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Epidemiology Program Office
Division of Public Health Surveillance
and Informatics
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Epidemiology Program Office Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics
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What is syndromic surveillance?
The term “syndromic surveillance” applies to surveillance using health-related
data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of case or
an outbreak to warrant further public health response. Though historically,
syndromic surveillance has been utilized in situations where resources are
to target investigation of potential cases, its utility for detecting outbreaks
associated with bioterrorism is increasingly being explored by public health.
Purpose of this annotated bibliography
The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to provide an information resource
addressing syndromic surveillance associated with bioterrorism. The primary
audiences are public health practitioners who want to learn more about syndromic
surveillance and/or systems or who have a system that they want to improve
upon.
We attempted to gather key articles on syndromic surveillance associated with bioterrorism. Resources included in this bibliography are peer-reviewed articles, academic papers, technical reports, and Web-based information on syndromic surveillance systems. The resources are categorized by the following groupings: overview/general, analytic methods, informatics, evaluation of syndromic surveillance systems, and other resources. In addition, non-bioterrorism-related resources include information on syndromic surveillance not addressing bioterrorism but which may still be of use to our audiences.
We hope this bibliography will help to facilitate discussions about the strengths and weakness of syndromic surveillance and help identify future research needs in this emerging field. Since this annotated bibliography on syndromic surveillance is a work in progress, we welcome suggestions and comments on:
1) Format of this web resource,
2) Reviews of articles, and
3) Additional references/resources not included in the bibliography.
Please direct these suggestions and comments to framework@cdc.gov.
Methods
Resources were derived from a variety of sources. First, a Pub Med search was
conducted to find published peer-reviewed literature. The search strategy
utilized the following key words in varying combinations: syndromic surveillance,
bioterrorism, early detection outbreak, pre-diagnosis surveillance, non-traditional
surveillance, enhanced surveillance, drop-in surveillance, health indicator
surveillance, and disease early warning systems. Second, a search was conducted
on Internet search engines (e.g., Google) to find non-peer-reviewed reports,
(e.g., technical reports, abstracts, conference papers, etc.) and websites
addressing syndromic surveillance. The type of resource is indicated after
each citation for non-journal resources.
Limitations and Disclaimer
This bibliography is meant as an information-gathering resource on syndromic
surveillance and systems for public health practitioners. The resources
included have only been briefly summarized and are not intended to be an
exhaustive bibliography. We will periodically update the bibliography with
current and relevant resources. Finally, the inclusion of the names of
any specific products or companies in this annotated bibliography does
not constitute an endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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