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Summary of Notifiable Diseases
United States 2002
Background
The infectious diseases designated as notifiable at the national level
during 2002 are listed on page 3. A notifiable disease is one for which
regular, frequent, and timely information regarding individual cases is
considered necessary for the prevention and control of the disease. This
section briefly summarizes the history of the reporting of nationally notifiable
diseases in the United States.
In 1878, Congress authorized the U.S. Marine Hospital Service (the forerunner
of the Public Health Service [PHS]) to collect morbidity reports regarding
cholera, smallpox, plague, and yellow fever from U.S. overseas consuls.
The intention was to use this information to institute quarantine measures
to prevent the introduction and spread of these diseases into the United
States. In 1879, a specific Congressional appropriation was made for the
collection and publication of reports of these notifiable diseases. Congress
expanded the authority for weekly reporting and publication of these reports
in 1893 to include data from states and municipal authorities. To increase
the uniformity of the data, Congress enacted a law in 1902 directing the
Surgeon General to provide forms for the collection and compilation of
data and for the publication of reports at the national level. In 1912,
state and territorial health authorities - in conjunction with PHS - recommended
immediate telegraphic reporting of five infectious diseases and the monthly
reporting, by letter, of 10 additional diseases. The first
annual summary of The Notifiable Diseases in 1912 included reports of 10
diseases from 19 states, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii. By 1928,
all states, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico were participating
in national reporting of 29 specified diseases. At their annual meeting
in 1950, state and territorial health officers authorized the Council of
State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) to determine which diseases
should be reported to PHS. In 1961, CDC assumed responsibility for the
collection and publication of data concerning nationally notifiable diseases.
The list of nationally notifiable diseases is revised periodically. For
example, a disease might be added to the list as a new pathogen emerges,
or a disease might be deleted as its incidence declines. Public health
officials at state health departments and CDC continue to collaborate in
determining which diseases should be nationally notifiable. CSTE, with
input from CDC, makes recommendations annually for additions and deletions.
Although disease reporting is mandated by legislation or regulation at
the state and local levels, state reporting to CDC is voluntary. Thus,
the list of diseases considered notifiable varies slightly by state. All
states generally report the internationally quarantinable diseases (i.e.,
cholera, plague, and yellow fever) in compliance with the World Health
Organization's International Health Regulations.
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- Anthrax
- Botulism
- Brucellosis
- Chancroid
- Chlamydia trachomatis, genital infection
- Cholera
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Cyclosporiasis
- Diphtheria
- Ehrlichiosis
- Human granulocytic
- Human monocytic
- Human, other or unspecified agent
- Encephalitis/meningitis, arboviral
- California serogroup viral
- Eastern equine
- Powassan
- St. Louis
- Western equine
- West Nile
- Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, (EHEC),
O157:H7
- EHEC serogroup non-O157
- EHEC, not serogrouped
- Giardiasis
- Gonorrhea
- Haemophilus influenzae, invasive disease
- Hansen disease
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome, postdiarrheal
- Hepatitis A, acute
- Hepatitis B, acute
- Hepatitis B, perinatal infection
- Hepatitis, C/non-A, non-B
acute
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- Adult (≥13 yrs)
- Pediatric (<13 yrs)
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- Legionellosis
- Listeriosis
- Lyme disease
- Malaria
- Measles
- Meningococcal disease
- Mumps
- Pertussis
- Plague
- Poliomyelitis, paralytic
- Psittacosis
- Q Fever
- Rabies, animal
- Rabies, human
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Rubella
- Rubella, congenital syndrome
- Salmonellosis
- Shigellosis
- Streptococcal disease, invasive, group A
- Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome
- Streptococcus pneumoniae,
drug-resistant, invasive disease
- Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive, <5
yrs
- Syphilis
- Syphilis, congenital
- Tetanus
- Toxic-shock syndrome
- Trichinosis
- Tuberculosis
- Tularemia
- Typhoid fever
- Varicella*
- Varicella deaths
- Yellow fever
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* Although varicella (chickenpox) is not a nationally
notifiable disease, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
recommends reporting cases of this disease to CDC.
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