Science Behind the Campaign

National Breastfeeding Awareness Campaign References

References for Diarrhea:

Scariati P, Grummer-Strawn L, Beck Fein S. A longitudinal analysis of infant morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United States. Pediatrics. 1997;99(6):e5-e9

Raisler J, Alexander C, O’Campo P. Breast-feeding and infant illness: a dose-response relationship? Am J Public Health. 1999;89(1):25-30

Beaudry M, Dufour R, Marcoux S. Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first 6 months of life. J Pediatr. 1995;126:191-197

Howie PW, Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, Clark A, du V Florey C. Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. BMJ. 1990; 300:11-16

References for Otitis Media:

Owen MJ, Baldwin CD, Swank PR, Pannu AK, Johnson DL, Howie VM. Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in the first two years of life. J Pediatr. 1993;123:702-11

Scariati P, Grummer-Strawn L, Beck Fein S. A longitudinal analysis of infant morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United States. Pediatrics. 1997;99(6):e5-e9

Raisler J, Alexander C, O’Campo P. Breast-feeding and infant illness: a dose-response relationship? Am J Public Health. 1999;89(1):25-30

Beaudry M, Dufour R, Marcoux S. Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first 6 months of life. J Pediatr. 1995;126:191-197.

Duffy LC, Faden H, Wasielewski R, Wolf J, Krystofik D, Tonawanda/Williamsville Pediatrics. Exclusive breastfeeding protects against bacterial colonization and day care exposure to otitis media. Pediatrics. 1997;100(4):e7

Duncan B, Ey J, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Martinez FD, Taussig LM. Exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis media. Pediatrics. 1993;91(5):867-872

References for Hospitalization for Respiratory Illness

Beaudry M, Dufour R, Marcoux S. Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first six months of life. J Pediatr. 1995;126:191-197

Howie PW, Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, Clark A, du V Florey C. Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. BMJ. 1990; 300:11-16

Nafstad P, Jaakkola JJ, Hagen JA, Botten G, Kongrud J. Breastfeeding, Maternal Smoking, and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. Eur Respir J. 1996;9:2623-2629

Oddy WH, Holt PG, Sly PD, Read AW, Landau LI, Stanley FJ, Kendall GE, Burton PR. Association Between Breast Feeding and Asthma in 6-Year-Old Children: Findings of a Prospective Birth Cohort Study. BMJ. 1999;319:815-819

Oddy WH, Sly PD, de Klerk NH, Landau LI, Kendall GE, Holt PG, Stanley FJ. Breast feeding and respiratory morbidity in infancy: a birth cohort study. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2003;88:224-228

Cushing AH, Samet JM, Lambert WE, Skipper BJ, Hunt WC, Young SA, McLaren LC. Breastfeeding reduces risk of Respiratory illness in infants. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147:863–870

References for Obesity

Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Camargo CA, Berkey CS, Frazier AL, Rockett HR, Field AE, Colditz GA. Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants. JAMA. 2001;285:2461–2467

Grummer-Strawn LM, Mei Z. Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System. Pediatrics. 2004;113(2):e81-86

Hediger ML, Overpeck MD, Kuczmarski RI, Ruan WJ. Association between infant breastfeeding and overweight in young
children. JAMA. 2001;285:2453 –2460

Toschke AM, Vignerova J, Lhotska L, Osancova K, Koletzko B, von Kries R. Overweight and obesity in 6- to 14-year old
Czech children in 1991: protective effect of breast-feeding. J Pediatr. 2002;141:764 –769

Von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T, von Mutius E. Does breast-feeding protect against childhood obesity? Adv Exp Med
Biol. 2000;478:29-39

Strbak V, Skultetyova M, Hromadova M, Randuskova A, Macho L. Late effects of breast-feeding and early weaning: seven-year prospective study in children. Endocr Regul. 1991;25(1-2):53-57

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Text last updated September 2004