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S/MIME
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Secure Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions
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Sablefish
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Anoplopoma fimbria
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SAFE
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Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation - a document or set of documents that provides Councils with a summary of the most recent biological condition of species in the fishery management unit, and the social and economic condition of the recreational and commercial fishing interests and the fish processing industries. It summarizes, on a periodic basis, the best available scientific information concerning the past, present, and possible future condition of the stocks and fisheries being managed under federal regulation.
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SAFMC
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South Atlantic Fishery Management Council.
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Salmo gairdneri
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Steelhead Trout
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SARC
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Stock Assessment Review Committee.
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Scales
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Thin, small, overlapping plates which protect the salmon's body. Scales grow in regular concentric patterns and can be used to determine the age and life history of a salmon
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SCAN
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Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition (European Union)
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Screens
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Used at Columbia River hydroelectric dams to guide fish away from turbine intakes and into juvenile bypass systems.
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SDE
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Spatial Database Engine
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Sebastes paucispinus
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Shelf Rockfish
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Secondary Consumer
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A heterotrophic, carnivorous organism that feeds on a primary consumer. Herring feeding on zooplankton are an example of a secondary consumer. See also food chain, heterotroph, primary consumer.
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Sediment
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Solid fragments of inorganic or organic material that come from the weathering of rock and are carried and deposited by wind, water, or ice.
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Selection Pressure
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A measure of the effectiveness of natural selection in altering the genetic composition of a population. See also natural selection.
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Semelparous
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Having only one reproductive or spawning period and dies after spawning.
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sensory canal
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a branch of the lateral line that extends into the head of some fishes.
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SEPA
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(Washington) State Environmental Policy Act
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SEPA
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Scottish Environmental Protection Agency
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Shelf Rockfish
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Sebastes paucispinus
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SIC
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Standard Industrial Classification (Index)
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Siliqua patula
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Pacific Razor Clam
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Slope survey
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Bottom trawl surveys designed to provide information on distribution and abundance of demersal species, and other biological resource information.
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SMA
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(Washington) Shoreline Management Act
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Smolt
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Young salmon, migrating downstream from freshwater to saltwater. When parr become smolts, they lose their spots and turn silvery
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Smoltification
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Suite of physiological, morphological, biochemical and behavioural changes, including development of the silvery color of adults and a tolerance for seawater, that take place in salmonid parr as they prepare to migrate downstream and enter the sea.
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SMTP
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Secure Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions
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Sockeye Salmon
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Oncorhynchus nerka; a species also known as red salmon. They have a dark blue-black back with silvery sides. There are no distinct spots on their backs, dorsal fins, or tails. The spawning adults develop dull, green colored heads with brick red to scarlet bodies. The male develops a hooked nose
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Soft dorsal
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A dorsal fin containing only soft rays, or the soft rayed hind part of the dorsal fin if both spines and soft rays are present (as in perches).
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Spawning
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To produce offspring in large numbers.
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Specialist
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A species with a very narrow range in habitat or food requirements. For example, the Marbled Murrelet nests in old-growth forests on thick branches high up in the forest canopy. Compare generalist.
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Speciation
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The evolution of one or more species from an existing species.
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Species
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A group of organisms that differ from all other groups of organisms and that are capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring. This is the smallest unit of classification for plants and animals. Compare phylum.
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Species abundance
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The total number of individual of a species within a given area or community. Compare species richness.
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Species diversity
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A measure of both species abundance and species richness. An area that has a large number of species and many representative individuals from each species is more diverse than an area that has only a single species. See also biodiversity; compare ecosystem diversity, genetic diversity.
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Species Richness
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The number of different species that exist within a given area or community. Compare species abundance.
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SPR
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Spawning Potential Ratio - the number of eggs that could be produced by an average recruit in a fished stock, divided by the number of eggs that could be produced by an average recruit in an unfished stock. SPR can also be expressed as the spawning stock biomass per recruit (SSBR)
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SSB
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Spawning Stock Biomass - the total weight of the fish in a stock that are old enough to spawn.
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SSBR
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Spawning Stock Biomass Per Recruit - the spawning stock biomass divided by the number of recruits to the stock, or how much spawning biomass an average recruit would be expected to produce.
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SSC
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Scientific and Statistical Advisory Committee - a group of scientific and technical people giving advice to a Council.
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Status
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A state of affairs; situation.
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Steelhead Trout
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Salmo gairdneri
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Stellar Sea Lion
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Eumetopias jubastus
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Stochastic
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probabilistic, or involving probabilities, chance, or random variables
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Stranding
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To drive or run ashore or aground.
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Straying
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To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate, or go out of the way.
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Substrate
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The material upon or within which a plant or animal live or grows (e.g. rocky or sandy substrate). See also benthic.
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Surimi
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Minced, processed fish used in the preparation of imitation seafood, especially imitation shellfish.
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Sustainable
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A sustainable way of life is one in which human needs are met without diminishing the ability of other people, wild species, or future generations to survive.
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Swim bladder
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A sac inside the salmon's body by which the fish can control buoyancy
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Symbiosis
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An interaction between two different species where either both, one or neither of the organisms benefit from the relationship. Many symbiotic relationships are obligatory (e.g. tropical reef building corals and their algal symbiont).
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Sympatric
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Occupying the same space but without interbreeding, as with closely related but distinct species
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Systematics
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The area of biology that deals with the diversity of living organisms, their relationships to each other through evolution, and their classification. Can also be referred to as taxonomy.
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