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2004/2005 Fact SheetComprehensive Cancer Control:
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You may also download a PDF version (263K) for Adobe Acrobat Reader. |
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On this page
Comprehensive cancer control (CCC) is an emerging model that integrates and coordinates a range of activities to maximize the impact of limited resources and achieve desired cancer prevention and control outcomes. A key component to the success of this approach is establishing partnerships between public and private sector stakeholders whose common mission is to reduce the burden of cancer.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. In 2004, about 1.4 million new cases of cancer (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers and noninvasive cancers, except urinary bladder) will be diagnosed, and more than 563,700 Americans—about 1,500 people a day—will die of the disease. The financial cost of cancer is also significant. According to the National Institutes of Health, in 2003, the overall cost for cancer in the United States was $189.5 billion: $64.2 billion for direct medical expenses, $16.3 billion for lost worker productivity due to illness, and $109 billion for lost worker productivity due to premature death.
Source: American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2004.
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Comprehensive cancer control is based on the following principles:
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Source: National Institutes of Health. |
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed the building blocks model for comprehensive cancer control planning, a strategy for building a coordinated public health response to cancer. This model provides a way to assess and then address the cancer burden within a state, territory, or tribe. It builds on the achievements of, and enhances the infrastructure created for, existing cancer programs—many of which address individual cancer sites or risk factors.
CCC is achieved through a broad partnership of public- and private-sector stakeholders whose common mission is to reduce the overall burden of cancer. These stakeholders review epidemiologic data and research evidence, including program evaluation data, and jointly set priorities for action. The partnership then mobilizes support for implementing specific cancer prevention and control activities and puts in place a systematic plan for establishing CCC. This structured approach provides the means to coordinate activities, track progress over time, monitor emerging developments in cancer and related fields, and periodically reassess priorities.
CDC is working to define criteria through which CCC implementation can be monitored and evaluated, and continues to study emerging CCC programs to identify components that appear important for program success. This evaluation is helping CDC and others to provide sound guidance and technical assistance related to CCC program development, thereby enabling national, state, territorial, and tribal partners to more effectively contribute to reductions in cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality.
Guidance for Comprehensive Cancer Control Planning, published in 2002, serves as a road map for CCC planning. The information in this document is based on the experiences of several states that undertook CCC planning in recent years. Each of the states worked with CDC and the Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation to develop a CCC plan. These planning efforts resulted in the development of the Guidance document. This resource recommends core components, or building blocks, which can help partners, experts, and stakeholders work together to optimize resources and coordinate cancer control activities within a state, territory, or tribe. The publication also includes a toolkit containing materials that planners can adapt for use in their own programs.
To help coordinate and leverage comprehensive cancer control efforts made at federal, state, and local levels,CDC has partnered with the following national organizations:
During 2000–2002, CDC worked with many of these partners—ACS, ACoS, C-Change, CDD, ASTHO, ICC, NCI, and NAACCR—to sponsor a series of regional CCC leadership institutes. Representatives from all states participated in these sessions, which gave state-level planners and decision makers the information and tools needed to begin or enhance CCC planning efforts in their states.
The national convening partners have designed a second series of leadership institutes that focus on implementing CCC plans. A number of curriculum modules, including the following, have been developed for these institutes, which began in 2004:
Additional information, along with the schedule for the 2004 Regional Leadership Institutes, can be accessed at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/ncccp/institutes/phase2.htm.
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Public Health’s Role in Cancer Survivorship Partners in the cancer control community are increasingly focusing on issues that affect cancer survivors. Creating and implementing successful strategies to help the millions of people who live with, through, and beyond cancer remain the overarching goals for survivorship efforts. In particular, CDC has teamed with the Lance Armstrong Foundation and other leaders in the cancer survivorship field to develop a public health action plan that identifies and prioritizes cancer survivorship needs and proposes strategies to advance public health efforts in this area. (More information on A National Action Plan for Cancer Survivorship: Advancing Public Health Strategies can be accessed at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/survivorship/overview.htm.) In addition, CCC programs are encouraged to include survivorship activities in their efforts to coordinate a multidisciplinary approach to addressing cancer control across its continuum. |
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Since 1998, the number of programs participating in CDC’s National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program has grown from 6 to 61. With approximately $12 million in Congressional appropriations in fiscal year 2004, CDC provides support for building coordinated and focused cancer control programs in 49 states, the District of Columbia, 5 tribes and tribal organizations, and 6 U.S. Associated Pacific Islands/territories. With this support, health agencies continue to establish broad-based CCC coalitions, assess the burden of cancer, determine priorities for cancer prevention and control, and develop and implement CCC plans. Additional CDC funding supports colorectal, prostate, and ovarian cancer control activities within CCC programs.
CCC programs across the country are making significant progress in coordinating and integrating cancer prevention and control efforts. Several state examples underscoring this progress follow.
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No funding |
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Capacity-building: Category A (formerly planning) |
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Capacity-building: Category B (formerly implementation) |
*CDC also funds the following U.S. Associated Pacific Islands/territories, and tribal
organizations, respectively, for capacity-building cancer control programs: American Samoa,
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Republic of
the Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau; and Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Cherokee
Nation, Fond Du Lac Reservation, Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, and South Puget
Intertribal Planning Agency
Leveraging Legislative Support in Hawaii
Part of Hawaii’s CCC efforts included reviewing outdated legislation and making
recommendations for new legislation. As a result of this effort, HRS 321-45 Cancer
Examinations was passed. This bill highlights the need for the Health Department to work
with other government agencies, health care providers, health insurers, and others
to improve the overall rates of screening, early diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
Assessing the Cancer Burden Among American Indians/Alaska Natives
Although American Indians/Alaska Natives are generally thought to have disproportionately
low cancer incidence and mortality rates, official rates tend to be underestimated
because many health registries do not accurately code race. Using record linkages between
the Northwest Tribal Registry (Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board) and
state health registries, the Northwest Tribal Registry showed that the true incidence
of cancer among its tribal members was 267.5 per 100,000 population rather than
153.5 per 100,000 as reported previously. These more accurate data gave the Board the
factual support it needed in advocating for additional cancer control resources.
Enhancing Infrastructure in Georgia
Georgia used money from the 1998 tobacco settlement and other sources to fund the
creation of a strategic plan for the Georgia Cancer Coalition (GCC). State government
support for the GCC is expected to total several hundred million dollars over the next
5 to 7 years. The governor has issued a challenge to stakeholders to leverage this amount
threefold, resulting in a total investment of $1 billion. Some of the efforts of the
coalition include establishing Regional Programs of Excellence and a Distinguished
Cancer Clinicians and Scientists Program. The Regional Programs of Excellence will
increase access to quality cancer care for all Georgians through coordination of
community-based oncology health services. The Distinguished Cancer Clinicians Program,
which will recruit renowned cancer clinicians and scientists to Georgia, has been
established to advance scientific discovery and infrastructure, as well as to increase
economic resources in the state for addressing cancer.
Building Partnerships for Cancer Control in Kentucky
To define its priorities and select targets for intervention, the Kentucky Cancer Program
administered a needs survey to cancer stakeholders throughout the state. It then used data
from this survey, as well as information gleaned from a review of existing categorical plans
and Healthy Kentuckians 2010 goals, to develop an action plan. The plan contains 14
recommended actions and from one to four priority strategies for executing each of the
recommendations. The state also developed Regional Cancer Partnerships to help involve
more local cancer control partners in developing implementation strategies that address
cancer plan priorities. Fifteen regional meetings were held in 2003 to provide an
orientation on community and statewide comprehensive cancer control.
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For more information or additional copies of this document, please contact: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Mail Stop K–64, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341–3717B (770) 488-4751 - Voice Information System 1 (888) 842-6355 - Fax (770) 488-4760 cancerinfo@cdc.gov http://www.cdc.gov/cancer This Web site is intended for information only and is not a substitute for medical care or treatment by a qualified professional. Any person who has or might have a health problem should consult a professional health care provider. |
You may also download a PDF version (263K) for Adobe Acrobat Reader
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