acceptor conditions.
Final Report: Reformulated Gasoline: Transport and Clean-Up
of Spills to the Subsurface http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1/report/F EPA Grant Number: R821114 Investigators: Susan E. Powers Institution: Clarkson University EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson Project Period: October 1, 1995–September 30, 1999 Objectives: Researchers have developed a computer model that
simultaneously solves transport equations in both the gasoline and
aqueous phases. Researchers also identified alternative treatment
strategies that are more effective than air stripping or activated
carbon. Specifically, porous graphitic carbon and two synthetic
carbonaceous resins have a greater capacity for MTBE than activated
carbon. The required addition of a wetting agent to the porous graphitic
carbon makes this sorbent unsuitable. The synthetic carbonaceous
resins have capacities 3-5 times greater than activated carbon.
While they are technically feasible for the removal of MTBE, they
are very expensive but do have a much higher capacity for onsite
regeneration.
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/917 EPA Grant Number: R826161 Investigators: K.A. Strevett, R. Tanner, D. Sabatini, and
J. Everett Institution: University of Oklahoma EPA Project Officer: Bala Krishnan Project Period: March 10, l998 - March 9, 2001 Objectives: The goal of this research is the development
of a mechanistic and innovative methodology that can effectively
predict and describe anaerobic and aerobic biodegradability of hydrocarbons
as impacted by biosurfactants.
Use of C2 to C10 Organic Acids to Enhance Bioremediation of
DNAPL Contaminated Aquifers
http://es.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/centers/hsrc/biorem/use_of.html http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC/use_of.html Principal Investigators:S.A. Gibson, J.C. Tracy, and M.S.
Kennedy, Institution: South Dakota State University Hazardous Substances
Research Center Objective: This project will address the possibility of using
sodium salts of organic acids from 2 carbons to 10 carbons in length
to support dehalogenation of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Final Report: A Low-Cost, In-Situ Bimetallic Reduction Prototype
System for the Treatment and Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent-Contaminated
Ground Waters http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1222/report/F EPA Contract Number: 68D98116 Investigator: Dr. R. O. Loutfy Small Business: Materials and Electrochemical Research (MER)
Corporation
7960 South Kolb Road / Tucson, AZ 85706 / Telephone Number: (520)
574-1980 EPA Project Officer: Jason Edwards
Executive Summary: Researchers have designed an the innovative Pd-C-Fe
catalytic reduction system for the successful detoxification of
chlorinated solvent-contaminated ground water. This system shows
versatility for ground water remediation of different contaminants
and is among the most affordable technologies based on preliminary
cost analysis.
1999 Progress Report: Influence of Nonionic Surfactants on the
Bioavailability of Chlorinated Benzenes for Microbial Reductive
Dechlorination http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/685/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R825404 Investigators: Spyros G. Pavlostathis, Kurt D. Pennell Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz Project Period: November 12, 1996–May 31, 2000 Objectives: Researchers are analyzing the effects of surfactants
on microbial reductive dechlorination processes and have developed
a mathematical model to assess the influence of sorbed-phase surfactant
on hexacholorbenzene (HCB) sorption.
See web site for publications related to
this research.
1999 Progress Report: Biosurfactant Specificity and Influence
on Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons by Microbial Consortia
in the Field http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/412/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R827132 Investigators: Gina S. Shreve, William Finnerty Institution: Wayne State University EPA Project Officer: Thomas Veirs Project Period: September 1, 1998–August 31, 2001 Objectives: Researchers are establishing the efficacy of
various classes of biosurfactants in the remediation of soils contaminated
with mixed hydrocarbon wastes. To date, researchers have examined
the basis of the hydrocarbon specificity and have determined the
influence of contaminant mixtures on the effectiveness of microbial
biosurfactants for solubilization of specific classes of hydrocarbons. Publications:
Sekelsky A, Shreve GS. Kinetic model of biosurfactant enhanced hexadecane
biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biotechnology and Bioengineering
1999;63(4):401-409.
Shreve GS. Physical/chemical properties of biosurfactants and their
influence on specific applications. Invited speaker for the Annual
Meeting of the National Science Foundation Center for Biofilm Engineering,
Montana State University, July 1999.
Biomimetic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons Related to Bioremediation
Processes http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/662 EPA Grant Number: R823377 Investigator: Pericles Stavropoulos Institution: Boston University, Department of Chemistry EPA Project Officer: Bala Krishnan Project Period: October 1, 1995 - September 30, 1998 Description: The purpose of this project was to undertake
a comprehensive study of the iron- and copper-based chemistry related
to a remarkable hydrocarbon-oxidizing system.
1999 Progress Report: Development of Chemical Methods to Assess
the Bioavailability of Arsenic in Contaminated Media http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/676/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R825410 Investigators: Nicholas T. Basta, Robin R. Rodriguez, Stan
W. Casteel Institution: Oklahoma State University; University of Missouri-Columbia
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz Project Period: November 1, 1996–October 31, 2000 Objectives: Reserachers have developed a laboratory in vitro
method that simulates the human GI system by estimating the bioavailability
of arsenic in contaminated soil and solid media. They have also
shown that arsenic extracted by hydroxylamine hydrochloride soil
extractant was strongly correlated with in vivo bioavailable arsenic.
The IVG and hydroxylamine hydrochloride extraction methods may serve
as inexpensive methods of estimating site-specific bioavailability,
thereby lowering the degree of uncertainty in risk assessment.
Final Report: Quantitation of Heavy Metals by Immunoassay http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/506/report/F EPA Grant Number: R824029 Investigators: Diane A. Blake, Ph.D. Institution: Tulane University School of Medicine EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson Project Period: September 1, 1995 - August 31, 1998 Objectives: To construct and optimize an immunoassay for
cadmium and to prepare new metal-specific antibodies for metals
complexed with chelating agents. This project developed a new method
to determine antigen-antibody binding affinities; constructed and
validated a competitive immunoassay for Cd(II) for water samples;
purified a new monoclonal antibody (I SB4) that recognizes Zn- and
Ni-chelate complexes; isolated a new hybridoma cell line (2C12)
that synthesizes and secretes a monoclonal antibody which recognizes
chelated forms of Pb(II); developed a new hybridoma cell line that
synthesizes and secretes an antibody with specificity for Cu(II)-EDTA
complexes.
See web site for publications related to
this research.
2000 Progress Report: Development of Novel Bioadsorbents for
Heavy Metal Removal http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/350/report/2000 EPA Grant Number: R827227 Investigators: Wilfred Chen, Ashok Mulchandani, Rajesh Mehra
Institution: University of California, Riverside EPA Project Officer: Bala Krishnan Project Period: December 1, 1998–November 30, 2001 Objectives: The objective of this research is to develop
high-affinity microbial bioadsorbents for heavy metal removal. Preliminary
findings of the effect of pH and temperature on whole cell immobilization
via surface-expressed cellulose binding domain protein suggest that
binding affinity is stonger at a pH greater than 6 and that 37oC
may be an ideal temperature not only for the metal removal but may
also be true for cell immobilization.
Publications/Presentations:
Chen W, Bae W, Mulchandani A, Mehra R. Development of novel bioadsorbents
for heavy metal removal. Presented at the American Institute of
Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, October 31-November
5, 1999.
Bae W, Chen W, Mulchandani A, Mehra R. Enhanced bioaccumulation
of heavy metal by bacteria cells displaying synthetic phytochelatins.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering (in press).
Wang A, Mulchandani A, Chen W. Whole cell immobilization using
surface-expressed cellulose-binding domain. Biotechnology Progress
(submitted for publication).
The Development and Scale Up of an Enhanced Mass Transport Resin
for Efficient and Cost Effective Heavy Metals Removal and Recovery
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1176 EPA Contract Number: 68D98139 Investigator: Richard A. Hamilton Small Business: SolmeteX, Inc., 29 Cook Street / Billerica,
MA 01821
EPA Contact: SBIR Program Manager Project Period: September 1998 - March 1999 Objectives: The purpose of this SBIR project is to develop
and scale up an enhanced mass transport resin for efficient and
cost effective heavy metals removed and recovery. Under this project,
the feasibility of making large polymer beads (approximately 800
microns) with bimodel pore distribution consisting of large "through
pores" (1-5 microns) will be determined.
Fellowship - Effect of bioavailable metal concentration on mechanisms
of metal resistance http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2203 EPA Identifier: U915385 Institution: University of Arizona, Tucson
Fellow (Principal Investigator): Todd Ryan Sandrin
EPA Grant Representative: Jason Edwards
Proposed Start Date: 8/24/98 Objective: The goal of this research is to develop a model
system for the elucidation of mechanisms of metal resistance present
at varying levels of bioavailable metal and the resulting impact
of the activity of these mechanisms on biodegradation.
2000 Progress Report: Understanding the role of sulfur in the
production and fate of methylmercury in watersheds http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/248/report/2000 EPA Grant Number: R827653 Investigators: R.P. Mason and C.C. Gilmour Institution: Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University
of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and Academy of Natural
Sciences Estuarine Research Center EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz Project Period: 10/1/99-9/30/02 Objectives: The principal objective of this research is to
understand the role of sulfur, especially in the form of sulfide,
in mercury (Hg) methylation and methylmercury (MMHg) fate and transport
in watersheds, including the factors controlling the efflux of MMHg
from sediments and soils. Researchers have completed studies of
the binding of inorganic Hg with dissolved organic carbon isolates
from estuarine waters and have published on the role of sulfide
as a methylation control. Additional studies are looking at the
potential interactions of Hg and MMHg with solid oxide phases and
with solid sulfide phases.
Publications:
Benoit, JM, Mason, RP, Gilmour, CC and Aiken, GR (Submitted).
Mercury binding constants for dissolved organic carbon isolates
from the
Florida Everglades. Submitted to Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, in
review.
Benoit, JM, Gilmour, CC and Mason, RP (In press). The influence
of sulfide on mercury bioavailability for methylation by pure
cultures
of Desulfobulbus proprionicus (1pr3). Environ. Sci. Technol.,
in press.
Benoit, JM, Gilmour, CC and Mason, RP. (In press). Aspects of
the bioavailability of mercury for methylation in pure cultures
of Desulfobulbus
proprionicus (1pr3). Appl. Environ. Microbiol., in press. Relevant Web Sites: http://cbl.umces.edu/~mason/welcome.html http://www.anserc.org/index.html
Processes Controlling the Chemical/Isotopic Speciation and Distribution
of Mercury from Contaminated Mine Sites http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/250 EPA Grant Number: R827634 Investigators: Gordon E. Brown, Jr. (gordon@pangea.stanford.edu),
Trevor R. Ireland, Mae S. Gustin, James J. Rytuba (collaborator),
Daniel Grolimund, Christopher S. Kim Institution: Stanford University, Stanford, CA (Brown, Ireland,
Grolimund, Kim), University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV (Gustin), U.S.
Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA (Rytuba) EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz Project Period: 10/1/99 to 9/30/02 Objectives: This research project will gain an understanding
of the physical and chemical processes that control the speciation
and distribution of Hg in mine wastes and its release from mine
sites.
1999 Progress Report: Understanding Seasonal Variation of Bioavailability
of Residual NAPL in the Vadose Zone http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/409/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R827133 Investigators: Patricia A. Holden, Arturo A. Keller Institution: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management,
University of California, Santa Barbara EPA Project Officer: Tom Veirs Project Period: October 1, 1998–September 30, 2001 Objectives: Project objective is to gain a better understanding
of the factors that control pollutant bioavailability over time
in order to predict natural attenuation more reliablly. Researchers
have established a sequence of abiotic experiments to examine effects
at the pore scale.
1998 Progress Report: Assessment of Biotic and Abiotic Processes
Controlling the Fate of Chlorinated Solvents in Mixed-Waste Under
Iron- and Sulfate-Reducing Conditions Using Laboratory and In Situ
Microcosms http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/109/report/1998 EPA Grant Number: R825958 Investigators: Kim F. Hayes, Peter Adriaens, and Michael
J. Barcelona Institution: The University of Michigan EPA Project Officer: Tom Veirs Project Period: November 17, 1997 - November 16, 2000 Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate
the relative importance of biotic and abiotic reductive dechlorination
processes under iron- and sulfate-reducing conditions in both simple
and mixed-waste systems.
See web site for publications related to this
research.
1999 Progress Report: The Effects of Aging and Sorbent Decomposition
on the Bioavailability of Toluene and Xylene in Solid Waste http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/413/report/1999 EPA Grant Number: R827131 Investigators: Morton A. Barlaz, Detlef R.U. Knappe Institution: North Carolina State University EPA Project Officer: Tom Veirs Project Period: October 1, 1998–September 30, 2001 Objectives: The hypothesis is that kinetically limited sorption/desorption
processes and humification control the bioavailability and leaching
of organic contaminants in landfills and that humification may be
an endpoint in the fate of toluene and xylene. The objective of
this research is to develop an understanding of factors controlling
the bioavailability and fate of organic contaminants sorbed to components
of municipal solid waste (MSW). Progress: This project is being conducted with individual
components of MSW, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density
polyethylene (HDPE), newsprint, office paper, and model food and
yard waste (rabbit food). Initial tests were conducted to determine
the time required to reach short-term sorption equilibria. Short-term
sorption equilibria for toluene on HDPE, newsprint, office paper,
and rabbit food were reached within 2 days in both organic-free
water and acidogenic leachate, while 20 days were required with
PVC.
For additional information on EPA-funded remediation research,
visit http://es.epa.gov/ncer/centers/
and click on "Hazardous Substance Research Centers" or
on the specific center's link. Or, go directly to http://www.hsrc.org/ and click the "research"
button on the left frame to view full abstracts and to search abstract
archive. Topics include metals research; detection and remediation
research; bioremediation research; fate and transport research;
incineration research; and technology transfer research.
US EPA's Office of Research and Development
• National Risk Management Research Laboratory - Subsurface
Protection and Remediation Division http://www.epa.gov/ada/kerrlab.html
